Nucleases | DNA degradation

要全面理解cfDNA的产生过程,1. 首先需要搞清楚核小体的footprint,核小体的排布决定了哪些genome 片段能被保护下来。2. 程序性死亡(apoptosis)过程中,DNA的降解需要哪些细胞(例如macrophage),哪些酶(DFF/CAD、DNA1L3、DNASE1)参与了哪一步? 

 

问题先列在这里,有想法时再来填坑。

Contents

0. nucleosome 已知的知识点

Controls of Nucleosome Positioning in the Human Genome 这篇文章系统的总结了nucleosome的一般规律:

1. genome有接近一半的区域被nucleosome包裹(该结果与Snyder et al cfDNA推断的数量接近,13M nucleosome centers)

2. 细胞与细胞之间,nucleosome print并不完全一致,大概只有8.7%具有very consistent positioning among cells

3. chromosome 12 上有一段保守区域,上面有超过400个nucleosomes 具有strong positioning,由tandem repetition导致。

4. position 对sequence 也有偏好性,1). AA/AT/TA/TT dinucleotides are favored where the DNA minor groove faces inwards towards the histone surface, and CC/CG/GC/GG dinucleotides are favored。 2) active promoters ,TFs 例如CTCF。这是因为protein的结合,形成了barrier,限制了nucleosome position,就不会出现shifting的情况。更强的nucleosome positioning (high occupancy)则是因为 regulatory regions have high predicted nucleosome occupancy as a consequence of their high GC content。也对应了第一个原因。

5. cell to cell 的distance往往是10bp的倍数

6. Single nucleotide polymorphisms can affect the positioning of nucleosome arrays,这也是个体与个体间差别的一个原因

1. What are those nucleases, and their functions in the DNA degradation

2. Gene expression of the nucleases in tissues

3. Nucleosome prints and the 10bp period production of cfDNA

4. Why is fetal cfDNA short than maternal cfDNA, and cancer-origin cfDNA shorter than normal cfDNA?

5. nucleases 是否具有外切酶活性,决定了其能不能参与 cfDNA shorten 的过程,例如MNase 有外切活性,所以linker DNA会完全trim掉,只有core particles with 146 bp 被保留。相反,DFF不具外切活性,就不会overdigest the chromatin,linker DNA得以保留下来。what about DNA1L3 and DNASE1。

 这篇文章试图用nuclei 体外酶切 to produce matched maternal and fetal cfDNA,提到了有无外切酶活性的区别。

6. nucleases 偏好的 cutting motif。

 

posted @ 2020-06-27 19:36  wangbkmark  阅读(218)  评论(0)    收藏  举报