第15章-PowerPoint演示文稿操作
第十五章：PowerPoint演示文稿操作
15.1 NPOI PowerPoint概述
15.1.1 支持的格式
| 格式 | 扩展名 | 说明 | NPOI类 |
|---|---|---|---|
| PowerPoint 2007+ | .pptx | OpenXML格式 | XMLSlideShow |
| PowerPoint 97-2003 | .ppt | 二进制格式 | HSLFSlideShow（有限支持） |
15.1.2 基本命名空间
using NPOI.XSLF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SL.UserModel;
using System.IO;
15.2 创建演示文稿
15.2.1 创建新演示文稿
using NPOI.XSLF.UserModel;
// 创建新的演示文稿
XMLSlideShow ppt = new XMLSlideShow();
// 创建幻灯片
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide();
// 保存演示文稿
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("presentation.pptx", FileMode.Create))
{
ppt.Write(fs);
}
15.2.2 打开现有演示文稿
// 打开现有演示文稿
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("existing.pptx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
XMLSlideShow ppt = new XMLSlideShow(fs);
// 获取所有幻灯片
var slides = ppt.GetSlides();
Console.WriteLine($"共有 {slides.Count} 张幻灯片");
}
15.3 幻灯片操作
15.3.1 创建和管理幻灯片
XMLSlideShow ppt = new XMLSlideShow();
// 创建多张幻灯片
XSLFSlide slide1 = ppt.CreateSlide();
XSLFSlide slide2 = ppt.CreateSlide();
XSLFSlide slide3 = ppt.CreateSlide();
// 获取所有幻灯片
var slides = ppt.GetSlides();
// 获取特定幻灯片
XSLFSlide firstSlide = slides[0];
// 删除幻灯片
ppt.RemoveSlide(2); // 删除第3张幻灯片
// 获取幻灯片数量
int count = slides.Count;
15.3.2 使用幻灯片布局
// 获取幻灯片母版
var slideMasters = ppt.GetSlideMasters();
if (slideMasters.Count > 0)
{
XSLFSlideMaster master = slideMasters[0];
// 获取布局
var layouts = master.GetSlideLayouts();
foreach (var layout in layouts)
{
Console.WriteLine($"布局: {layout.GetName()}");
}
// 使用特定布局创建幻灯片
XSLFSlideLayout titleLayout = master.GetLayout(SlideLayout.TITLE);
if (titleLayout != null)
{
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide(titleLayout);
}
}
15.4 添加内容
15.4.1 添加文本框
/// <summary>
/// 在幻灯片上添加文本框
/// </summary>
public static void AddTextBox(XSLFSlide slide, string text,
double x, double y, double width, double height)
{
XSLFTextBox textBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
// 设置位置和大小（单位：像素）
textBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
(float)x, (float)y, (float)width, (float)height));
// 添加文本
XSLFTextParagraph paragraph = textBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
XSLFTextRun run = paragraph.AddNewTextRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.SetFontSize(24);
run.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑");
}
15.4.2 添加标题
/// <summary>
/// 创建标题幻灯片
/// </summary>
public static void CreateTitleSlide(XMLSlideShow ppt, string title, string subtitle)
{
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide();
// 主标题
XSLFTextBox titleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
titleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 150, 620, 80));
XSLFTextParagraph titlePara = titleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
titlePara.SetTextAlign(TextAlign.CENTER);
XSLFTextRun titleRun = titlePara.AddNewTextRun();
titleRun.SetText(title);
titleRun.SetFontSize(44);
titleRun.SetBold(true);
titleRun.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑");
// 副标题
XSLFTextBox subtitleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
subtitleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 250, 620, 50));
XSLFTextParagraph subtitlePara = subtitleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
subtitlePara.SetTextAlign(TextAlign.CENTER);
XSLFTextRun subtitleRun = subtitlePara.AddNewTextRun();
subtitleRun.SetText(subtitle);
subtitleRun.SetFontSize(24);
subtitleRun.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑");
subtitleRun.SetFontColor(System.Drawing.Color.Gray);
}
15.4.3 添加列表
/// <summary>
/// 创建内容幻灯片（带列表）
/// </summary>
public static void CreateContentSlide(XMLSlideShow ppt, string title, string[] items)
{
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide();
// 标题
XSLFTextBox titleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
titleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 30, 620, 50));
XSLFTextParagraph titlePara = titleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
XSLFTextRun titleRun = titlePara.AddNewTextRun();
titleRun.SetText(title);
titleRun.SetFontSize(32);
titleRun.SetBold(true);
titleRun.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑");
// 内容列表
XSLFTextBox contentBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
contentBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 100, 620, 350));
foreach (string item in items)
{
XSLFTextParagraph para = contentBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
para.SetIndentLevel(0);
para.SetBullet(true);
XSLFTextRun run = para.AddNewTextRun();
run.SetText(item);
run.SetFontSize(20);
run.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑");
}
}
15.5 插入图片
15.5.1 添加图片
/// <summary>
/// 在幻灯片上添加图片
/// </summary>
public static void AddImage(XMLSlideShow ppt, XSLFSlide slide, string imagePath,
double x, double y, double width, double height)
{
// 读取图片数据
byte[] imageData = File.ReadAllBytes(imagePath);
// 确定图片类型
string extension = Path.GetExtension(imagePath).ToLower();
PictureType pictureType = extension switch
{
".png" => PictureType.PNG,
".jpg" or ".jpeg" => PictureType.JPEG,
".gif" => PictureType.GIF,
_ => PictureType.PNG
};
// 添加图片数据到演示文稿
XSLFPictureData pictureData = ppt.AddPicture(imageData, pictureType);
// 在幻灯片上创建图片形状
XSLFPictureShape picture = slide.CreatePicture(pictureData);
picture.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
(float)x, (float)y, (float)width, (float)height));
}
15.6 添加表格
15.6.1 创建表格
/// <summary>
/// 在幻灯片上添加表格
/// </summary>
public static void AddTable(XSLFSlide slide, string[,] data,
double x, double y, double width, double height)
{
int rows = data.GetLength(0);
int cols = data.GetLength(1);
XSLFTable table = slide.CreateTable(rows, cols);
table.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
(float)x, (float)y, (float)width, (float)height));
// 设置列宽
double colWidth = width / cols;
for (int i = 0; i < cols; i++)
{
table.SetColumnWidth(i, colWidth);
}
// 填充数据
for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
{
XSLFTableRow row = table.GetRows()[r];
for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++)
{
XSLFTableCell cell = row.GetCells()[c];
cell.SetText(data[r, c]);
// 表头样式
if (r == 0)
{
cell.SetFillColor(System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(68, 114, 196));
foreach (var para in cell.GetTextParagraphs())
{
foreach (var run in para.GetTextRuns())
{
run.SetBold(true);
run.SetFontColor(System.Drawing.Color.White);
}
}
}
}
}
}
15.7 综合示例
15.7.1 创建完整演示文稿
public class PresentationExample
{
public static void CreatePresentation()
{
XMLSlideShow ppt = new XMLSlideShow();
// 幻灯片1：标题页
CreateTitleSlide(ppt, "NPOI技术分享", "使用.NET操作Office文档");
// 幻灯片2：目录
CreateContentSlide(ppt, "目录", new[]
{
"NPOI简介",
"Excel操作",
"Word操作",
"PowerPoint操作",
"最佳实践"
});
// 幻灯片3：简介
CreateContentSlide(ppt, "NPOI简介", new[]
{
"Apache POI的.NET移植版本",
"支持Excel、Word、PowerPoint",
"无需安装Microsoft Office",
"开源免费，Apache 2.0协议",
"支持.NET Framework和.NET Core"
});
// 幻灯片4：表格数据
XSLFSlide tableSlide = ppt.CreateSlide();
// 添加标题
XSLFTextBox titleBox = tableSlide.CreateTextBox();
titleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 30, 620, 50));
var titlePara = titleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
var titleRun = titlePara.AddNewTextRun();
titleRun.SetText("支持的文件格式");
titleRun.SetFontSize(32);
titleRun.SetBold(true);
// 添加表格
string[,] tableData = {
{ "格式", "扩展名", "NPOI类" },
{ "Excel 2007+", ".xlsx", "XSSFWorkbook" },
{ "Excel 97-2003", ".xls", "HSSFWorkbook" },
{ "Word 2007+", ".docx", "XWPFDocument" },
{ "PowerPoint 2007+", ".pptx", "XMLSlideShow" }
};
AddTable(tableSlide, tableData, 50, 100, 620, 300);
// 幻灯片5：结束页
CreateTitleSlide(ppt, "谢谢！", "欢迎交流讨论");
// 保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("NPOI技术分享.pptx", FileMode.Create))
{
ppt.Write(fs);
}
Console.WriteLine("演示文稿创建成功！");
}
private static void CreateTitleSlide(XMLSlideShow ppt, string title, string subtitle)
{
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide();
XSLFTextBox titleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
titleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 150, 620, 80));
var titlePara = titleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
titlePara.SetTextAlign(TextAlign.CENTER);
var titleRun = titlePara.AddNewTextRun();
titleRun.SetText(title);
titleRun.SetFontSize(44);
titleRun.SetBold(true);
XSLFTextBox subtitleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
subtitleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 250, 620, 50));
var subtitlePara = subtitleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
subtitlePara.SetTextAlign(TextAlign.CENTER);
var subtitleRun = subtitlePara.AddNewTextRun();
subtitleRun.SetText(subtitle);
subtitleRun.SetFontSize(24);
}
private static void CreateContentSlide(XMLSlideShow ppt, string title, string[] items)
{
XSLFSlide slide = ppt.CreateSlide();
XSLFTextBox titleBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
titleBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 30, 620, 50));
var titlePara = titleBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
var titleRun = titlePara.AddNewTextRun();
titleRun.SetText(title);
titleRun.SetFontSize(32);
titleRun.SetBold(true);
XSLFTextBox contentBox = slide.CreateTextBox();
contentBox.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(50, 100, 620, 350));
foreach (string item in items)
{
var para = contentBox.AddNewTextParagraph();
var run = para.AddNewTextRun();
run.SetText("• " + item);
run.SetFontSize(20);
}
}
private static void AddTable(XSLFSlide slide, string[,] data,
double x, double y, double width, double height)
{
int rows = data.GetLength(0);
int cols = data.GetLength(1);
XSLFTable table = slide.CreateTable(rows, cols);
table.SetAnchor(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
(float)x, (float)y, (float)width, (float)height));
for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
{
var row = table.GetRows()[r];
for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++)
{
var cell = row.GetCells()[c];
cell.SetText(data[r, c]);
if (r == 0)
{
cell.SetFillColor(System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(68, 114, 196));
}
}
}
}
}
15.8 本章小结
本章介绍了NPOI中PowerPoint演示文稿的操作。通过本章学习，你应该掌握：
- 演示文稿的创建和打开
- 幻灯片的创建和管理
- 文本框和列表的添加
- 图片的插入
- 表格的创建
- 创建完整演示文稿的方法
PowerPoint操作在NPOI中功能相对有限，但基本的演示文稿创建需求都可以满足。
下一章预告：第十六章将介绍大文件处理与性能优化。
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