基于MATLAB的雨流计数法疲劳计算GUI可视化系统
1. 系统设计与GUI界面
1.1 主界面设计
classdef FatigueAnalysisGUI < matlab.apps.AppBase
% 疲劳分析GUI主类
properties (Access = public)
UIFigure matlab.ui.Figure
LoadButton matlab.ui.control.Button
ProcessButton matlab.ui.control.Button
ExportButton matlab.ui.control.Button
DataTable matlab.ui.control.Table
ResultsTable matlab.ui.control.Table
AxesRaw matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
AxesRainflow matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
AxesDamage matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
StatusLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
% 数据存储
RawData double
RainflowResults struct
MaterialData struct
end
methods (Access = private)
% 回调函数和其他方法将在这里定义
end
end
1.2 GUI布局代码
function createComponents(app)
% 创建主窗口
app.UIFigure = uifigure('Position', [100 100 1400 800], ...
'Name', '雨流计数法疲劳分析系统', ...
'Icon', 'fatigue_icon.png');
% 创建按钮面板
buttonPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [20 700 1360 80], ...
'Title', '控制面板');
% 加载数据按钮
app.LoadButton = uibutton(buttonPanel, 'push', ...
'Position', [20 20 100 40], ...
'Text', '加载数据', ...
'ButtonPushedFcn', createCallbackFcn(app, @LoadButtonPushed, true));
% 处理按钮
app.ProcessButton = uibutton(buttonPanel, 'push', ...
'Position', [140 20 100 40], ...
'Text', '雨流计数', ...
'ButtonPushedFcn', createCallbackFcn(app, @ProcessButtonPushed, true));
% 导出结果按钮
app.ExportButton = uibutton(buttonPanel, 'push', ...
'Position', [260 20 100 40], ...
'Text', '导出结果', ...
'ButtonPushedFcn', createCallbackFcn(app, @ExportButtonPushed, true));
% 材料选择下拉菜单
materialLabel = uilabel(buttonPanel, 'Position', [380 45 60 20], ...
'Text', '材料:');
app.MaterialDropdown = uidropdown(buttonPanel, ...
'Position', [440 20 120 40], ...
'Items', {'钢-低碳', '钢-合金', '铝-2024', '铝-7075', '钛合金', '自定义'});
% 状态标签
app.StatusLabel = uilabel(buttonPanel, 'Position', [600 45 400 20], ...
'Text', '就绪', 'FontColor', 'blue');
% 创建数据显示区域
dataPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [20 400 680 280], ...
'Title', '载荷数据');
app.DataTable = uitable(dataPanel, 'Position', [10 10 660 250]);
% 创建结果显示区域
resultsPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [720 400 660 280], ...
'Title', '雨流计数结果');
app.ResultsTable = uitable(resultsPanel, 'Position', [10 10 640 250]);
% 创建图形显示区域
% 原始数据图
app.AxesRaw = uiaxes(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [20 50 450 320]);
title(app.AxesRaw, '原始载荷时间历程');
xlabel(app.AxesRaw, '时间');
ylabel(app.AxesRaw, '载荷');
grid(app.AxesRaw, 'on');
% 雨流矩阵图
app.AxesRainflow = uiaxes(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [500 50 450 320]);
title(app.AxesRainflow, '雨流计数矩阵');
xlabel(app.AxesRainflow, '均值');
ylabel(app.AxesRainflow, '幅值');
grid(app.AxesRainflow, 'on');
% 损伤贡献图
app.AxesDamage = uiaxes(app.UIFigure, 'Position', [980 50 400 320]);
title(app.AxesDamage, '损伤贡献分布');
xlabel(app.AxesDamage, '循环类型');
ylabel(app.AxesDamage, '损伤度');
grid(app.AxesDamage, 'on');
end
2. 核心算法实现
2.1 雨流计数法核心算法
function results = rainflow_analysis(data, varargin)
% 雨流计数法分析
% 输入：
% data - 载荷时间序列
% varargin - 可选参数
% 输出：
% results - 包含分析结果的结构体
p = inputParser;
addParameter(p, 'Residual', 'conservative', @ischar); % 残余应力处理
addParameter(p, 'BinSize', 10, @isnumeric); % 分级大小
parse(p, varargin{:});
% 数据预处理 - 峰值谷值提取
[peaks_valleys, indices] = extract_peaks_valleys(data);
% 雨流计数主循环
cycles = [];
residual = [];
history = peaks_valleys;
while length(history) > 1
i = 2;
while i <= length(history)-1
% 检查三个连续点是否构成一个循环
X = abs(history(i-1) - history(i));
Y = abs(history(i) - history(i+1));
if X <= Y && i > 1
% 找到一个循环
range_val = abs(history(i-1) - history(i));
mean_val = (history(i-1) + history(i)) / 2;
cycle = struct();
cycle.range = range_val;
cycle.mean = mean_val;
cycle.count = 0.5; % 半循环
cycle.points = [history(i-1), history(i)];
cycles = [cycles; cycle];
% 从历史中移除这个循环的点
history(i-1:i) = [];
i = max(2, i-1);
else
i = i + 1;
end
end
% 残余应力处理
if length(residual) < length(history)
residual = history;
else
break;
end
end
% 处理残余序列
if strcmp(p.Results.Residual, 'conservative')
% 将残余序列作为半循环处理
for i = 1:length(residual)-1
range_val = abs(residual(i) - residual(i+1));
mean_val = (residual(i) + residual(i+1)) / 2;
cycle = struct();
cycle.range = range_val;
cycle.mean = mean_val;
cycle.count = 0.5;
cycle.points = [residual(i), residual(i+1)];
cycles = [cycles; cycle];
end
end
% 合并半循环为全循环
results = combine_half_cycles(cycles);
% 分级统计
results.binned_cycles = bin_cycles(results.full_cycles, p.Results.BinSize);
% 计算统计信息
results.statistics = calculate_statistics(results);
end
function [peaks_valleys, indices] = extract_peaks_valleys(data)
% 提取峰值和谷值点
% 找到所有的局部极值点
diff1 = diff(data);
diff2 = diff(diff1);
% 找到转折点 (峰值和谷值)
turning_points = [];
for i = 2:length(data)-1
if (data(i) > data(i-1) && data(i) > data(i+1)) || ... % 峰值
(data(i) < data(i-1) && data(i) < data(i+1)) % 谷值
turning_points = [turning_points, i];
end
end
% 包括第一个和最后一个点
turning_points = [1, turning_points, length(data)];
% 移除连续重复的转折点
unique_points = turning_points(1);
for i = 2:length(turning_points)
if data(turning_points(i)) ~= data(unique_points(end))
unique_points = [unique_points, turning_points(i)];
end
end
peaks_valleys = data(unique_points);
indices = unique_points;
end
function results = combine_half_cycles(half_cycles)
% 合并半循环为全循环
full_cycles = [];
used = false(length(half_cycles), 1);
for i = 1:length(half_cycles)
if used(i), continue; end
for j = i+1:length(half_cycles)
if used(j), continue; end
% 检查是否构成完整的循环
if abs(half_cycles(i).range - half_cycles(j).range) < 1e-6 && ...
abs(half_cycles(i).mean - half_cycles(j).mean) < 1e-6
full_cycle = half_cycles(i);
full_cycle.count = 1.0; % 全循环
full_cycles = [full_cycles; full_cycle];
used(i) = true;
used(j) = true;
break;
end
end
% 如果没有找到匹配的半循环，保留为半循环
if ~used(i)
full_cycles = [full_cycles; half_cycles(i)];
end
end
results.full_cycles = full_cycles;
end
function binned_cycles = bin_cycles(full_cycles, bin_size)
% 对循环进行分级统计
ranges = [full_cycles.range];
means = [full_cycles.mean];
counts = [full_cycles.count];
% 创建分级边界
max_range = max(ranges);
max_mean = max(means);
min_mean = min(means);
range_bins = 0:bin_size:ceil(max_range/bin_size)*bin_size;
mean_bins = floor(min_mean/bin_size)*bin_size:bin_size:ceil(max_mean/bin_size)*bin_size;
% 初始化分级矩阵
binned_cycles = zeros(length(mean_bins)-1, length(range_bins)-1);
% 统计每个分级的循环次数
for i = 1:length(full_cycles)
range_idx = find(range_bins(1:end-1) <= full_cycles(i).range & ...
range_bins(2:end) > full_cycles(i).range, 1);
mean_idx = find(mean_bins(1:end-1) <= full_cycles(i).mean & ...
mean_bins(2:end) > full_cycles(i).mean, 1);
if ~isempty(range_idx) && ~isempty(mean_idx)
binned_cycles(mean_idx, range_idx) = ...
binned_cycles(mean_idx, range_idx) + full_cycles(i).count;
end
end
binned_cycles = struct();
binned_cycles.matrix = binned_cycles;
binned_cycles.range_bins = range_bins;
binned_cycles.mean_bins = mean_bins;
end
function stats = calculate_statistics(results)
% 计算统计信息
ranges = [results.full_cycles.range];
means = [results.full_cycles.mean];
counts = [results.full_cycles.count];
stats.total_cycles = sum(counts);
stats.max_range = max(ranges);
stats.min_range = min(ranges);
stats.mean_range = mean(ranges);
stats.max_mean = max(means);
stats.min_mean = min(means);
stats.mean_mean = mean(means);
% 等效载荷计算
m = 3; % 典型的S-N曲线斜率 (对于钢材)
equivalent_load = (sum(ranges.^m .* counts) / sum(counts))^(1/m);
stats.equivalent_load = equivalent_load;
end
2.2 疲劳损伤计算
function damage_results = fatigue_damage_analysis(rainflow_results, material)
% 疲劳损伤分析
% 输入：
% rainflow_results - 雨流计数结果
% material - 材料参数
full_cycles = rainflow_results.full_cycles;
ranges = [full_cycles.range];
counts = [full_cycles.count];
% 初始化损伤结果
damage_results = struct();
damage_results.cycle_damage = zeros(size(ranges));
damage_results.total_damage = 0;
damage_results.life_cycles = Inf;
% 根据材料类型选择S-N曲线参数
switch material.type
case '钢-低碳'
S_ref = 1000; % MPa - 参考应力
N_ref = 1e6; % 参考寿命
m = 3.0; % S-N曲线斜率
k = 0; % 均值应力修正参数
case '钢-合金'
S_ref = 1200;
N_ref = 1e6;
m = 3.5;
k = 0.1;
case '铝-2024'
S_ref = 400;
N_ref = 5e6;
m = 4.0;
k = 0.2;
case '铝-7075'
S_ref = 500;
N_ref = 5e6;
m = 4.2;
k = 0.15;
case '钛合金'
S_ref = 800;
N_ref = 1e6;
m = 3.8;
k = 0.05;
otherwise
% 自定义材料参数
S_ref = material.S_ref;
N_ref = material.N_ref;
m = material.m;
k = material.k;
end
% 计算每个循环的损伤
total_damage = 0;
for i = 1:length(ranges)
% 考虑均值应力影响的Goodman修正
mean_stress = [full_cycles(i).mean];
if mean_stress > 0
equivalent_range = ranges(i) / (1 - mean_stress / material.ultimate_strength);
else
equivalent_range = ranges(i);
end
% 计算该应力水平下的寿命
N_i = N_ref * (S_ref / equivalent_range)^m;
% 计算损伤
if N_i > 0
cycle_damage = counts(i) / N_i;
damage_results.cycle_damage(i) = cycle_damage;
total_damage = total_damage + cycle_damage;
end
end
damage_results.total_damage = total_damage;
% 计算预测寿命
if total_damage > 0
damage_results.life_cycles = 1 / total_damage;
end
% 损伤贡献分析
[~, damage_sort_idx] = sort(damage_results.cycle_damage, 'descend');
damage_results.top_damage_contributors = damage_sort_idx(1:min(10, length(damage_sort_idx)));
end
3. GUI回调函数实现
3.1 数据加载回调
function LoadButtonPushed(app, ~)
% 加载数据按钮回调函数
try
% 打开文件选择对话框
[filename, pathname] = uigetfile({...
'*.txt;*.csv;*.xlsx;*.xls', '数据文件 (*.txt, *.csv, *.xlsx, *.xls)'; ...
'*.txt', '文本文件 (*.txt)'; ...
'*.csv', 'CSV文件 (*.csv)'; ...
'*.xlsx', 'Excel文件 (*.xlsx)'}, ...
'选择载荷数据文件');
if isequal(filename, 0)
app.StatusLabel.Text = '用户取消选择';
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'blue';
return;
end
fullpath = fullfile(pathname, filename);
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('正在加载文件: %s', filename);
drawnow;
% 根据文件类型加载数据
[~, ~, ext] = fileparts(filename);
switch lower(ext)
case {'.txt', '.csv'}
% 加载文本或CSV文件
data = load(fullpath);
if size(data, 2) > 1
% 如果有多列，使用第一列作为时间，第二列作为载荷
app.RawData = data(:, 2);
time_vector = data(:, 1);
else
app.RawData = data;
time_vector = (1:length(data))';
end
case {'.xlsx', '.xls'}
% 加载Excel文件
data = readtable(fullpath);
app.RawData = table2array(data(:, 2)); % 假设第二列是载荷
time_vector = table2array(data(:, 1)); % 假设第一列是时间
otherwise
error('不支持的文件格式');
end
% 更新数据表格
table_data = [time_vector, app.RawData];
app.DataTable.Data = array2table(table_data, ...
'VariableNames', {'时间', '载荷'});
% 绘制原始数据
plot(app.AxesRaw, time_vector, app.RawData, 'b-', 'LineWidth', 1);
title(app.AxesRaw, sprintf('原始载荷数据 - %s', filename));
xlabel(app.AxesRaw, '时间');
ylabel(app.AxesRaw, '载荷');
grid(app.AxesRaw, 'on');
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('数据加载成功: %d 个数据点', length(app.RawData));
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'green';
catch ME
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('加载失败: %s', ME.message);
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'red';
uialert(app.UIFigure, ME.message, '数据加载错误');
end
end
3.2 雨流计数处理回调
function ProcessButtonPushed(app, ~)
% 雨流计数处理按钮回调函数
if isempty(app.RawData)
uialert(app.UIFigure, '请先加载数据', '数据错误');
return;
end
try
app.StatusLabel.Text = '正在进行雨流计数分析...';
drawnow;
% 执行雨流计数分析
app.RainflowResults = rainflow_analysis(app.RawData, 'BinSize', 10);
% 更新结果表格
cycles_data = [];
for i = 1:length(app.RainflowResults.full_cycles)
cycle = app.RainflowResults.full_cycles(i);
cycles_data(i, :) = [cycle.range, cycle.mean, cycle.count];
end
app.ResultsTable.Data = array2table(cycles_data, ...
'VariableNames', {'应力幅值', '平均应力', '循环次数'});
% 绘制雨流矩阵图
plot_rainflow_matrix(app);
% 进行疲劳损伤分析
material = get_material_parameters(app.MaterialDropdown.Value);
damage_results = fatigue_damage_analysis(app.RainflowResults, material);
% 绘制损伤贡献图
plot_damage_contribution(app, damage_results);
% 显示统计信息
show_statistics_dialog(app, damage_results);
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('分析完成 - 总损伤: %.6f', damage_results.total_damage);
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'green';
catch ME
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('分析失败: %s', ME.message);
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'red';
uialert(app.UIFigure, ME.message, '分析错误');
end
end
function plot_rainflow_matrix(app)
% 绘制雨流计数矩阵图
binned = app.RainflowResults.binned_cycles;
matrix = binned.matrix;
% 创建热图
imagesc(app.AxesRainflow, matrix);
% 设置坐标轴标签
range_centers = (binned.range_bins(1:end-1) + binned.range_bins(2:end)) / 2;
mean_centers = (binned.mean_bins(1:end-1) + binned.mean_bins(2:end)) / 2;
[X, Y] = meshgrid(range_centers, mean_centers);
contourf(app.AxesRainflow, X, Y, matrix, 20, 'LineColor', 'none');
colorbar(app.AxesRainflow);
title(app.AxesRainflow, '雨流计数矩阵');
xlabel(app.AxesRainflow, '应力幅值');
ylabel(app.AxesRainflow, '平均应力');
% 添加等高线
hold(app.AxesRainflow, 'on');
contour(app.AxesRainflow, X, Y, matrix, 10, 'LineColor', 'black', 'LineWidth', 0.5);
hold(app.AxesRainflow, 'off');
end
function plot_damage_contribution(app, damage_results)
% 绘制损伤贡献分布图
top_contributors = damage_results.top_damage_contributors;
cycle_damage = damage_results.cycle_damage(top_contributors);
% 创建条形图
bar(app.AxesDamage, cycle_damage, 'FaceColor', 'red', 'EdgeColor', 'black');
% 添加标签
labels = cell(length(top_contributors), 1);
for i = 1:length(top_contributors)
idx = top_contributors(i);
cycle = app.RainflowResults.full_cycles(idx);
labels{i} = sprintf('%.1f/%.1f', cycle.range, cycle.mean);
end
set(app.AxesDamage, 'XTickLabel', labels);
xtickangle(app.AxesDamage, 45);
title(app.AxesDamage, '前10大损伤贡献循环');
xlabel(app.AxesDamage, '循环类型 (幅值/均值)');
ylabel(app.AxesDamage, '损伤度');
grid(app.AxesDamage, 'on');
end
3.3 材料参数获取
function material = get_material_parameters(material_name)
% 根据材料名称获取材料参数
material = struct();
material.type = material_name;
switch material_name
case '钢-低碳'
material.S_ref = 1000; % MPa
material.N_ref = 1e6;
material.m = 3.0;
material.k = 0;
material.ultimate_strength = 400;
case '钢-合金'
material.S_ref = 1200;
material.N_ref = 1e6;
material.m = 3.5;
material.k = 0.1;
material.ultimate_strength = 800;
case '铝-2024'
material.S_ref = 400;
material.N_ref = 5e6;
material.m = 4.0;
material.k = 0.2;
material.ultimate_strength = 300;
case '铝-7075'
material.S_ref = 500;
material.N_ref = 5e6;
material.m = 4.2;
material.k = 0.15;
material.ultimate_strength = 350;
case '钛合金'
material.S_ref = 800;
material.N_ref = 1e6;
material.m = 3.8;
material.k = 0.05;
material.ultimate_strength = 900;
case '自定义'
% 弹出对话框让用户输入自定义参数
material = get_custom_material_parameters();
end
end
function material = get_custom_material_parameters()
% 获取自定义材料参数
prompt = {...
'参考应力 S_ref (MPa):', ...
'参考寿命 N_ref:', ...
'S-N曲线斜率 m:', ...
'均值应力修正系数 k:', ...
'极限强度 (MPa):'};
dlgtitle = '自定义材料参数';
dims = [1 35];
definput = {'1000', '1000000', '3.0', '0', '500'};
answer = inputdlg(prompt, dlgtitle, dims, definput);
if isempty(answer)
error('用户取消了材料参数输入');
end
material = struct();
material.type = '自定义';
material.S_ref = str2double(answer{1});
material.N_ref = str2double(answer{2});
material.m = str2double(answer{3});
material.k = str2double(answer{4});
material.ultimate_strength = str2double(answer{5});
end
4. 结果导出与报告生成
function ExportButtonPushed(app, ~)
% 导出结果按钮回调函数
if isempty(app.RainflowResults)
uialert(app.UIFigure, '请先进行雨流计数分析', '数据错误');
return;
end
try
% 选择保存位置
[filename, pathname] = uiputfile({...
'*.xlsx', 'Excel文件 (*.xlsx)'; ...
'*.pdf', 'PDF报告 (*.pdf)'; ...
'*.mat', 'MAT文件 (*.mat)'}, ...
'保存分析结果');
if isequal(filename, 0)
return;
end
fullpath = fullfile(pathname, filename);
[~, ~, ext] = fileparts(filename);
app.StatusLabel.Text = '正在导出结果...';
drawnow;
switch lower(ext)
case '.xlsx'
export_to_excel(app, fullpath);
case '.pdf'
export_to_pdf(app, fullpath);
case '.mat'
export_to_mat(app, fullpath);
otherwise
error('不支持的导出格式');
end
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('结果已导出: %s', filename);
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'green';
catch ME
app.StatusLabel.Text = sprintf('导出失败: %s', ME.message);
app.StatusLabel.FontColor = 'red';
uialert(app.UIFigure, ME.message, '导出错误');
end
end
function export_to_excel(app, filename)
% 导出结果到Excel文件
% 创建Excel文件
warning('off', 'MATLAB:xlswrite:AddSheet');
% 写入原始数据
xlswrite(filename, {'时间', '载荷'}, '原始数据');
xlswrite(filename, app.DataTable.Data, '原始数据', 'A2');
% 写入雨流计数结果
header = {'应力幅值', '平均应力', '循环次数'};
xlswrite(filename, header, '雨流计数结果');
xlswrite(filename, app.ResultsTable.Data, '雨流计数结果', 'A2');
% 写入统计信息
stats = app.RainflowResults.statistics;
stat_data = {...
'总循环数', stats.total_cycles; ...
'最大应力幅值', stats.max_range; ...
'最小应力幅值', stats.min_range; ...
'平均应力幅值', stats.mean_range; ...
'等效载荷', stats.equivalent_load};
xlswrite(filename, {'统计信息', ''}, '统计信息');
xlswrite(filename, stat_data, '统计信息', 'A2');
warning('on', 'MATLAB:xlswrite:AddSheet');
end
5. 使用示例
% 主程序启动函数
function start_fatigue_analysis_gui()
% 启动疲劳分析GUI
% 检查是否在App Designer环境中运行
if exist('matlab.apps.AppBase', 'class')
% 在App Designer中运行
app = FatigueAnalysisGUI();
else
% 在传统GUI中运行
create_legacy_gui();
end
end
% 传统GUI版本（兼容旧版MATLAB）
function create_legacy_gui()
% 创建传统版本的GUI
fig = figure('Position', [100 100 1400 800], ...
'Name', '雨流计数法疲劳分析系统', ...
'NumberTitle', 'off', ...
'MenuBar', 'none', ...
'ToolBar', 'none');
% 创建简单的界面组件
uicontrol('Style', 'pushbutton', ...
'Position', [20 750 100 30], ...
'String', '加载数据', ...
'Callback', @load_data_callback);
uicontrol('Style', 'pushbutton', ...
'Position', [140 750 100 30], ...
'String', '雨流计数', ...
'Callback', @rainflow_analysis_callback);
% 添加其他组件...
% 存储应用数据
appdata = struct();
appdata.fig = fig;
guidata(fig, appdata);
end
% 启动GUI
start_fatigue_analysis_gui();
参考代码 雨流计数法疲劳计算GUI可视化 www.youwenfan.com/contentcni/64596.html
6. 系统特点
- 用户友好界面：直观的GUI设计，便于工程技术人员使用
- 完整分析流程：从数据加载到疲劳寿命预测的全流程分析
- 多种材料支持：内置常见工程材料的疲劳参数
- 丰富可视化：提供多种图形展示分析结果
- 灵活数据导出：支持多种格式的结果导出
- 专业算法：基于标准的雨流计数法和Miner线性累积损伤理论
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