第11章-Word段落与文本样式
第十一章：Word段落与文本样式
11.1 段落样式深入
11.1.1 标题样式
using NPOI.XWPF.UserModel;
/// <summary>
/// 创建标题段落
/// </summary>
public static XWPFParagraph CreateHeading(XWPFDocument doc, string text, int level)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
// 设置段落样式
switch (level)
{
case 1:
para.Style = "Heading1";
break;
case 2:
para.Style = "Heading2";
break;
case 3:
para.Style = "Heading3";
break;
}
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
// 根据级别设置字体
run.IsBold = true;
run.FontSize = level switch
{
1 => 22,
2 => 18,
3 => 14,
_ => 12
};
run.SetFontFamily(level == 1 ? "黑体" : "微软雅黑", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
11.1.2 段落编号和项目符号
/// <summary>
/// 创建编号列表
/// </summary>
public static void CreateNumberedList(XWPFDocument doc, string[] items)
{
// 获取或创建编号
XWPFNumbering numbering = doc.CreateNumbering();
string abstractNumId = numbering.AddAbstractNum();
string numId = numbering.AddNum(abstractNumId);
for (int i = 0; i < items.Length; i++)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
para.SetNumID(numId);
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(items[i]);
run.FontSize = 12;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建项目符号列表
/// </summary>
public static void CreateBulletList(XWPFDocument doc, string[] items)
{
foreach (string item in items)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
para.IndentationLeft = 420; // 左缩进
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText("• " + item);
run.FontSize = 12;
run.SetFontFamily("宋体", FontCharRange.None);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建自定义符号列表
/// </summary>
public static void CreateCustomBulletList(XWPFDocument doc, string[] items, string bullet = "◆")
{
foreach (string item in items)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
para.IndentationLeft = 420;
para.IndentationHanging = 210; // 悬挂缩进
XWPFRun bulletRun = para.CreateRun();
bulletRun.SetText(bullet + " ");
bulletRun.SetColor("0066CC");
XWPFRun textRun = para.CreateRun();
textRun.SetText(item);
textRun.FontSize = 12;
}
}
11.1.3 段落边框和底纹
/// <summary>
/// 创建带边框的段落
/// </summary>
public static XWPFParagraph CreateBorderedParagraph(XWPFDocument doc, string text)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
// 设置四边边框
para.SetBorderTop(Borders.Single, 6, 0, "000000");
para.SetBorderBottom(Borders.Single, 6, 0, "000000");
para.SetBorderLeft(Borders.Single, 6, 0, "000000");
para.SetBorderRight(Borders.Single, 6, 0, "000000");
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建带底纹的段落
/// </summary>
public static XWPFParagraph CreateShadedParagraph(XWPFDocument doc, string text, string color = "EEEEEE")
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
// 通过CT直接设置底纹
var ctp = para.GetCTP();
var pPr = ctp.AddNewPPr();
var shd = pPr.AddNewShd();
shd.fill = color;
shd.val = ST_Shd.clear;
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
return para;
}
11.2 文本样式高级设置
11.2.1 字符间距
/// <summary>
/// 设置字符间距
/// </summary>
public static void SetCharacterSpacing(XWPFRun run, int spacing)
{
var ctr = run.GetCTR();
var rPr = ctr.AddNewRPr();
var spacing_ = rPr.AddNewSpacing();
spacing_.val = spacing.ToString(); // 单位：twip的1/20
}
11.2.2 文本效果
/// <summary>
/// 创建带效果的文本
/// </summary>
public static XWPFRun CreateEffectText(XWPFParagraph para, string text, TextEffect effect)
{
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
switch (effect)
{
case TextEffect.Bold:
run.IsBold = true;
break;
case TextEffect.Italic:
run.IsItalic = true;
break;
case TextEffect.Underline:
run.Underline = UnderlinePatterns.Single;
break;
case TextEffect.Strike:
run.IsStrikeThrough = true;
break;
case TextEffect.Shadow:
run.IsShadowed = true;
break;
case TextEffect.Emboss:
run.IsEmbossed = true;
break;
case TextEffect.SmallCaps:
run.IsSmallCaps = true;
break;
}
return run;
}
public enum TextEffect
{
Bold, Italic, Underline, Strike, Shadow, Emboss, SmallCaps
}
11.2.3 上下标
/// <summary>
/// 创建带上下标的文本
/// </summary>
public static void CreateSubscriptSuperscriptText(XWPFDocument doc)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
// 示例：H₂O
XWPFRun run1 = para.CreateRun();
run1.SetText("H");
run1.FontSize = 12;
XWPFRun run2 = para.CreateRun();
run2.SetText("2");
run2.FontSize = 10;
run2.Subscript = VerticalAlign.SUBSCRIPT; // 下标
XWPFRun run3 = para.CreateRun();
run3.SetText("O");
run3.FontSize = 12;
// 示例：x²
XWPFParagraph para2 = doc.CreateParagraph();
XWPFRun run4 = para2.CreateRun();
run4.SetText("x");
run4.FontSize = 12;
XWPFRun run5 = para2.CreateRun();
run5.SetText("2");
run5.FontSize = 10;
run5.Subscript = VerticalAlign.SUPERSCRIPT; // 上标
}
11.3 文本查找与替换
11.3.1 简单文本替换
/// <summary>
/// 查找并替换文本
/// </summary>
public static void FindAndReplace(XWPFDocument doc, Dictionary<string, string> replacements)
{
// 替换段落中的文本
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in doc.Paragraphs)
{
ReplaceParagraphText(para, replacements);
}
// 替换表格中的文本
foreach (XWPFTable table in doc.Tables)
{
foreach (XWPFTableRow row in table.Rows)
{
foreach (XWPFTableCell cell in row.GetTableCells())
{
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in cell.Paragraphs)
{
ReplaceParagraphText(para, replacements);
}
}
}
}
// 替换页眉中的文本
foreach (XWPFHeader header in doc.HeaderList)
{
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in header.Paragraphs)
{
ReplaceParagraphText(para, replacements);
}
}
// 替换页脚中的文本
foreach (XWPFFooter footer in doc.FooterList)
{
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in footer.Paragraphs)
{
ReplaceParagraphText(para, replacements);
}
}
}
private static void ReplaceParagraphText(XWPFParagraph para, Dictionary<string, string> replacements)
{
string fullText = para.Text;
foreach (var replacement in replacements)
{
if (fullText.Contains(replacement.Key))
{
// 遍历所有Run进行替换
foreach (XWPFRun run in para.Runs)
{
string runText = run.Text;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(runText) && runText.Contains(replacement.Key))
{
run.SetText(runText.Replace(replacement.Key, replacement.Value), 0);
}
}
}
}
}
11.3.2 带格式的替换
/// <summary>
/// 替换文本并保留格式
/// </summary>
public static void ReplaceTextWithFormat(XWPFDocument doc, string findText,
string replaceText, bool bold = false, string color = null)
{
foreach (XWPFParagraph para in doc.Paragraphs)
{
for (int i = 0; i < para.Runs.Count; i++)
{
XWPFRun run = para.Runs[i];
string text = run.Text;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(text) && text.Contains(findText))
{
// 保存原格式
int fontSize = run.FontSize;
string fontFamily = run.FontFamily;
bool wasBold = run.IsBold;
bool wasItalic = run.IsItalic;
// 替换文本
run.SetText(text.Replace(findText, replaceText), 0);
// 应用新格式或保留原格式
run.IsBold = bold || wasBold;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(color))
{
run.SetColor(color);
}
}
}
}
}
11.4 富文本处理
11.4.1 创建富文本段落
/// <summary>
/// 创建富文本段落（混合格式）
/// </summary>
public static void CreateRichTextParagraph(XWPFDocument doc)
{
XWPFParagraph para = doc.CreateParagraph();
para.IndentationFirstLine = 420;
// 普通文本
AddRun(para, "这是一段包含", false, false, "000000", 12);
// 加粗文本
AddRun(para, "加粗", true, false, "000000", 12);
AddRun(para, "、", false, false, "000000", 12);
// 斜体文本
AddRun(para, "斜体", false, true, "000000", 12);
AddRun(para, "、", false, false, "000000", 12);
// 彩色文本
AddRun(para, "红色", false, false, "FF0000", 12);
AddRun(para, "、", false, false, "000000", 12);
// 下划线文本
XWPFRun underlineRun = para.CreateRun();
underlineRun.SetText("下划线");
underlineRun.FontSize = 12;
underlineRun.Underline = UnderlinePatterns.Single;
AddRun(para, "等多种格式的富文本。", false, false, "000000", 12);
}
private static XWPFRun AddRun(XWPFParagraph para, string text,
bool bold, bool italic, string color, int fontSize)
{
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.IsBold = bold;
run.IsItalic = italic;
run.SetColor(color);
run.FontSize = fontSize;
return run;
}
11.4.2 HTML到Word转换（简化版）
/// <summary>
/// 简单HTML到Word转换
/// </summary>
public static void HtmlToWord(XWPFDocument doc, string html)
{
// 简单的HTML解析（仅支持基本标签）
XWPFParagraph para = null;
// 移除HTML标签，提取文本
string plainText = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(html, "<[^>]*>", "");
// 解析简单标签
if (html.Contains("<b>") || html.Contains("<strong>"))
{
para = doc.CreateParagraph();
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(plainText);
run.IsBold = true;
}
else if (html.Contains("<i>") || html.Contains("<em>"))
{
para = doc.CreateParagraph();
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(plainText);
run.IsItalic = true;
}
else
{
para = doc.CreateParagraph();
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(plainText);
}
}
11.5 样式模板
11.5.1 创建样式模板类
/// <summary>
/// Word文档样式模板
/// </summary>
public class WordStyleTemplate
{
private readonly XWPFDocument _doc;
public WordStyleTemplate(XWPFDocument doc)
{
_doc = doc;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一级标题
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateH1(string text)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.CENTER;
para.SpacingAfter = 200;
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.IsBold = true;
run.FontSize = 22;
run.SetFontFamily("黑体", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建二级标题
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateH2(string text)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.SpacingBefore = 200;
para.SpacingAfter = 100;
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.IsBold = true;
run.FontSize = 16;
run.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建三级标题
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateH3(string text)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.SpacingBefore = 150;
para.SpacingAfter = 50;
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.IsBold = true;
run.FontSize = 14;
run.SetFontFamily("微软雅黑", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建正文段落
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateBody(string text, bool firstLineIndent = true)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.BOTH;
if (firstLineIndent)
{
para.IndentationFirstLine = 420; // 首行缩进2字符
}
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.FontSize = 12;
run.SetFontFamily("宋体", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建引用块
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateQuote(string text)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.IndentationLeft = 420;
para.IndentationRight = 420;
para.SetBorderLeft(Borders.Single, 12, 0, "CCCCCC");
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(text);
run.FontSize = 11;
run.IsItalic = true;
run.SetColor("666666");
run.SetFontFamily("楷体", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建代码块
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateCodeBlock(string code)
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.SetBorderTop(Borders.Single, 4, 0, "CCCCCC");
para.SetBorderBottom(Borders.Single, 4, 0, "CCCCCC");
para.SetBorderLeft(Borders.Single, 4, 0, "CCCCCC");
para.SetBorderRight(Borders.Single, 4, 0, "CCCCCC");
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.SetText(code);
run.FontSize = 10;
run.SetFontFamily("Consolas", FontCharRange.None);
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建注释/提示
/// </summary>
public XWPFParagraph CreateNote(string text, string noteType = "提示")
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
para.IndentationLeft = 210;
XWPFRun labelRun = para.CreateRun();
labelRun.SetText($"【{noteType}】");
labelRun.IsBold = true;
labelRun.SetColor(noteType == "警告" ? "FF6600" : "0066CC");
labelRun.FontSize = 11;
XWPFRun textRun = para.CreateRun();
textRun.SetText(text);
textRun.FontSize = 11;
return para;
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加分页符
/// </summary>
public void AddPageBreak()
{
XWPFParagraph para = _doc.CreateParagraph();
XWPFRun run = para.CreateRun();
run.AddBreak(BreakType.PAGE);
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加空行
/// </summary>
public void AddEmptyLine(int count = 1)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
_doc.CreateParagraph();
}
}
}
11.6 综合示例
11.6.1 创建技术文档
public class TechnicalDocumentExample
{
public static void CreateDocument()
{
XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument();
var template = new WordStyleTemplate(doc);
// 文档标题
template.CreateH1("NPOI技术文档");
template.AddEmptyLine();
// 第一章
template.CreateH2("1. 概述");
template.CreateBody("NPOI是一个.NET库，允许开发者读取和写入Microsoft Office文件，包括Excel、Word和PowerPoint。" +
"它是Apache POI的.NET移植版本，完全开源且免费使用。");
template.CreateBody("NPOI的主要优势包括：无需安装Office、跨平台支持、高性能等特点。");
template.AddEmptyLine();
// 第二章
template.CreateH2("2. 安装配置");
template.CreateH3("2.1 NuGet安装");
template.CreateBody("通过NuGet包管理器安装NPOI非常简单，只需执行以下命令：", false);
template.CreateCodeBlock("dotnet add package NPOI");
template.CreateH3("2.2 命名空间导入");
template.CreateBody("使用NPOI需要导入相应的命名空间：", false);
template.CreateCodeBlock("using NPOI.XWPF.UserModel;\nusing NPOI.SS.UserModel;");
template.AddEmptyLine();
// 第三章
template.CreateH2("3. 基本使用");
template.CreateBody("以下是NPOI的基本使用方法和示例代码。在实际项目中，你可以根据需要进行扩展和定制。");
template.CreateNote("NPOI支持.NET Framework 4.0及以上版本，以及.NET Core和.NET 5+。");
template.CreateNote("在服务器环境下使用时，请注意内存管理和资源释放。", "警告");
template.AddEmptyLine();
// 引用
template.CreateQuote("NPOI是处理Office文档的最佳选择之一，它提供了完整的API来操作Excel、Word和PowerPoint文件。");
// 保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("技术文档.docx", FileMode.Create))
{
doc.Write(fs);
}
Console.WriteLine("技术文档创建成功！");
}
}
11.7 本章小结
本章详细介绍了NPOI中Word段落与文本样式的高级设置。通过本章学习，你应该掌握：
- 标题样式的创建和使用
- 编号列表和项目符号的创建
- 段落边框和底纹的设置
- 文本效果和字符间距
- 上下标的使用
- 文本查找与替换
- 富文本段落的创建
- 样式模板类的封装
这些高级样式功能可以帮助你创建格式丰富、专业美观的Word文档。
下一章预告：第十二章将介绍Word表格操作，包括表格的创建、样式设置和复杂表格的处理。
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