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LOD值 LOD score 定义：确定两个基因座是否在染色体上距离很近，因此可能一起遗传的统计学评估。三个或更多的LOD评价通常显示了两个基因座的位置很紧密。 详解：遗传学上通常用或然率的常用对数作为标准的衡量方法，该值的对数值称为Lod值或对数优势比：根据两个非此即彼的假设，计算数据的整体或然性，以确定两个基因座或是按一定的重组率而相互连锁的可能性或是互不连锁的可能性；这两种可能性之比，是基因座实际上为连锁的可能性；这个比率的10作底的对数就是对数优势比。为了确定两对基因之间是否存在连锁，一般要求或然比大于1000：1，即Lod>3；而要否定连锁存在，则要求或然小于100：1，即Lo 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 20:15
emanlee
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什么是SSLP和ISSR？简单序列长度多态性（simple sequence length polymorphism，SSLP）是据串联重复排列微卫星基序两侧的单一序列设计引物，对微卫星序列（microsatellite DNA或simple sequence repeats，SSR）进行扩增，由微卫星基序重复数目的变异而产生多态性。由于基因组中某一特定的微卫星的侧翼序列通常都是保守性较强的单一序列，因而可以将微卫星侧翼的DNA片段克隆、测序，然后根据微卫星的侧翼序列就可以人工合成引物进行PCR扩增，从而将单个微卫星位点扩增出来。由于单个微卫星位点重复单元在数量上的变异，个体的扩增产物在长度上 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 20:12
emanlee
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ROC曲线的意义 ROC曲线指受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve), 是反映敏感性和特异性连续变量的综合指标,是用构图法揭示敏感性和特异性的相互关系，它通过将连续变量设定出多个不同的临界值，从而计算出一系列敏感性和特异性，再以敏感性为纵 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 20:10
emanlee
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Acceptor splice site --- The boundary between the 3’ end of an intron and the 5’ end of the following exon. Also called 3’ splice site.剪接受体位点：内含子3′末端与下一个外显子5′端之间的交界处。又称3′剪接位点。Acrocentric --- A type of chromosome with the centromere near one end. The human acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, and 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:48
emanlee
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Relative risk --- A comparison of the risk for a disease or trait in individuals who share a particular factor (such as genotype, an environmental exposure, or a drug) versus the risk among individuals who lack the factor. Affected Unaffected TotalFactor present a b a+bFactor absent c d c+dTotal a+c 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:47
emanlee
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Spectral karyotyping (SKY) --- A procedure that uses the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to stain each of the 24 human chromosomes distinctively.图谱核型分析（SKY）：用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，对 24条人类染色体进行各自染色。Splicing --- The splicing out of introns and splicing together of exons in the generation 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:47
emanlee
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Pharmacodynamics --- The effects of a drug or its metabolites on physiological function and metabolic pathways.药效学：药物或其代谢物在生理功能和代谢途径中的作用Pharmacogenetics --- The area of biochemical genetics concerned with the impact of genetic variation on drug response and metabolism.药物遗传学：主要研究遗传因素对物种内不同个体的药物吸收、分布、 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:46
emanlee
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Microarray --- Miniaturized wafer (“chip”) made of glass, plastic, or silicon onto which a large number of different nucleic acids have been individually spotted. See also CGH, expression profile.微阵列：点阵分布有大量核苷酸的微小芯片。参见CGH，表达谱。Microdeletion --- A chromosomal deletion that is too small to be seen unde 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:44
emanlee
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Immunoglobulin gene superfamily --- A family of evolutionarily related genes composed of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II genes, immunoglobulin genes, T-cell receptor genes, and other genes encoding cell surface molecules.免疫球蛋白基因超级家族：进化上同源的基因家族，包括HLA I类和II类基因、免疫球蛋白基因、T细胞受体基因以及其它编码细 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:43
emanlee
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Gene flow --- Gradual diffusion of genes from one population to another across a barrier. The barrier may be physical or cultural and may be breached by migration or mixing.基因流：由于合子或配子的散布，基因从某一群体扩散到其它群体，从而引起等位基因频率改变的现象。Gene map --- The characteristic arrangement of the genes on the chromosomes. 基因图： 阅读全文
posted @ 2011-05-29 19:42
emanlee
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