从零实现跨平台 3D 引擎架构方案
Wengine：从零实现跨平台 3D 引擎架构方案
1. 核心哲学：硬件无关的抽象层次
1.1 设计原则
// 核心原则：通过抽象层隔离硬件差异
// 层次结构：
// 应用层 → 引擎抽象层 → 平台适配层 → 硬件驱动层
// 关键：只使用 Rust 标准库，通过 FFI 调用系统 API
2. 项目目录结构
wengine/
├── Cargo.toml
├── src/
│ ├── main.rs # 入口点
│ ├── lib.rs # 库入口
│ │
│ ├── core/ # 核心抽象层（100% 平台无关）
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── types.rs # 基础类型定义
│ │ ├── math/ # 数学库
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── vector.rs # 向量运算
│ │ │ ├── matrix.rs # 矩阵运算
│ │ │ ├── quaternion.rs # 四元数
│ │ │ └── aabb.rs # 包围盒
│ │ ├── memory/ # 内存管理
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── allocator.rs # 自定义分配器
│ │ │ ├── pool.rs # 内存池
│ │ │ └── arena.rs # 区域分配器
│ │ └── threading/ # 线程管理
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── pool.rs # 线程池
│ │ └── scheduler.rs # 任务调度器
│ │
│ ├── platform/ # 平台抽象层
│ │ ├── mod.rs # 平台检测和选择
│ │ ├── traits.rs # 平台 trait 定义
│ │ ├── windows/ # Windows 实现
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── window.rs # Win32 窗口
│ │ │ ├── display.rs # DXGI 显示
│ │ │ ├── input.rs # 输入处理
│ │ │ └── ffi.rs # Win32 FFI 绑定
│ │ ├── macos/ # macOS 实现
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── window.rs # Cocoa 窗口
│ │ │ ├── display.rs # Metal 显示
│ │ │ ├── input.rs # 输入处理
│ │ │ └── ffi.rs # Objective-C FFI
│ │ ├── linux/ # Linux 实现
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── window.rs # X11/Wayland 窗口
│ │ │ ├── display.rs # Vulkan 显示
│ │ │ ├── input.rs # 输入处理
│ │ │ └── ffi.rs # X11/Vulkan FFI
│ │ ├── android/ # Android 实现
│ │ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ │ ├── window.rs # ANativeWindow
│ │ │ ├── display.rs # Vulkan 显示
│ │ │ └── ffi.rs # JNI FFI
│ │ └── web/ # Web 实现
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── window.rs # Canvas
│ │ ├── display.rs # WebGL/WebGPU
│ │ └── ffi.rs # WebAssembly FFI
│ │
│ ├── gpu/ # GPU 抽象层
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── traits.rs # GPU trait 定义
│ │ ├── device.rs # 设备抽象
│ │ ├── command.rs # 命令缓冲
│ │ ├── buffer.rs # 缓冲区
│ │ ├── texture.rs # 纹理
│ │ ├── pipeline.rs # 管线
│ │ ├── shader.rs # 着色器
│ │ └── backend/ # GPU 后端实现
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── directx12/ # DirectX 12 后端
│ │ ├── metal/ # Metal 后端
│ │ ├── vulkan/ # Vulkan 后端
│ │ └── webgpu/ # WebGPU 后端
│ │
│ ├── render/ # 渲染引擎
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── renderer.rs # 渲染器
│ │ ├── scene.rs # 场景管理
│ │ ├── camera.rs # 相机系统
│ │ ├── mesh.rs # 网格管理
│ │ ├── material.rs # 材质系统
│ │ ├── lighting.rs # 光照系统
│ │ ├── shadow.rs # 阴影系统
│ │ ├── postprocess.rs # 后处理
│ │ └── pipeline/ # 渲染管线
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── forward.rs # 前向渲染
│ │ ├── deferred.rs # 延迟渲染
│ │ └── hybrid.rs # 混合渲染
│ │
│ ├── scene/ # 场景图系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── node.rs # 场景节点
│ │ ├── transform.rs # 变换系统
│ │ ├── culling.rs # 剔除系统
│ │ └── lod.rs # LOD 系统
│ │
│ ├── asset/ # 资源管理
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── manager.rs # 资源管理器
│ │ ├── loader.rs # 资源加载器
│ │ ├── cache.rs # 资源缓存
│ │ └── formats/ # 资源格式
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── mesh.rs # 网格格式
│ │ ├── texture.rs # 纹理格式
│ │ └── material.rs # 材质格式
│ │
│ ├── animation/ # 动画系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── skeletal.rs # 骨骼动画
│ │ ├── blend.rs # 动画混合
│ │ └── state_machine.rs # 状态机
│ │
│ ├── physics/ # 物理系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── collision.rs # 碰撞检测
│ │ ├── dynamics.rs # 动力学
│ │ └── constraints.rs # 约束
│ │
│ ├── audio/ # 音频系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── device.rs # 音频设备
│ │ ├── mixer.rs # 混音器
│ │ └── codec.rs # 编解码器
│ │
│ ├── input/ # 输入系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── keyboard.rs # 键盘
│ │ ├── mouse.rs # 鼠标
│ │ ├── touch.rs # 触摸
│ │ └── gamepad.rs # 游戏手柄
│ │
│ ├── ui/ # UI 系统
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── widget.rs # 组件基类
│ │ ├── layout.rs # 布局系统
│ │ ├── style.rs # 样式系统
│ │ └── text.rs # 文本渲染
│ │
│ ├── editor/ # 引擎编辑器
│ │ ├── mod.rs
│ │ ├── viewport.rs # 视口
│ │ ├── hierarchy.rs # 层级面板
│ │ ├── inspector.rs # 属性面板
│ │ └── asset_browser.rs # 资源浏览器
│ │
│ └── utils/ # 工具库
│ ├── mod.rs
│ ├── logger.rs # 日志系统
│ ├── profiler.rs # 性能分析器
│ ├── serializer.rs # 序列化
│ └── timer.rs # 计时器
3. 核心抽象层实现
3.1 平台无关的基础类型
// src/core/types.rs
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
// 基础句柄类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Handle<T> {
index: u32,
generation: u32,
_phantom: PhantomData<T>,
}
// 泛型资源池
pub struct ResourcePool<T> {
items: Vec<PoolEntry<T>>,
free_list: Vec<u32>,
}
struct PoolEntry<T> {
data: Option<T>,
generation: u32,
}
impl<T> ResourcePool<T> {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
items: Vec::new(),
free_list: Vec::new(),
}
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, item: T) -> Handle<T> {
if let Some(index) = self.free_list.pop() {
let entry = &mut self.items[index as usize];
entry.data = Some(item);
entry.generation += 1;
Handle {
index,
generation: entry.generation,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
} else {
let index = self.items.len() as u32;
self.items.push(PoolEntry {
data: Some(item),
generation: 0,
});
Handle {
index,
generation: 0,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
}
pub fn get(&self, handle: Handle<T>) -> Option<&T> {
self.items.get(handle.index as usize)
.and_then(|entry| {
if entry.generation == handle.generation {
entry.data.as_ref()
} else {
None
}
})
}
pub fn remove(&mut self, handle: Handle<T>) -> Option<T> {
if let Some(entry) = self.items.get_mut(handle.index as usize) {
if entry.generation == handle.generation {
let item = entry.data.take();
self.free_list.push(handle.index);
return item;
}
}
None
}
}
3.2 自定义内存分配器
// src/core/memory/allocator.rs
use std::alloc::{alloc, dealloc, Layout};
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
// 内存对齐分配器
pub struct AlignedAllocator {
alignment: usize,
total_allocated: AtomicUsize,
}
impl AlignedAllocator {
pub fn new(alignment: usize) -> Self {
Self {
alignment,
total_allocated: AtomicUsize::new(0),
}
}
pub fn allocate<T>(&self) -> Option<NonNull<T>> {
let layout = Layout::from_size_align(
std::mem::size_of::<T>(),
self.alignment,
).ok()?;
unsafe {
let ptr = alloc(layout);
if ptr.is_null() {
None
} else {
self.total_allocated.fetch_add(layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
Some(NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr as *mut T))
}
}
}
pub fn deallocate<T>(&self, ptr: NonNull<T>) {
let layout = Layout::from_size_align(
std::mem::size_of::<T>(),
self.alignment,
).unwrap();
unsafe {
dealloc(ptr.as_ptr() as *mut u8, layout);
self.total_allocated.fetch_sub(layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
}
}
}
// 内存池
pub struct MemoryPool<T> {
chunks: Vec<Vec<T>>,
chunk_size: usize,
free_indices: Vec<(usize, usize)>, // (chunk, index)
allocated: usize,
}
impl<T: Default> MemoryPool<T> {
pub fn new(chunk_size: usize) -> Self {
Self {
chunks: Vec::new(),
chunk_size,
free_indices: Vec::new(),
allocated: 0,
}
}
pub fn allocate(&mut self) -> usize {
if let Some((chunk_idx, item_idx)) = self.free_indices.pop() {
self.chunks[chunk_idx][item_idx] = T::default();
self.allocated += 1;
chunk_idx * self.chunk_size + item_idx
} else {
let chunk_idx = self.chunks.len();
self.chunks.push((0..self.chunk_size).map(|_| T::default()).collect());
self.allocated += 1;
chunk_idx * self.chunk_size
}
}
pub fn free(&mut self, index: usize) {
let chunk_idx = index / self.chunk_size;
let item_idx = index % self.chunk_size;
self.free_indices.push((chunk_idx, item_idx));
self.allocated -= 1;
}
}
4. 平台抽象层
4.1 窗口系统抽象
// src/platform/traits.rs
pub trait WindowSystem: Send + Sync {
type Window: Window;
type Display: Display;
type EventLoop: EventLoop;
fn init() -> Result<Self, PlatformError>;
fn create_window(&self, config: &WindowConfig) -> Result<Self::Window, PlatformError>;
fn create_event_loop(&self) -> Self::EventLoop;
}
pub trait Window: Send + Sync {
fn set_title(&self, title: &str);
fn set_size(&self, width: u32, height: u32);
fn get_size(&self) -> (u32, u32);
fn show(&self);
fn hide(&self);
fn request_redraw(&self);
fn handle(&self) -> WindowHandle;
}
pub trait Display: Send + Sync {
fn get_resolution(&self) -> (u32, u32);
fn get_refresh_rate(&self) -> f32;
fn get_gpu_info(&self) -> GPUInfo;
}
pub trait EventLoop: Send + Sync {
fn run<F>(&mut self, callback: F)
where
F: FnMut(Event) -> bool + Send;
}
4.2 Windows 平台实现
// src/platform/windows/window.rs
use std::ffi::{c_void, OsStr};
use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;
use std::ptr;
// Win32 API 常量
const CW_USEDEFAULT: i32 = 0x80000000;
const WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: u32 = 0x00CF0000;
const SW_SHOW: i32 = 5;
const WM_CLOSE: u32 = 0x0010;
const WM_DESTROY: u32 = 0x0002;
const WM_SIZE: u32 = 0x0005;
const WM_PAINT: u32 = 0x000F;
// Win32 FFI 声明
#[link(name = "user32")]
extern "system" {
fn RegisterClassW(lpWndClass: *const WNDCLASSW) -> u16;
fn CreateWindowExW(
dwExStyle: u32,
lpClassName: *const u16,
lpWindowName: *const u16,
dwStyle: u32,
x: i32,
y: i32,
nWidth: i32,
nHeight: i32,
hWndParent: *mut c_void,
hMenu: *mut c_void,
hInstance: *mut c_void,
lpParam: *mut c_void,
) -> *mut c_void;
fn DefWindowProcW(hwnd: *mut c_void, msg: u32, wparam: usize, lparam: isize) -> isize;
fn ShowWindow(hwnd: *mut c_void, ncmdshow: i32) -> i32;
fn GetMessageW(msg: *mut MSG, hwnd: *mut c_void, min: u32, max: u32) -> i32;
fn TranslateMessage(msg: *const MSG) -> i32;
fn DispatchMessageW(msg: *const MSG) -> isize;
fn PostQuitMessage(exit_code: i32);
}
#[repr(C)]
struct WNDCLASSW {
style: u32,
lpfnWndProc: WndProc,
cbClsExtra: i32,
cbWndExtra: i32,
hInstance: *mut c_void,
hIcon: *mut c_void,
hCursor: *mut c_void,
hbrBackground: *mut c_void,
lpszMenuName: *const u16,
lpszClassName: *const u16,
}
type WndProc = extern "system" fn(*mut c_void, u32, usize, isize) -> isize;
#[repr(C)]
struct MSG {
hwnd: *mut c_void,
message: u32,
wparam: usize,
lparam: isize,
time: u32,
pt: POINT,
}
#[repr(C)]
struct POINT {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
pub struct Win32Window {
hwnd: *mut c_void,
title: String,
width: u32,
height: u32,
}
impl Win32Window {
pub fn create(config: &WindowConfig) -> Result<Self, PlatformError> {
unsafe {
let class_name: Vec<u16> = OsStr::new("WengineWindow")
.encode_wide()
.chain(Some(0))
.collect();
let title_wide: Vec<u16> = OsStr::new(&config.title)
.encode_wide()
.chain(Some(0))
.collect();
let wnd_class = WNDCLASSW {
style: 0,
lpfnWndProc: window_proc,
cbClsExtra: 0,
cbWndExtra: 0,
hInstance: ptr::null_mut(),
hIcon: ptr::null_mut(),
hCursor: ptr::null_mut(),
hbrBackground: ptr::null_mut(),
lpszMenuName: ptr::null(),
lpszClassName: class_name.as_ptr(),
};
RegisterClassW(&wnd_class);
let hwnd = CreateWindowExW(
0,
class_name.as_ptr(),
title_wide.as_ptr(),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
config.width as i32,
config.height as i32,
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
);
if hwnd.is_null() {
return Err(PlatformError::WindowCreationFailed);
}
Ok(Self {
hwnd,
title: config.title.clone(),
width: config.width,
height: config.height,
})
}
}
}
extern "system" fn window_proc(
hwnd: *mut c_void,
msg: u32,
wparam: usize,
lparam: isize,
) -> isize {
unsafe {
match msg {
WM_CLOSE | WM_DESTROY => {
PostQuitMessage(0);
0
}
_ => DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam),
}
}
}
5. GPU 抽象层
5.1 GPU 设备抽象
// src/gpu/traits.rs
pub trait GPUDevice: Send + Sync {
type Buffer: GPUBuffer;
type Texture: GPUTexture;
type Pipeline: GPUPipeline;
type CommandBuffer: GPUCommandBuffer;
type Shader: GPUShader;
type Fence: GPUFence;
fn create_buffer(&self, desc: &BufferDesc) -> Result<Self::Buffer, GPUError>;
fn create_texture(&self, desc: &TextureDesc) -> Result<Self::Texture, GPUError>;
fn create_pipeline(&self, desc: &PipelineDesc) -> Result<Self::Pipeline, GPUError>;
fn create_command_buffer(&self) -> Self::CommandBuffer;
fn create_shader(&self, source: &str, stage: ShaderStage) -> Result<Self::Shader, GPUError>;
fn create_fence(&self) -> Self::Fence;
fn submit(&self, commands: Vec<Self::CommandBuffer>);
fn wait_for_fence(&self, fence: &Self::Fence);
}
pub trait GPUBuffer: Send + Sync {
fn write(&self, data: &[u8], offset: u64);
fn read(&self, data: &mut [u8], offset: u64);
fn get_size(&self) -> u64;
fn map(&self) -> *mut u8;
fn unmap(&self);
}
pub trait GPUTexture: Send + Sync {
fn get_dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32);
fn get_format(&self) -> TextureFormat;
fn upload(&self, data: &[u8], mip_level: u32);
}
pub trait GPUPipeline: Send + Sync {
fn bind(&self, command_buffer: &mut dyn GPUCommandBuffer);
fn get_layout(&self) -> &PipelineLayout;
}
pub trait GPUCommandBuffer: Send + Sync {
fn begin(&mut self);
fn end(&mut self);
fn bind_pipeline(&mut self, pipeline: &dyn GPUPipeline);
fn bind_vertex_buffer(&mut self, buffer: &dyn GPUBuffer);
fn bind_index_buffer(&mut self, buffer: &dyn GPUBuffer);
fn draw(&mut self, vertex_count: u32, instance_count: u32);
fn draw_indexed(&mut self, index_count: u32, instance_count: u32);
fn dispatch(&mut self, x: u32, y: u32, z: u32);
fn set_viewport(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32, width: f32, height: f32);
fn set_scissor(&mut self, x: i32, y: i32, width: u32, height: u32);
}
5.2 GPU 后端选择
// src/gpu/backend/mod.rs
use std::sync::Once;
static GPU_BACKEND_INIT: Once = Once::new();
static mut GPU_BACKEND: BackendType = BackendType::None;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub enum BackendType {
None,
DirectX12,
Metal,
Vulkan,
WebGPU,
Software,
}
pub fn select_backend() -> BackendType {
unsafe {
GPU_BACKEND_INIT.call_once(|| {
GPU_BACKEND = detect_best_backend();
});
GPU_BACKEND
}
}
fn detect_best_backend() -> BackendType {
#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
{
if directx12::is_available() {
return BackendType::DirectX12;
}
if vulkan::is_available() {
return BackendType::Vulkan;
}
return BackendType::Software;
}
#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
{
if metal::is_available() {
return BackendType::Metal;
}
return BackendType::Software;
}
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
{
if vulkan::is_available() {
return BackendType::Vulkan;
}
return BackendType::Software;
}
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
{
if webgpu::is_available() {
return BackendType::WebGPU;
}
return BackendType::Software;
}
#[allow(unreachable_code)]
BackendType::Software
}
6. 渲染引擎核心
6.1 渲染器抽象
// src/render/renderer.rs
pub struct Renderer {
device: Box<dyn GPUDevice>,
command_pool: CommandPool,
render_passes: Vec<RenderPass>,
frame_resources: FrameResources,
render_graph: RenderGraph,
}
impl Renderer {
pub fn render_frame(&mut self, scene: &Scene, camera: &Camera) {
// 1. 更新帧资源
self.frame_resources.next_frame();
// 2. 构建渲染图
self.render_graph.build(&scene, &camera);
// 3. 编译渲染图
let commands = self.render_graph.compile();
// 4. 执行渲染命令
let command_buffer = self.command_pool.get_command_buffer();
command_buffer.begin();
for command in commands {
command.execute(&mut command_buffer);
}
command_buffer.end();
// 5. 提交
self.device.submit(vec![command_buffer]);
// 6. 呈现
self.present();
}
}
// 渲染图节点
pub struct RenderPass {
name: String,
inputs: Vec<ResourceHandle>,
outputs: Vec<ResourceHandle>,
pipeline: PipelineHandle,
execute: Box<dyn Fn(&mut dyn GPUCommandBuffer, &PassContext)>,
}
// 渲染图构建器
pub struct RenderGraphBuilder {
passes: Vec<RenderPass>,
resources: ResourcePool<RenderResource>,
}
impl RenderGraphBuilder {
pub fn add_pass<P>(&mut self, name: &str, pass: P)
where
P: Fn(&mut dyn GPUCommandBuffer, &PassContext) + 'static,
{
self.passes.push(RenderPass {
name: name.to_string(),
inputs: Vec::new(),
outputs: Vec::new(),
pipeline: PipelineHandle::default(),
execute: Box::new(pass),
});
}
pub fn compile(self) -> Vec<RenderCommand> {
// 拓扑排序、资源生命周期管理、自动屏障插入
self.optimize_and_order()
}
}
6.2 GPU 驱动渲染管线
// src/render/pipeline/hybrid.rs
pub struct HybridRenderer {
// GPU 驱动渲染组件
gpu_culling: GPUCullingPass,
lod_selection: LODSelectionPass,
occlusion_culling: OcclusionCullingPass,
// 传统渲染组件
forward_pass: ForwardPass,
shadow_pass: ShadowPass,
post_process: PostProcessPass,
// 光线追踪组件
ray_tracing: Option<RayTracingPass>,
}
impl HybridRenderer {
pub fn render(&self, scene: &Scene, camera: &Camera) {
// 阶段 1：GPU 驱动的剔除和 LOD
self.gpu_culling.execute(scene, camera);
self.lod_selection.execute(scene, camera);
self.occlusion_culling.execute(scene, camera);
// 阶段 2：生成间接绘制命令
let draw_commands = self.generate_indirect_draws();
// 阶段 3：阴影渲染
self.shadow_pass.execute(&draw_commands);
// 阶段 4：主渲染
self.forward_pass.execute(&draw_commands);
// 阶段 5：光线追踪增强
if let Some(rt) = &self.ray_tracing {
rt.execute(scene, camera);
}
// 阶段 6：后处理
self.post_process.execute();
}
}
7. 编辑器架构
7.1 编辑器核心
// src/editor/mod.rs
pub struct Editor {
engine: Engine,
windows: WindowManager,
panels: PanelManager,
asset_browser: AssetBrowser,
scene_hierarchy: SceneHierarchy,
property_inspector: PropertyInspector,
viewport: EditorViewport,
undo_redo: UndoRedoSystem,
}
impl Editor {
pub fn run(&mut self) {
// 主循环
while !self.should_close() {
// 处理输入
self.process_input();
// 更新编辑器状态
self.update();
// 渲染编辑器 UI
self.render_ui();
// 渲染 3D 视口
self.render_viewport();
}
}
}
8. 编译配置
# Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "wengine"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[lib]
crate-type = ["lib", "cdylib", "staticlib"]
[features]
default = ["desktop"]
desktop = []
mobile = []
web = []
# 平台特定依赖（只使用系统库）
[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
# 仅使用标准库，通过 FFI 调用系统 API
[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
# 通过 FFI 调用 Metal/AppKit
[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
# 通过 FFI 调用 Vulkan/X11
[profile.release]
opt-level = 3
lto = true
codegen-units = 1
panic = "abort"
9. 性能优化策略
// 极致性能优化
pub struct PerformanceOptimizer {
// 多线程渲染
render_thread: RenderThread,
// GPU 异步计算
async_compute: AsyncComputeQueue,
// 内存池
memory_pools: Vec<MemoryPool>,
// 缓存优化
cache_optimizer: CacheOptimizer,
}
impl PerformanceOptimizer {
// SIMD 优化
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
fn use_simd(&self) {
use std::arch::x86_64::*;
unsafe {
// AVX-512 向量运算
let a = _mm512_set1_ps(1.0);
let b = _mm512_set1_ps(2.0);
let c = _mm512_add_ps(a, b);
}
}
// 无锁数据结构
fn use_lock_free_structures(&self) {
// 使用原子操作避免锁
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
let counter = AtomicU64::new(0);
counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
}
}
10. 实施路线图
阶段 1：基础框架（1-2 个月）
- 实现核心类型系统
- 实现内存管理
- 实现数学库
- 实现基础窗口系统
阶段 2：GPU 抽象（2-3 个月）
- 设计 GPU 抽象接口
- 实现软件渲染器
- 实现 DirectX 12 后端
- 实现 Vulkan 后端
阶段 3：渲染引擎（3-4 个月）
- 实现基础渲染管线
- 实现网格和材质系统
- 实现光照和阴影
- 实现后处理
阶段 4：高级特性（4-6 个月）
- GPU 驱动渲染
- 光线追踪
- 动态 LOD
- 虚拟纹理
阶段 5：编辑器（6-8 个月）
- 编辑器框架
- 场景编辑
- 资源管理
- 实时预览
这个方案实现了：
- 完全使用标准库：所有系统调用通过 FFI
- 硬件无关：通过 GPU 抽象层
- 跨平台：一套代码，条件编译
- 极致性能：直接访问硬件特性
- 可扩展：模块化设计
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