基于C#的停车场管理系统实现

一、系统架构设计

// 核心类结构设计
public class ParkingSystem {
    private ParkingLot _parkingLot;       // 停车场实体
    private VehicleManager _vehicleMgr;   // 车辆管理
    private FeeCalculator _feeCalculator; // 计费模块
    private AccessLog _accessLog;         // 日志系统
}

public class ParkingLot {
    public int TotalSpots { get; set; }
    public int AvailableSpots { get; set; }
    public Dictionary<string, Vehicle> ParkedVehicles { get; } = new();
}

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二、核心功能实现

1. 数据库交互模块（使用SQL Server）

// DBHelper.cs 数据库操作基类
public class DBHelper {
    private static string connectionString = "Server=localhost;Database=ParkingDB;Trusted_Connection=True;";

    public static DataTable Query(string sql, SqlParameter[] parameters = null) {
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)) {
            cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
            conn.Open();
            SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            adapter.Fill(dt);
            return dt;
        }
    }

    public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, SqlParameter[] parameters = null) {
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)) {
            cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
            conn.Open();
            return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
    }
}

2. 车辆管理模块

// Vehicle.cs 车辆实体类
public class Vehicle {
    public string LicensePlate { get; set; }  // 车牌号
    public DateTime EntryTime { get; set; }   // 进入时间
    public VehicleType Type { get; set; }     // 车辆类型
    public string ParkingSpot { get; set; }   // 停车位编号
}

// VehicleManager.cs 车辆管理
public class VehicleManager {
    public bool EnterVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
        // 检查车位可用性
        if (CheckAvailability(vehicle.Type)) {
            vehicle.EntryTime = DateTime.Now;
            // 分配车位逻辑
            AssignParkingSpot(vehicle);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public decimal CalculateFee(Vehicle vehicle) {
        TimeSpan duration = DateTime.Now - vehicle.EntryTime;
        return _feeCalculator.Calculate(duration, vehicle.Type);
    }
}

3. 智能计费模块

// FeeCalculator.cs 计费引擎
public class FeeCalculator {
    private decimal _baseRate = 5.00m;  // 基础费率（元/小时）

    public decimal Calculate(TimeSpan duration, VehicleType type) {
        decimal rate = _baseRate;
        // 根据车型调整费率
        switch (type) {
            case VehicleType.Large:
                rate *= 1.5m;
                break;
            case VehicleType.Motorcycle:
                rate *= 0.5m;
                break;
        }
        decimal hours = Math.Ceiling(duration.TotalHours);
        return hours * rate;
    }
}

4. 停车位管理模块

// ParkingSpotManager.cs 车位管理
public class ParkingSpotManager {
    private Dictionary<string, SpotStatus> _spots = new();

    public void InitializeSpots(int totalSpots) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= totalSpots; i++) {
            _spots[$"P{i:00}"] = SpotStatus.Empty;
        }
    }

    public string FindNearestSpot(VehicleType type) {
        // 优先分配对应车型车位
        var availableSpots = _spots.Where(s => s.Value == SpotStatus.Empty && 
            (type == VehicleType.Car || s.Key.StartsWith("M"))).ToList();
        return availableSpots.FirstOrDefault()?.Key ?? "无可用车位";
    }
}

public enum SpotStatus { Empty, Occupied }

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三、完整系统实现流程

1. 系统初始化

static void Main(string[] args) {
    ParkingSystem system = new ParkingSystem();
    system.Init(100, 20, 50);  // 总车位100，大车位20，摩托车位50
    
    // 加载历史数据
    var vehicles = DBHelper.Query("SELECT * FROM ParkedVehicles");
    foreach (DataRow row in vehicles.Rows) {
        system.LoadVehicle(new Vehicle {
            LicensePlate = row["Plate"].ToString(),
            EntryTime = (DateTime)row["EntryTime"]
        });
    }
}

1. 车辆入场流程

public bool ProcessEntry(string plate) {
    if (!_vehicleMgr.IsVehicleRegistered(plate)) {
        _accessLog.Record($"未登记车辆尝试进入: {plate}");
        return false;
    }

    Vehicle vehicle = _vehicleMgr.GetVehicle(plate);
    if (system.AssignSpot(vehicle)) {
        _accessLog.Record($"车辆入场: {plate}，车位 {vehicle.ParkingSpot}");
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

1. 车辆离场流程

public decimal ProcessExit(string plate) {
    Vehicle vehicle = _vehicleMgr.GetVehicle(plate);
    if (vehicle == null) return 0;

    decimal fee = _feeCalculator.Calculate(vehicle);
    _parkingLot.ReleaseSpot(vehicle.ParkingSpot);
    
    // 生成电子票据
    string receipt = GenerateReceipt(vehicle, fee);
    _accessLog.Record($"车辆离场: {plate}，费用 {fee:C}，票据已生成");
    
    return fee;
}

---

四、扩展功能实现

1. 车牌识别集成

// 调用百度AI车牌识别API
public string RecognizePlate(string imagePath) {
    using (var client = new HttpClient()) {
        var response = client.PostAsync("https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/license_plate", 
            new StringContent($"access_token={accessToken}&image={Convert.ToBase64String(File.ReadAllBytes(imagePath))}"))
            .Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
        
        JObject json = JObject.Parse(response);
        return json["words_result"][0]["number"].ToString();
    }
}

2. 移动支付对接

// 微信支付接口
public bool ProcessWeChatPay(string orderId, decimal amount) {
    string url = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/unifiedorder";
    var parameters = new Dictionary<string, string> {
        { "appid", wechatAppId },
        { "mch_id", mchId },
        { "nonce_str", Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") },
        { "body", "停车费支付" },
        { "out_trade_no", orderId },
        { "total_fee", (amount * 100).ToString() },
        { "spbill_create_ip", HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString() },
        { "notify_url", "https://yourdomain.com/pay/notify" },
        { "trade_type", "NATIVE" }
    };
    
    // 签名生成与请求发送逻辑...
}

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五、系统部署建议

1. 环境要求

   • 开发环境：Visual Studio 2022 + .NET 6.0
   • 数据库：SQL Server 2019 或 MySQL 8.0
   • 硬件：支持RFID读卡器/摄像头外设

2. 安全配置

   <!-- appsettings.json -->
   {
     "Security": {
       "DbConnectionString": "EncryptedString",
       "PaymentKey": "RSA加密密钥"
     }
   }
   

3. 监控仪表盘

   // 实时车位状态显示
   public void UpdateDashboard() {
       int occupied = _parkingLot.OccupiedSpots;
       int available = _parkingLot.TotalSpots - occupied;
       Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
       Console.WriteLine($"当前车位：{available}/{_parkingLot.TotalSpots}");
       Console.ResetColor();
   }
   

参考项目代码 c# 停车场管理系统源码 www.youwenfan.com/contentcnk/62680.html

六、技术难点解析

1. 并发控制

   使用SemaphoreSlim控制同时访问：

   private SemaphoreSlim _parkingLock = new(1, 1);
   
   public async Task<bool> SafeEnterVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
       await _parkingLock.WaitAsync();
       try {
           return _vehicleMgr.EnterVehicle(vehicle);
       } finally {
           _parkingLock.Release();
       }
   }
   

2. 数据持久化

   使用Entity Framework Core实现ORM：

   public class ParkingContext : DbContext {
       public DbSet<Vehicle> Vehicles { get; set; }
       public DbSet<ParkingSpot> Spots { get; set; }
   
       protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options) {
           options.UseSqlServer("YourConnectionString");
       }
   }