第12章-Word表格操作
第十二章：Word表格操作
12.1 表格基础
12.1.1 创建表格
using NPOI.XWPF.UserModel;
XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument();
// 创建表格（指定行数和列数）
XWPFTable table = doc.CreateTable(5, 4); // 5行4列
// 设置表格宽度（整体宽度，单位：twip，1英寸=1440twip）
table.Width = 9000; // 约6.25英寸
12.1.2 获取和遍历表格
// 获取文档中的所有表格
IList<XWPFTable> tables = doc.Tables;
// 遍历表格
foreach (XWPFTable tbl in tables)
{
foreach (XWPFTableRow row in tbl.Rows)
{
foreach (XWPFTableCell cell in row.GetTableCells())
{
Console.Write(cell.GetText() + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
12.1.3 表格行操作
// 获取表格行
XWPFTableRow row = table.GetRow(0); // 获取第一行
// 获取所有行
IList<XWPFTableRow> rows = table.Rows;
// 添加新行
XWPFTableRow newRow = table.CreateRow();
// 在指定位置插入行
XWPFTableRow insertedRow = table.InsertNewTableRow(2); // 在第3行位置插入
// 删除行
table.RemoveRow(0); // 删除第一行
// 设置行高
row.Height = 500; // 单位：twip
// 设置行不允许跨页
row.SetCantSplitRow(true);
12.1.4 表格单元格操作
// 获取单元格
XWPFTableCell cell = row.GetCell(0); // 获取第一个单元格
// 获取所有单元格
IList<XWPFTableCell> cells = row.GetTableCells();
// 添加新单元格
XWPFTableCell newCell = row.AddNewTableCell();
// 设置单元格文本
cell.SetText("内容");
// 获取单元格文本
string text = cell.GetText();
// 设置单元格宽度
cell.SetWidth("2000"); // 单位：twip
// 设置单元格垂直对齐
cell.SetVerticalAlignment(XWPFTableCell.XWPFVertAlign.CENTER);
12.2 表格样式
12.2.1 表格边框
/// <summary>
/// 设置表格边框
/// </summary>
public static void SetTableBorders(XWPFTable table)
{
// 设置表格整体边框
table.SetTopBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetBottomBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetLeftBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetRightBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideHBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideVBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
}
// 边框类型
// XWPFBorderType.SINGLE - 单线
// XWPFBorderType.DOUBLE - 双线
// XWPFBorderType.DOTTED - 点线
// XWPFBorderType.DASHED - 虚线
// XWPFBorderType.THICK - 粗线
// XWPFBorderType.NIL - 无边框
12.2.2 单元格背景色
/// <summary>
/// 设置单元格背景色
/// </summary>
public static void SetCellColor(XWPFTableCell cell, string color)
{
cell.SetColor(color); // 十六进制颜色，如 "CCCCCC"
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置表头行样式
/// </summary>
public static void SetHeaderStyle(XWPFTableRow headerRow, string bgColor = "4472C4")
{
foreach (XWPFTableCell cell in headerRow.GetTableCells())
{
cell.SetColor(bgColor);
// 设置文本样式
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in cell.Paragraphs)
{
para.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.CENTER;
foreach (XWPFRun run in para.Runs)
{
run.IsBold = true;
run.SetColor("FFFFFF");
}
}
}
}
12.2.3 单元格文本对齐
/// <summary>
/// 设置单元格内容对齐方式
/// </summary>
public static void SetCellAlignment(XWPFTableCell cell,
ParagraphAlignment horizontal, XWPFTableCell.XWPFVertAlign vertical)
{
// 垂直对齐
cell.SetVerticalAlignment(vertical);
// 水平对齐（通过段落设置）
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in cell.Paragraphs)
{
para.Alignment = horizontal;
}
}
// 垂直对齐方式
// XWPFVertAlign.TOP - 顶部对齐
// XWPFVertAlign.CENTER - 居中
// XWPFVertAlign.BOTTOM - 底部对齐
// XWPFVertAlign.BOTH - 两端对齐
12.3 合并单元格
12.3.1 水平合并
/// <summary>
/// 水平合并单元格
/// </summary>
public static void MergeCellsHorizontally(XWPFTable table, int row, int fromCol, int toCol)
{
XWPFTableRow tableRow = table.GetRow(row);
for (int i = fromCol; i <= toCol; i++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = tableRow.GetCell(i);
var ctTc = cell.GetCTTc();
var tcPr = ctTc.AddNewTcPr();
if (i == fromCol)
{
// 第一个单元格设置为合并起始
tcPr.AddNewHMerge().val = ST_Merge.restart;
}
else
{
// 后续单元格设置为继续合并
tcPr.AddNewHMerge().val = ST_Merge.@continue;
}
}
}
12.3.2 垂直合并
/// <summary>
/// 垂直合并单元格
/// </summary>
public static void MergeCellsVertically(XWPFTable table, int col, int fromRow, int toRow)
{
for (int i = fromRow; i <= toRow; i++)
{
XWPFTableRow row = table.GetRow(i);
XWPFTableCell cell = row.GetCell(col);
var ctTc = cell.GetCTTc();
var tcPr = ctTc.AddNewTcPr();
if (i == fromRow)
{
// 第一个单元格设置为合并起始
tcPr.AddNewVMerge().val = ST_Merge.restart;
}
else
{
// 后续单元格设置为继续合并
tcPr.AddNewVMerge().val = ST_Merge.@continue;
}
}
}
12.3.3 合并区域
/// <summary>
/// 合并单元格区域
/// </summary>
public static void MergeCells(XWPFTable table, int fromRow, int toRow, int fromCol, int toCol)
{
// 先水平合并
for (int row = fromRow; row <= toRow; row++)
{
MergeCellsHorizontally(table, row, fromCol, toCol);
}
// 再垂直合并
for (int col = fromCol; col <= toCol; col++)
{
MergeCellsVertically(table, col, fromRow, toRow);
}
}
12.4 表格辅助类
/// <summary>
/// Word表格辅助类
/// </summary>
public static class WordTableHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 创建带表头的表格
/// </summary>
public static XWPFTable CreateTableWithHeader(XWPFDocument doc,
string[] headers, int dataRowCount)
{
XWPFTable table = doc.CreateTable(dataRowCount + 1, headers.Length);
// 设置表格边框
SetTableBorders(table);
// 设置表头
XWPFTableRow headerRow = table.GetRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < headers.Length; i++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = headerRow.GetCell(i);
cell.SetText(headers[i]);
cell.SetColor("4472C4");
cell.SetVerticalAlignment(XWPFTableCell.XWPFVertAlign.CENTER);
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in cell.Paragraphs)
{
para.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.CENTER;
foreach (XWPFRun run in para.Runs)
{
run.IsBold = true;
run.SetColor("FFFFFF");
}
}
}
return table;
}
/// <summary>
/// 填充表格数据
/// </summary>
public static void FillTableData(XWPFTable table, object[,] data, int startRow = 1)
{
int rows = data.GetLength(0);
int cols = data.GetLength(1);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
XWPFTableRow row = table.GetRow(startRow + i);
if (row == null)
{
row = table.CreateRow();
}
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = row.GetCell(j);
if (cell == null)
{
cell = row.AddNewTableCell();
}
object value = data[i, j];
cell.SetText(value?.ToString() ?? "");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置列宽
/// </summary>
public static void SetColumnWidths(XWPFTable table, int[] widths)
{
foreach (XWPFTableRow row in table.Rows)
{
for (int i = 0; i < widths.Length && i < row.GetTableCells().Count; i++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = row.GetCell(i);
cell.SetWidth(widths[i].ToString());
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置交替行颜色
/// </summary>
public static void SetAlternatingRowColors(XWPFTable table,
string evenColor = "F2F2F2", string oddColor = "FFFFFF", int startRow = 1)
{
for (int i = startRow; i < table.Rows.Count; i++)
{
XWPFTableRow row = table.GetRow(i);
string color = (i - startRow) % 2 == 0 ? evenColor : oddColor;
foreach (XWPFTableCell cell in row.GetTableCells())
{
cell.SetColor(color);
}
}
}
private static void SetTableBorders(XWPFTable table)
{
table.SetTopBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetBottomBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetLeftBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetRightBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideHBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideVBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
}
}
12.5 复杂表格示例
12.5.1 创建成绩单表格
public class ScoreTableExample
{
public static void CreateScoreTable()
{
XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument();
// 添加标题
XWPFParagraph titlePara = doc.CreateParagraph();
titlePara.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.CENTER;
XWPFRun titleRun = titlePara.CreateRun();
titleRun.SetText("学生成绩表");
titleRun.IsBold = true;
titleRun.FontSize = 18;
doc.CreateParagraph(); // 空行
// 创建表格
string[] headers = { "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "总分", "平均分" };
XWPFTable table = WordTableHelper.CreateTableWithHeader(doc, headers, 5);
// 填充数据
object[,] data = {
{ "001", "张三", 85, 92, 88, 265, 88.3 },
{ "002", "李四", 78, 88, 92, 258, 86.0 },
{ "003", "王五", 92, 75, 85, 252, 84.0 },
{ "004", "赵六", 88, 95, 90, 273, 91.0 },
{ "005", "钱七", 75, 82, 78, 235, 78.3 }
};
WordTableHelper.FillTableData(table, data);
// 设置列宽
int[] widths = { 1000, 1200, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1200 };
WordTableHelper.SetColumnWidths(table, widths);
// 设置交替行颜色
WordTableHelper.SetAlternatingRowColors(table);
// 保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("成绩表.docx", FileMode.Create))
{
doc.Write(fs);
}
Console.WriteLine("成绩表创建成功！");
}
}
12.5.2 创建复杂表头表格
public class ComplexTableExample
{
public static void CreateComplexTable()
{
XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument();
// 创建6行5列的表格
XWPFTable table = doc.CreateTable(6, 5);
// 设置边框
table.SetTopBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetBottomBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetLeftBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetRightBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideHBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
table.SetInsideVBorder(XWPFTable.XWPFBorderType.SINGLE, 4, 0, "000000");
// 第一行：合并第3-5列
table.GetRow(0).GetCell(0).SetText("姓名");
table.GetRow(0).GetCell(1).SetText("部门");
table.GetRow(0).GetCell(2).SetText("季度销售额");
MergeCellsHorizontally(table, 0, 2, 4);
// 第二行：季度细分
table.GetRow(1).GetCell(0).SetText("");
table.GetRow(1).GetCell(1).SetText("");
table.GetRow(1).GetCell(2).SetText("Q1");
table.GetRow(1).GetCell(3).SetText("Q2");
table.GetRow(1).GetCell(4).SetText("Q3");
// 合并第1、2行的第1列
MergeCellsVertically(table, 0, 0, 1);
// 合并第1、2行的第2列
MergeCellsVertically(table, 1, 0, 1);
// 填充数据
string[,] data = {
{ "张三", "销售部", "100", "120", "150" },
{ "李四", "销售部", "90", "110", "130" },
{ "王五", "市场部", "80", "95", "120" },
{ "赵六", "市场部", "85", "100", "115" }
};
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
XWPFTableRow row = table.GetRow(i + 2);
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
row.GetCell(j).SetText(data[i, j]);
}
}
// 设置表头样式
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
foreach (XWPFTableCell cell in table.GetRow(i).GetTableCells())
{
cell.SetColor("4472C4");
cell.SetVerticalAlignment(XWPFTableCell.XWPFVertAlign.CENTER);
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in cell.Paragraphs)
{
para.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.CENTER;
foreach (XWPFRun run in para.Runs)
{
run.IsBold = true;
run.SetColor("FFFFFF");
}
}
}
}
// 保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("复杂表格.docx", FileMode.Create))
{
doc.Write(fs);
}
Console.WriteLine("复杂表格创建成功！");
}
private static void MergeCellsHorizontally(XWPFTable table, int row, int fromCol, int toCol)
{
XWPFTableRow tableRow = table.GetRow(row);
for (int i = fromCol; i <= toCol; i++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = tableRow.GetCell(i);
var ctTc = cell.GetCTTc();
var tcPr = ctTc.AddNewTcPr();
tcPr.AddNewHMerge().val = i == fromCol ? ST_Merge.restart : ST_Merge.@continue;
}
}
private static void MergeCellsVertically(XWPFTable table, int col, int fromRow, int toRow)
{
for (int i = fromRow; i <= toRow; i++)
{
XWPFTableCell cell = table.GetRow(i).GetCell(col);
var ctTc = cell.GetCTTc();
var tcPr = ctTc.AddNewTcPr();
tcPr.AddNewVMerge().val = i == fromRow ? ST_Merge.restart : ST_Merge.@continue;
}
}
}
12.6 本章小结
本章详细介绍了NPOI中Word表格的操作。通过本章学习，你应该掌握：
- 表格的创建和基本操作
- 行和单元格的操作
- 表格边框和样式设置
- 单元格背景色和对齐方式
- 水平和垂直合并单元格
- 表格辅助类的封装
- 复杂表格的创建
表格是Word文档中展示数据的重要方式，掌握表格操作可以创建专业的报表和文档。
下一章预告：第十三章将介绍Word图片与多媒体操作，包括图片的插入、调整和定位。
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