Boost之开发环境搭建

版本：Windows下安装的是1.81.0，Ubantu下安装的是1.82.0

开发环境搭建
- - - Windows搭建Boost开发环境
    - Linux下搭建Boost开发环境

开发环境搭建

Windows搭建Boost开发环境

下载好MinGW并配置好c++编译器，c编译器等的环境变量：从以下输出可见我此次编译boost库使用的是GNU编译器套件

C:\Users\wzh>gcc --version
gcc (x86_64-posix-seh-rev3, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 12.1.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


C:\Users\wzh>g++ --version
g++ (x86_64-posix-seh-rev3, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 12.1.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

C:\Users\wzh>mingw32-make --version
GNU Make 4.2.1
Built for x86_64-w64-mingw32
Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

在命令行窗口下依次执行：

# 指定工具集为gcc(MinGW GCC)，当然也可以指定其他的比如说vc142，对应工具集为Visual C++ 14.2 (VS 2019)
D:\Boost\boost_1_81_0>bootstrap.bat gcc
D:\Boost\boost_1_81_0>b2
....
The Boost C++ Libraries were successfully built!

The following directory should be added to compiler include paths:

    D:\Boost\boost_1_81_0

The following directory should be added to linker library paths:

    D:\Boost\boost_1_81_0\stage\lib

编译成功以后会在boost_1_81_0\stage\lib目录下生成库文件，包含release和debug版本的。
测试程序：main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/version.hpp>

int main() {
    // 1. 测试 Boost 版本
    std::cout << "Boost 版本: "
        << BOOST_VERSION / 100000 << "."
        << BOOST_VERSION / 100 % 1000 << "."
        << BOOST_VERSION % 100
        << std::endl;

    // 2. 测试 filesystem：获取当前路径
    boost::filesystem::path current_path = boost::filesystem::current_path();
    std::cout << "当前路径: " << current_path.string() << std::endl;

    std::cout << "Boost 测试通过！" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

CMake配置如下所示：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(BoostTest)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

# 直接手动指定路径
set(BOOST_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/boost1.81.0)
set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR ${BOOST_ROOT}/include)
set(Boost_LIBRARY_DIR ${BOOST_ROOT}/lib)

# 根据构建类型设置库文件名后缀
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set(BOOST_SUFFIX "-d")
else()
    set(BOOST_SUFFIX "")
endif()

# 指定项目使用到的库文件
set(BOOST_LIBRARIES
    ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIR}/libboost_filesystem-mgw12-mt${BOOST_SUFFIX}-x64-1_81.a
    ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIR}/libboost_system-mgw12-mt${BOOST_SUFFIX}-x64-1_81.a
)

add_executable(boost_test main.cpp)

target_include_directories(boost_test PRIVATE ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries(boost_test ${BOOST_LIBRARIES})

编译运行：

# 在项目根目录下创建build目录
mkdir build
cd build

# 指定生成器，指定构建Debug版本的程序，生成Makefile
cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=gcc -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..

# 编译
mingw32-make -j4

# 运行
C:\Users\wzh\Desktop\BoostTest\build>boost_test.exe
Boost 版本: 1.81.0
当前路径: C:\Users\wzh\Desktop\BoostTest\build
Boost 测试通过！

Linux下搭建Boost开发环境

安装Docker

# 更新软件包索引
sudo apt update

# apt-transport-https：允许 apt 使用 HTTPS。
# ca-certificates：允许系统识别并验证 SSL 证书
# curl：一个通过 URL 传输数据的命令行工具
# software-properties-common：提供了管理软件源的脚本
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

# 下载并添加 Docker 官方GPG密钥，用于后续验证Docker软件包的签名是否真实、未被篡改
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

# 将 Docker 的官方软件源地址添加到你的系统中
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 更新软件包索引，然后正式安装 Docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 验证docker是否安装成功，可以查看docker的运行状态
sudo systemctl status docker

更改镜像源

sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
# 该文件添加如下内容
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://docker.1ms.run",
    "https://docker.1ms.run",
    "https://hub.1panel.dev",
    "https://docker.1panel.live"
  ]
}
# 重启docker服务
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

创建一个名为cpp-dev的Docker容器，基于Ubuntu22.04镜像，并在后台运行，同时保持容器可交互。

docker run -itd --name cpp-dev ubuntu:22.04

安装boost，安装完成后会在/usr/local/boost_1_82_0/include目录下存在头文件，在/usr/local/boost_1_82_0/lib目录下存在库文件

# 进入容器
sudo docker exec -it cpp-dev /bin/bash
apt-get update
apt install build-essential
apt install wget
wget https://archives.boost.io/release/1.82.0/source/boost_1_82_0.tar.gz

apt-get install  python2-dev autotools-dev libicu-dev build-essential libbz2-dev libboost-all-dev cmake vim

tar zxvf boost_1_82_0.tar.gz
cd ./boost_1_82_0
# prefix指定安装目录
./bootstrap.sh --prefix=/usr/local/boost_1_82_0
./b2 install

测试：注意Ubuntu 22.04 系统默认安装了 Boost 1.74.0，请确保程序中使用的是你安装的版本呢。

CMake配置如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
project(boost_test)

# 设置 C++ 标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

# 设置 Boost 的路径
set(BOOST_ROOT /usr/local/boost_1_82_0)

# 查找 Boost 库的组件
find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS system filesystem)

# 调试输出
message(STATUS "Boost_FOUND = ${Boost_FOUND}")
message(STATUS "Boost_VERSION = ${Boost_VERSION}")
message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS = ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES = ${Boost_LIBRARIES}")
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS = ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS}")

# 查看查找时使用的路径
message(STATUS "BOOST_ROOT = ${BOOST_ROOT}")
message(STATUS "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH = ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}")

# 源文件列表
file(GLOB SOURCES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cpp)

add_executable(boost_test ${SOURCES})

# 头文件路径
target_include_directories(boost_test 
    PRIVATE 
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/
    ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

# 链接 Boost 库
target_link_libraries(boost_test PRIVATE ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

源程序同上main.cpp
编译运行：

cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
make -j4
./boost_test

开发环境打包：统一团队之间的开发环境

# 打包容器，生成镜像
docker commit cpp-dev cpp-dev:1.0
# 将镜像压缩
docker save -o cpp-dev.tar cpp-dev:1.0

posted on 2026-04-07 23:10 scrutiny-span 阅读(6) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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Boost之开发环境搭建

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