龙芯2k0300 - 走马观碑组ST7735驱动移植
在《第21届智能汽车竞赛走马观碑软硬件设计》中我们介绍到我们的开发板使用了1.8寸TFT显示模块,显示模块使用的LCD驱动芯片为ST7735,屏幕分辨率为128*160,尺寸为1.8寸,屏幕显示接口采用SPI通信方式。
一、ST7735设备驱动
SPI驱动源码移植可参考:
龙邱科技提供的驱动源码位于:TFT18_Driver。实际上我们下载的内核linux 6.12已经内置了ST7735的驱动,这里我们就直接使用内核驱动即可,驱动源码位于drivers/staging/fbtft/fb_st7735r.c。
1.1 ST7735驱动
1.1.1 fb_st7735r.c
drivers/staging/fbtft/fb_st7735r.c源码如下:
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
* FB driver for the ST7735R LCD Controller
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Noralf Tronnes
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <video/mipi_display.h>
#include "fbtft.h"
#define DRVNAME "fb_st7735r"
#define DEFAULT_GAMMA "0F 1A 0F 18 2F 28 20 22 1F 1B 23 37 00 07 02 10\n" \
"0F 1B 0F 17 33 2C 29 2E 30 30 39 3F 00 07 03 10"
static const s16 default_init_sequence[] = {
-1, MIPI_DCS_SOFT_RESET,
-2, 150, /* delay */
-1, MIPI_DCS_EXIT_SLEEP_MODE,
-2, 500, /* delay */
/* FRMCTR1 - frame rate control: normal mode
* frame rate = fosc / (1 x 2 + 40) * (LINE + 2C + 2D)
*/
-1, 0xB1, 0x01, 0x2C, 0x2D,
/* FRMCTR2 - frame rate control: idle mode
* frame rate = fosc / (1 x 2 + 40) * (LINE + 2C + 2D)
*/
-1, 0xB2, 0x01, 0x2C, 0x2D,
/* FRMCTR3 - frame rate control - partial mode
* dot inversion mode, line inversion mode
*/
-1, 0xB3, 0x01, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x01, 0x2C, 0x2D,
/* INVCTR - display inversion control
* no inversion
*/
-1, 0xB4, 0x07,
/* PWCTR1 - Power Control
* -4.6V, AUTO mode
*/
-1, 0xC0, 0xA2, 0x02, 0x84,
/* PWCTR2 - Power Control
* VGH25 = 2.4C VGSEL = -10 VGH = 3 * AVDD
*/
-1, 0xC1, 0xC5,
/* PWCTR3 - Power Control
* Opamp current small, Boost frequency
*/
-1, 0xC2, 0x0A, 0x00,
/* PWCTR4 - Power Control
* BCLK/2, Opamp current small & Medium low
*/
-1, 0xC3, 0x8A, 0x2A,
/* PWCTR5 - Power Control */
-1, 0xC4, 0x8A, 0xEE,
/* VMCTR1 - Power Control */
-1, 0xC5, 0x0E,
-1, MIPI_DCS_EXIT_INVERT_MODE,
-1, MIPI_DCS_SET_PIXEL_FORMAT, MIPI_DCS_PIXEL_FMT_16BIT,
-1, MIPI_DCS_SET_DISPLAY_ON,
-2, 100, /* delay */
-1, MIPI_DCS_ENTER_NORMAL_MODE,
-2, 10, /* delay */
/* end marker */
-3
};
static void set_addr_win(struct fbtft_par *par, int xs, int ys, int xe, int ye)
{
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_COLUMN_ADDRESS,
xs >> 8, xs & 0xFF, xe >> 8, xe & 0xFF);
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_PAGE_ADDRESS,
ys >> 8, ys & 0xFF, ye >> 8, ye & 0xFF);
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_WRITE_MEMORY_START);
}
#define MY BIT(7)
#define MX BIT(6)
#define MV BIT(5)
static int set_var(struct fbtft_par *par)
{
/* MADCTL - Memory data access control
* RGB/BGR:
* 1. Mode selection pin SRGB
* RGB H/W pin for color filter setting: 0=RGB, 1=BGR
* 2. MADCTL RGB bit
* RGB-BGR ORDER color filter panel: 0=RGB, 1=BGR
*/
switch (par->info->var.rotate) {
case 0:
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_ADDRESS_MODE,
MX | MY | (par->bgr << 3));
break;
case 270:
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_ADDRESS_MODE,
MY | MV | (par->bgr << 3));
break;
case 180:
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_ADDRESS_MODE,
par->bgr << 3);
break;
case 90:
write_reg(par, MIPI_DCS_SET_ADDRESS_MODE,
MX | MV | (par->bgr << 3));
break;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Gamma string format:
* VRF0P VOS0P PK0P PK1P PK2P PK3P PK4P PK5P PK6P PK7P PK8P PK9P SELV0P SELV1P SELV62P SELV63P
* VRF0N VOS0N PK0N PK1N PK2N PK3N PK4N PK5N PK6N PK7N PK8N PK9N SELV0N SELV1N SELV62N SELV63N
*/
#define CURVE(num, idx) curves[(num) * par->gamma.num_values + (idx)]
static int set_gamma(struct fbtft_par *par, u32 *curves)
{
int i, j;
/* apply mask */
for (i = 0; i < par->gamma.num_curves; i++)
for (j = 0; j < par->gamma.num_values; j++)
CURVE(i, j) &= 0x3f;
for (i = 0; i < par->gamma.num_curves; i++)
write_reg(par, 0xE0 + i,
CURVE(i, 0), CURVE(i, 1),
CURVE(i, 2), CURVE(i, 3),
CURVE(i, 4), CURVE(i, 5),
CURVE(i, 6), CURVE(i, 7),
CURVE(i, 8), CURVE(i, 9),
CURVE(i, 10), CURVE(i, 11),
CURVE(i, 12), CURVE(i, 13),
CURVE(i, 14), CURVE(i, 15));
return 0;
}
#undef CURVE
static struct fbtft_display display = {
.regwidth = 8,
.width = 128,
.height = 160,
.init_sequence = default_init_sequence,
.gamma_num = 2,
.gamma_len = 16,
.gamma = DEFAULT_GAMMA,
.fbtftops = {
.set_addr_win = set_addr_win,
.set_var = set_var,
.set_gamma = set_gamma,
},
};
FBTFT_REGISTER_DRIVER(DRVNAME, "sitronix,st7735r", &display);
MODULE_ALIAS("spi:" DRVNAME);
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:" DRVNAME);
MODULE_ALIAS("spi:st7735r");
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:st7735r");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("FB driver for the ST7735R LCD Controller");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Noralf Tronnes");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1.1.2 FBTFT框架介绍
这里采用了FBTFT 框架,一个基于fbdev的辅助框架,位于drivers/staging/fbtft/,专门为小尺寸SPI/并口LCD控制器(如 ST7735、ILI9341、SSD1306等)设计;
| 维度 | Framebuffer (fbdev) | FBTFT |
|---|---|---|
| 层次 | 底层框架 | 基于 fbdev 的中间件 |
| 复杂度 | 需要实现完整的 fb_ops |
只需配置结构体,框架代劳 |
| 适用范围 | 所有显示硬件 | 小尺寸 SPI/并口 LCD 控制器 |
| 输出产物 | 驱动直接注册 /dev/fbX |
驱动通过 FBTFT 注册 /dev/fbX |
| 代码量 | 较大 | 极少(通常几百行) |
| 例子 | drivers/video/fbdev/ 下的各种驱动 |
drivers/staging/fbtft/fb_st7735r.c |
以 fb_st7735r.c 驱动为例,它没有直接调用register_framebuffer,而是通过宏FBTFT_REGISTER_DRIVER将设备描述结构体传递给 FBTFT框架。FBTFT框架内部完成:
- 分配
fb_info结构体; - 填充
fb_ops(使用框架内的通用函数); - 调用
register_framebuffer向系统注册fbdev设备。
因此,用户空间看到的/dev/fb0仍然是一个标准的framebuffer设备,只不过背后的实现由FBTFT框架统一管理。
如果对framebuffer设备驱动框架图感兴趣可以参考:《linux驱动移植-LCD驱动基础》。
1.2 内核配置
进入内核配置界面:
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ cd ~
zhengyang@ubuntu:~$ cd /opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ source ../set_env.sh && make menuconfig
依次进入以下菜单:
Device Drivers →
[*] Staging drivers →
[*] Support for small TFT LCD display modules →
<*> FB driver for the ST7735R LCD Controller
[*] SPI support →
<*> Loongson SPI Controller Platform Driver Support
默认会生成配置:
CONFIG_FB_TFT_ST7735R=y
CONFIG_SPI_LOONGSON_PLATFORM=y
我们直接修改arch/loongarch/configs/loongson_2k300_defconfig文件,加入这两个配置。
1.3 新增设备节点
这里我们将显示模块接到spi1接口,因此需要适当调整设备树。
1.3.1 spi1
spi1节点定义在arch/loongarch/boot/dts/loongson-2k0300.dtsi:
spi1: spi@0x16018000 {
compatible = "loongson,ls-spi";
reg = <0 0x16018000 0 0x10>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
interrupt-parent = <&liointc1>;
interrupts = <13 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; // 45 - 32 = 13
clock-frequency = <200000000>;
pinctrl-0 = <&spi1_pins>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
status = "disabled";
};
其中:
spi1::标签,用于在设备树中其他地方通过&spi1引用这个节点,方便添加属性或修改状态;spi@0x16018000:节点名,格式为设备名@寄存器基地址。这里spi是功能名,0x16108000是该SPI控制器的物理寄存器基地址。compatible:驱动匹配字符串。内核通过该属性寻找能驱动此设备的驱动程序;reg:寄存器地址范围。格式为<地址高位 地址低位 长度高位 长度低位>,由于龙芯采用64位寻址,这里用两个32位数表示64位地址;#address-cells和#size-cells:定义该节点下子节点(即挂载的SPI从设备)的地址和长度格式。#address-cells = <1>:子节点的reg属性中,地址部分占用1个32位单元;#size-cells = <0>:子节点的reg属性中没有长度字段;
interrupt-parent:指定该设备的中断路由到哪个中断控制器。&liointc0是龙芯2K0300内部的中断控制器节点(即龙芯I/O中断控制器)的标签;interrupts:描述中断线的具体信息;<3>:硬件中断编号(对应SPI1控制器在中断控制器中的编号);IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH:中断触发类型,这里定义为高电平触发。该宏在<dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/irq.h>中定义。
pinctrl-0:指定设备使用的第一组引脚配置,&spi1_pins是另一个设备树节点的标签,该节点描述了SPI的MOSI和MISO引脚应复用为SPI功能,并可能包含上拉等电气属性;pinctrl-names:为引脚的配置状态命名,与pinctrl-0对应。"default"是默认状态,驱动在probe时会自动应用pinctrl-0的配置,引脚配置设置为&spi1_pins;clock-frequency:SPI控制器的输入时钟频率(单位Hz);status:设备状态,此时处于禁用状态。
更多有关设备树相关的内容可以参考:《linux设备树-基础介绍》。
1.3.2 st7735r
修改arch/loongarch/boot/dts/ls2k300_99pi.dtsi:
&spi1 {
status = "okay";
cs-gpios = <&gpio 63 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; // CS引脚,根据实际修改
// 屏幕驱动
st7735r@0{
status = "okay";
compatible = "sitronix,st7735r";
reg = <0>;
spi-max-frequency = <100000000>;
fps = <60>;
dc-gpios = <&gpio 48 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
reset-gpios = <&gpio 49 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
rotate = <90>;
buswidth = <8>;
};
};
通过 &spi1 引用这个节点,将 status 改为 "okay",同时添加了SPI从设备节点。
其中st7735r@0设备节点下的compatible名称要和fb_st7735r.c驱动中的名称匹配。
1.3.3 spi1_pins
spi1_pins定义在arch/loongarch/boot/dts/loongson-2k0300.dtsi:
pinmux: pinmux@16000490 {
......
spi1_pins: pinmux_G60_G63_as_spi1 {
pinctrl-single,bits = <0xc 0xff000000 0xff000000>;
};
......
}
这个设备树节点是使用pinctrl-single驱动来配置引脚复用功能的典型写法,这行代码会在寄存器0x1600049c的高8位写入 0xff,而低24位保持不变,用于将芯片的GPIO0~GPIO62这四个引脚设置为SPI1功能。
注:pinctrl-single 是一个通用的引脚控制驱动,适用于那些引脚复用寄存器是“单寄存器位域”的芯片。当SoC没有提供复杂的pinctrl框架时,可以直接用这种方式“裸写”寄存器。
二、应用程序
接下来我们在example目录下创建子目录st7735_app;
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/example$ mkdir st7735_app
目录结构如下:
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/example/st7735_app$ tree .
.
├── main.c
└── Makefile
2.1 main.c
ST7735驱动注册为帧缓冲设备/dev/fb0。应用程序可以通过mmap将屏幕显存映射到用户空间,然后直接写入像素数据。
下面是一个完整的C程序,实现屏幕初始化、清屏、绘制像素、显示文字等基本功能,编译后可在帧缓冲设备(/dev/fb0)上运行;
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/*
* 测试 ST7735 屏幕(通过 /dev/fb0)的简单图形和文字显示
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <string.h>
static int fb_fd;
static struct fb_var_screeninfo vinfo;
static struct fb_fix_screeninfo finfo;
static uint16_t *fb_mem = NULL;
static size_t fb_size;
static int fb_width, fb_height;
// 颜色宏:RGB565 格式
#define RGB565(r,g,b) ((((r)>>3)<<11) | (((g)>>2)<<5) | ((b)>>3))
#define COLOR_RED RGB565(255,0,0)
#define COLOR_GREEN RGB565(0,255,0)
#define COLOR_BLUE RGB565(0,0,255)
#define COLOR_WHITE RGB565(255,255,255)
#define COLOR_BLACK 0x0000
// 初始化帧缓冲设备
int fb_init(void) {
fb_fd = open("/dev/fb0", O_RDWR);
if (fb_fd < 0) {
perror("open /dev/fb0");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vinfo) < 0) {
perror("ioctl FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO");
close(fb_fd);
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &finfo) < 0) {
perror("ioctl FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO");
close(fb_fd);
return -1;
}
fb_width = vinfo.xres;
fb_height = vinfo.yres;
fb_size = fb_width * fb_height * vinfo.bits_per_pixel / 8;
printf("FB: %dx%d, %d bpp, line_len=%d\n", fb_width, fb_height, vinfo.bits_per_pixel, finfo.line_length);
fb_mem = mmap(0, fb_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fb_fd, 0);
if (fb_mem == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap");
close(fb_fd);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
// 关闭帧缓冲设备
void fb_deinit(void) {
if (fb_mem) munmap(fb_mem, fb_size);
if (fb_fd >= 0) close(fb_fd);
}
// 绘制像素(x, y)坐标,颜色 color(RGB565)
void fb_draw_pixel(int x, int y, uint16_t color) {
if (x >= 0 && x < fb_width && y >= 0 && y < fb_height)
fb_mem[y * fb_width + x] = color;
}
// 清屏为指定颜色
void fb_clear(uint16_t color) {
for (int i = 0; i < fb_width * fb_height; i++)
fb_mem[i] = color;
}
// 绘制矩形(填充)
void fb_fill_rect(int x, int y, int w, int h, uint16_t color) {
int x1 = (x < 0) ? 0 : x;
int y1 = (y < 0) ? 0 : y;
int x2 = (x + w > fb_width) ? fb_width : x + w;
int y2 = (y + h > fb_height) ? fb_height : y + h;
for (int i = y1; i < y2; i++)
for (int j = x1; j < x2; j++)
fb_mem[i * fb_width + j] = color;
}
// 绘制空心矩形框
void fb_draw_rect(int x, int y, int w, int h, uint16_t color) {
fb_fill_rect(x, y, w, 1, color); // 上边
fb_fill_rect(x, y + h - 1, w, 1, color); // 下边
fb_fill_rect(x, y, 1, h, color); // 左边
fb_fill_rect(x + w - 1, y, 1, h, color); // 右边
}
// 简易 8x8 字符点阵(仅 ASCII 可打印字符部分示例,这里只提供数字和部分字母)
static uint8_t font_8x8[95][8] = {0}; // 实际上需要完整字库,这里简化,只实现常用字母数字
// 预置一些常用字符(仅示例,实际需完整)
static uint8_t char_A[8] = {0x00, 0x18, 0x24, 0x42, 0x7E, 0x42, 0x42, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_B[8] = {0x7C, 0x42, 0x7C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_C[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_D[8] = {0x78, 0x44, 0x42, 0x42, 0x44, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_E[8] = {0x7E, 0x40, 0x7C, 0x40, 0x40, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_F[8] = {0x7E, 0x40, 0x7C, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_G[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x40, 0x4E, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_H[8] = {0x42, 0x42, 0x7E, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_I[8] = {0x3E, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_J[8] = {0x1F, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x44, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_K[8] = {0x42, 0x44, 0x48, 0x70, 0x48, 0x44, 0x42, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_L[8] = {0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_M[8] = {0x42, 0x66, 0x5A, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_N[8] = {0x42, 0x62, 0x52, 0x4A, 0x46, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_O[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_P[8] = {0x7C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x7C, 0x40, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_Q[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x52, 0x4C, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_R[8] = {0x7C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x7C, 0x44, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_S[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x20, 0x1C, 0x02, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_T[8] = {0x7E, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_U[8] = {0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_V[8] = {0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x24, 0x24, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_W[8] = {0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x5A, 0x66, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_X[8] = {0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x18, 0x24, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_Y[8] = {0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_Z[8] = {0x7E, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_0[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x46, 0x4A, 0x52, 0x62, 0x3C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_1[8] = {0x08, 0x18, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x1C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_2[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x02, 0x0C, 0x30, 0x40, 0x7E, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_3[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x02, 0x1C, 0x02, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_4[8] = {0x08, 0x18, 0x28, 0x48, 0x7E, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_5[8] = {0x7E, 0x40, 0x7C, 0x02, 0x02, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_6[8] = {0x3C, 0x40, 0x7C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_7[8] = {0x7E, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_8[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00};
static uint8_t char_9[8] = {0x3C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x3E, 0x02, 0x42, 0x3C, 0x00};
void fb_draw_char(int x, int y, char ch, uint16_t fg, uint16_t bg) {
uint8_t *glyph = NULL;
if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
switch(ch) {
case 'A': glyph = char_A; break;
case 'B': glyph = char_B; break;
case 'C': glyph = char_C; break;
case 'D': glyph = char_D; break;
case 'E': glyph = char_E; break;
case 'F': glyph = char_F; break;
case 'G': glyph = char_G; break;
case 'H': glyph = char_H; break;
case 'I': glyph = char_I; break;
case 'J': glyph = char_J; break;
case 'K': glyph = char_K; break;
case 'L': glyph = char_L; break;
case 'M': glyph = char_M; break;
case 'N': glyph = char_N; break;
case 'O': glyph = char_O; break;
case 'P': glyph = char_P; break;
case 'Q': glyph = char_Q; break;
case 'R': glyph = char_R; break;
case 'S': glyph = char_S; break;
case 'T': glyph = char_T; break;
case 'U': glyph = char_U; break;
case 'V': glyph = char_V; break;
case 'W': glyph = char_W; break;
case 'X': glyph = char_X; break;
case 'Y': glyph = char_Y; break;
case 'Z': glyph = char_Z; break;
}
} else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
switch(ch) {
case '0': glyph = char_0; break;
case '1': glyph = char_1; break;
case '2': glyph = char_2; break;
case '3': glyph = char_3; break;
case '4': glyph = char_4; break;
case '5': glyph = char_5; break;
case '6': glyph = char_6; break;
case '7': glyph = char_7; break;
case '8': glyph = char_8; break;
case '9': glyph = char_9; break;
}
} else {
// 其他字符(空格等)不绘制
return;
}
if (!glyph) return;
for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
uint8_t line = glyph[row];
for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
if (line & (0x80 >> col)) {
fb_draw_pixel(x + col, y + row, fg);
} else {
fb_draw_pixel(x + col, y + row, bg);
}
}
}
}
void fb_draw_string(int x, int y, const char *str, uint16_t fg, uint16_t bg) {
int cx = x;
int cy = y;
for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
if (str[i] == '\n') {
cx = x;
cy += 9; // 8像素高度+1行间距
continue;
}
fb_draw_char(cx, cy, str[i], fg, bg);
cx += 9; // 8像素宽度+1间距
if (cx + 8 > fb_width) {
cx = x;
cy += 9;
}
}
}
// 简单测试:显示一些图形和文字
void test_display(void) {
fb_clear(COLOR_BLACK);
// 画红色填充矩形
fb_fill_rect(10, 10, 100, 50, COLOR_RED);
// 画蓝色边框
fb_draw_rect(120, 10, 100, 50, COLOR_BLUE);
// 显示文字
fb_draw_string(10, 80, "Hello", COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLACK);
fb_draw_string(10, 95, "ST7735", COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK);
fb_draw_string(10, 110, "LCD", COLOR_BLUE, COLOR_BLACK);
// 显示数字和字母混合
fb_draw_string(10, 130, "A1B2C3", COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);
}
int main(void) {
if (fb_init() != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to init framebuffer\n");
return 1;
}
test_display();
// 保持显示10秒后退出(或按任意键)
printf("Display test. Press Enter to exit...\n");
getchar();
fb_deinit();
return 0;
}
2.2 Makefile
all:
loongarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o main main.c
clean:
rm -rf *.o main
2.3 编译应用程序
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/example/st7735_app$ make
loongarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o main main.c
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/example/st7735_app$ ll
-rwxrwxr-x 1 zhengyang zhengyang 20680 3月 24 14:26 main*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zhengyang zhengyang 1070 3月 24 14:23 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zhengyang zhengyang 71 3月 24 14:24 Makefile
三、测试
3.1 硬件接线
显示模块与龙芯2K0300开发板正确连接,接线如下:
| 屏幕引脚 | 功能 | 建议连接的龙芯GPIO | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| VCC | 电源 | 3.3V | 屏幕电源 |
| GND | 地 | GND | |
| D0 | SCLK | SPI1_SCLK (GPIO60) | SPI总线时钟 |
| D1 | MOSI | SPI1_MOSI(GPIO62) | SPI主机输出从机输入 |
| DC | 命令/数据选择 | GPIO48 | 用于区分命令和数据 |
| RST | 复位 | GPIO49 | 屏幕复位引脚 |
| CS | 片选 | SPI1_CSn(GPIO63) | SPI片选信号 |
3.2 烧录设备树
有关设备树的编译和烧录分别参考:
3.3 安装驱动
由于我们在内核配置环节将驱动配置到内核中了,因此需要重新编译内核并烧录内核。
3.3.1 编译内核
ubuntu宿主接重新编译内核:
zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ source ../set_env.sh && make uImage -j$(nproc)
3.3.2 烧录内核
久久派烧录内核:
root@buildroot:~$ scp zhengyang@172.23.34.186:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12/arch/loongarch/boot/uImage /boot/
root@buildroot:~$ reboot
查看设备节点文件:
root@buildroot:~$ ls /dev/fb0
3.4 应用程序测试
久久派开发板执行如下命令:
root@buildroot:~$ scp zhengyang@172.23.34.186:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/example/st7735_app/main ./
root@buildroot:~$ ./main
参考文章
[1] Linux内核分析——基于LoongArch架构(Linux-6.0).pdf
[5] 第四卷-文件系统开发手册.pdf
[6] 第五卷-qt相关解决方案.pdf
[7] LS2K0300久久派_V1.1板卡使用手册v1.2_20240705.pdf
[8] 龙芯2K300_301软件开源库
[9] 21届智能车走马观碑开源仓库

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