PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni高可用
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 2：patroni安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 3：patroni 运维
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 4：HAProxy和Keepalived实现读写分离
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：etcd 安装
PostgreSQL ptroni的高可用架构图如下所示，本文完成如下架构图中红色标记内的ectd分布式存储的安装和配置。
1，服务器环境
Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115
Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116
Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117
1.1 ectd下载与安装
以下在Ubuntu08，Ubuntu09，Ubuntu10分别安装
下载与解压安装
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.6.5/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
ln -s /usr/local/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64/ /usr/local/etcd
建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcd /usr/bin/etcd
ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcdctl /usr/bin/etcdctl
etcd --version
/*
输出：
etcd Version: 3.6.5
Git SHA: a061450
Go Version: go1.24.7
Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64
*/
建立数据文件路径
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
mkdir /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd1.2 etcd 配置文件
Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
1.3 etcd systemctl 服务脚本
三台服务器一样，/etc/systemd/system/ectd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd
1.4 etcd 环境变量
--添加环境变量
--ETCDCTL_API是有v2和v3两个版本，默认是v2版本，执行命令可能会报错
echo 'export ETCDCTL_API=3' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile其他
--新增etcd节点，systemd启动服务出现Job for etcd.service failed because a timeout was exceeded错误
--解决办法：出现该问题的原因可能时因为etcd的data-dir中的残留信息导致的，删除data-dir中的内容，重新启动etcd服务
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/default/
2，检查etcd集群管理
2.1 etcd状态检查
检查集群节点状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
列出集群成员：etcdctl member list -w table
检查集群节点的健康状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
检查集群节点状态
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:34:53.831953+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB | 16 kB | 34% | 0 B | true | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
列出集群成员
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl member list -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:22.799237+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| ID | STATUS | NAME | PEER ADDRS | CLIENT ADDRS | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | started | etcd02 | http://192.168.152.116:2380 | http://192.168.152.116:2379 | false |
| 7158c1b754a1eeba | started | etcd01 | http://192.168.152.115:2380 | http://192.168.152.115:2379 | false |
| af96143dba13346f | started | etcd03 | http://192.168.152.117:2380 | http://192.168.152.117:2379 | false |
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
检查集群节点的健康状态
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:49.159370+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | true | 4.838419ms | |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | true | 7.374066ms | |
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | true | 7.334373ms | |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
2.2 etcd常用命令
etcd常用命令
--截至目前位置ectd中没有用户自定义数据，如下查询是启用了patroni之后才能查到，这里仅做示例
-- 查询所有的key
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl get "" --prefix --keys-only
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:36:04.000716+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/config
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/history
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/initialize
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/leader
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/members/ubuntu09
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/status
--删除所有的key
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl del /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/ --prefix
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:38:52.248350+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
6
2.3 管理etcd
--查看集群节点：etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
--转移领导权： etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70
--备份数据库：etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
管理etcd
--查看集群节点
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:07.064600+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB | 16 kB | 34% | 0 B | true | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
--将领导权转移到192.168.152.116，需要在leader节点(192.168.152.115)上执行以下命令
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:52.764611+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
Leadership transferred from 7158c1b754a1eeba to 6eb726f58bd2aa70
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#
--再次查看集群节点
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:53:25.957168+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | true | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB | 16 kB | 34% | 0 B | false | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB | 16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
备份数据库，执行etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.963842+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.971594+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:83","msg":"created temporary db file","path":"etcd_bak.db.part"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.973601+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:236","msg":"opened snapshot stream; downloading"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975135+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:96","msg":"fetching snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975385+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:302","msg":"completed snapshot read; closing"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976335+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:111","msg":"fetched snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379","size":"25 kB","took":"4.643252ms","etcd-version":"3.6.0"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976404+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:121","msg":"saved","path":"etcd_bak.db"}
Snapshot saved at etcd_bak.db
Server version 3.6.0
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