化零为整WCF(13) - 并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)

作者：webabcd

介绍
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) - 并发控制：以ConcurrencyMode.Multiple并发模式及InstanceContextMode.Single实例模型为例（此时有并发问题），介绍如何做并发控制，即各种锁的使用（Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock）

示例
1、服务
Enum.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock

{

/// <summary>

/// 锁类型的枚举

/// </summary>

[DataContract]

public enum LockType

{

/// <summary>

/// 不使用任何并发控制

/// </summary>

[EnumMember]

None,

/// <summary>

/// Mutex

/// </summary>

[EnumMember]

Mutex,

/// <summary>

/// Semaphore

/// </summary>

[EnumMember]

Semaphore,

/// <summary>

/// Monitor

/// </summary>

[EnumMember]

Monitor,

/// <summary>

/// Lock

/// </summary>

[EnumMember]

Lock

}

IHello.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock

{

/// <summary>

/// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口

/// </summary>

[ServiceContract]

public interface IHello

{

/// <summary>

/// 计数器

/// </summary>

/// <param name="lockType">锁的类型</param>

[OperationContract]

void Counter(LockType lockType);

/// <summary>

/// 获取计数器被调用的结果

/// </summary>

/// <returns></returns>

[OperationContract]

string GetResult();

/// <summary>

/// 清空计数器和结果

/// </summary>

[OperationContract]

void CleanResult();

}

Hello.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock

{

/// <summary>

/// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口

/// </summary>

/// <remarks>

/// ServiceBehavior - 指定服务协定实现的内部执行行为

/// 实例模型：单例；并发模式：多线程

/// 会有并发问题，通过锁来解决

/// </remarks>

[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]

public class Hello : IHello

{

private int _counter;

private string _result;

private System.Threading.Mutex _mutex = new System.Threading.Mutex();

// 此构造函数初始化未命名的信号量。所有使用这类信号量的实例的线程都必须具有对该实例的引用。

// 如果 initialCount 小于 maximumCount，则效果与当前线程调用了 WaitOne（maximumCount 减去 initialCount）次相同。如果不想为创建信号量的线程保留任何入口，请对 maximumCount 和 initialCount 使用相同的数值。

private System.Threading.Semaphore _semaphore = new System.Threading.Semaphore(1, 1);

private static readonly object objLock = new object();

/// <summary>

/// 计数器

/// </summary>

/// <returns></returns>

public void Counter(LockType lockType)

{

switch (lockType)

{

case LockType.None:

ExecuteNone();

break;

case LockType.Mutex:

ExecuteMutex();

break;

case LockType.Semaphore:

ExecuteSemaphore();

break;

case LockType.Monitor:

ExecuteMonitor();

break;

case LockType.Lock:

ExecuteLock();

break;

}

/// <summary>

/// 获取计数器被调用的结果

/// </summary>

/// <returns></returns>

public string GetResult()

{

return _result;

}

/// <summary>

/// 清空计数器和结果

/// </summary>

public void CleanResult()

{

_result = "";

_counter = 0;

}

/// <summary>

/// 循环调用技术器，以模拟并发

/// 结果中，出现重复计数，则有并发问题，反之，则无并发问题

/// </summary>

private void CircleCounter()

{

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

var counter = _counter;

// 停20毫秒，以模拟并发

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);

_counter = ++counter;

// 保存计数结果

_result += _counter + "|";

}

/// <summary>

/// 不使用任何并发控制

/// </summary>

private void ExecuteNone()

{

CircleCounter();

}

/// <summary>

/// Mutex的实现

/// </summary>

private void ExecuteMutex()

{

try

{

_mutex.WaitOne();

CircleCounter();

}

finally

{

_mutex.ReleaseMutex();

}

/// <summary>

/// Semaphore的实现

/// </summary>

private void ExecuteSemaphore()

{

try

{

_semaphore.WaitOne();

CircleCounter();

}

finally

{

_semaphore.Release();

}

/// <summary>

/// Monitor的实现

/// </summary>

private void ExecuteMonitor()

{

try

{

System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(this);

CircleCounter();

}

finally

{

System.Threading.Monitor.Exit(this);

}

/// <summary>

/// Lock的实现

/// </summary>

private void ExecuteLock()

{

try

{

lock (objLock)

{

CircleCounter();

}

finally

{

}

2、宿主
Hello.svc

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock.Hello" %>

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<system.serviceModel>

</behavior>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

3、客户端
Hello.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Hello.aspx.cs"

Inherits="ConcurrencyLock_Hello" Title="并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="Server">

</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="Server">

<p>

<asp:Button ID="btnCleanResult" runat="server" Text="清空结果" OnClick="btnCleanResult_Click" />

<asp:Button ID="btnHelloNone" runat="server" Text="HelloNone" OnCommand="btn_Command"

CommandName="None" />

<asp:Button ID="btnHelloMutex" runat="server" Text="HelloMutex" OnCommand="btn_Command"

CommandName="Mutex" />

<asp:Button ID="btnHelloSemaphore" runat="server" Text="HelloSemaphore" OnCommand="btn_Command"

CommandName="Semaphore" />

<asp:Button ID="btnHelloMonitor" runat="server" Text="HelloMonitor" OnCommand="btn_Command"

CommandName="Monitor" />

<asp:Button ID="btnHelloLock" runat="server" Text="HelloLock" OnCommand="btn_Command"

CommandName="Lock" />

<br />

<ul>

<li>None：不使用并发控制（有并发问题，会出现重复的计数）</li>

<li>其他：使用相关的并发控制（无并发问题，不会出现重复的计数）</li>

</ul>

</p>

<div>

<asp:TextBox ID="txtResult" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine" Style="width: 98%;

height: 200px" />

</div>

<div>

<ul>

<li>Mutex - 提供对资源的独占访问</li>

<li>Semaphore - 限制可同时访问某一资源或资源池的线程数</li>

<li>Monitor - 提供同步访问对象的机制</li>

<li>Lock - 关键字将语句块标记为临界区，方法是获取给定对象的互斥锁，执行语句，然后释放该锁</li>

<li>ThreadPool - 提供一个线程池，该线程池可用于发送工作项、处理异步 I/O、代表其他线程等待以及处理计时器</li>

<li>Interlocked - 为多个线程共享的变量提供原子操作</li>

<li>ReaderWriterLock - 定义支持单个写线程和多个读线程的锁</li>

</ul>

</div>

</asp:Content>

Hello.aspx.cs

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Configuration;

using System.Data;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Security;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;

using System.Xml.Linq;

using System.Threading;

public partial class ConcurrencyLock_Hello : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

}

protected void btn_Command(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)

{

// 线程1

var thread1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Do));

thread1.Start(e.CommandName);

// 线程2

var thread2 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Do));

thread2.Start(e.CommandName);

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

Thread.Sleep(100);

if (thread1.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped && thread2.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped)

{

// 返回服务端的技术器的调用结果

var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient();

txtResult.Text = proxy.GetResult();

proxy.Close();

break;

}

private void Do(object commandName)

{

ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType lockType = (ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType)Enum.Parse(typeof(ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType), (string)commandName);

// 调用服务端技术器

using (var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient())

{

proxy.Counter(lockType);

}

protected void btnCleanResult_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

// 清空计数器和结果

using (var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient())

{

proxy.CleanResult();

}

txtResult.Text = "";

}

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<system.serviceModel>

</client>

</system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

运行结果：
单击"HelloNone"按钮：不使用并发控制（有并发问题，会出现重复的计数）
单击"HelloMutex", "HelloSemaphore", "HelloMonitor", "HelloLock"按钮：使用相应的并发控制（无并发问题，不会出现重复的计数）

OK
[源码下载]

posted @ 2008-06-11 08:02 webabcd 阅读(6702) 评论(10) 编辑收藏举报

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化零为整WCF(13) - 并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)

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