Javascript 中闭包(Closure)的探索(二)-私有变量和函数
利用匿名函数形成闭包可以在javascript中实现面向对象语言中的访问权限控制。即在javascript中也能实现私有变量。
参考网址:http://www.crockford.com/javascript/private.html
1.构造私有变量和公有变量
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head>
<title>JsClosure2</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ClassFunc() {
this.publicMem = "public";
var privateMem = "private";
}
function closureTestClick() {
var test = new ClassFunc();
alert(test.publicMem);
alert(test.privateMem);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="closureTest" onclick="closureTestClick()" />
</body>
</html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head>
<title>JsClosure2</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ClassFunc() {
this.publicMem = "public";
var privateMem = "private";
}
function closureTestClick() {
var test = new ClassFunc();
alert(test.publicMem);
alert(test.privateMem);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="closureTest" onclick="closureTestClick()" />
</body>
</html>
结果:alert(test.publicMem);可以正常显示,alert(test.privateMem);显示“undefined”。
结果分析:通过var定义的私有变量外界无法访问,如果要外界可以访问,需要构造get,set方法。
<script type="text/javascript">
function ClassFunc() {
this.publicMem = "public";
var privateMem = "private";
this.getprivateMem = function() {
return privateMem;
}
this.setprivateMem = function(val) {
privateMem = val;
}
}
function closureTestClick() {
var test = new ClassFunc();
alert(test.getprivateMem());
test.setprivateMem("private changed!");
alert(test.getprivateMem());
}
</script>
结果:如预期的一样显示“private”和“private changed!”。
2.私有函数
与私有变量的定义类似,不是通过this来定义的函数都是私有函数。
私有函数外部无法调用,但是可以通过内部的公有函数来调用。
测试代码如下:
<script type="text/javascript">
function ClassFunc() {
this.publicMem = "public";
var privateMem = "private";
this.getprivateMem = function() {
return privateMem;
}
this.setprivateMem = function(val) {
privateMem = val;
}
function privateFunc() {
privateMem = "private changed!";
// 此处的赋值并没有如预期的那样给test.publicMem成员赋值
this.publicMem = "public changed!";
}
this.callprivateFunc = function() {
privateFunc();
}
}
function closureTestClick() {
var test = new ClassFunc();
// 变更前
alert("privateMem="+test.getprivateMem());
alert("publicMem=" + test.publicMem);
test.callprivateFunc();
// 变更后
alert("privateMem=" + test.getprivateMem());
alert("publicMem=" + test.publicMem);
}
</script>
变更后的结果privateMem如预期一样,而publicMem仍然是“public”,并没有改变。
这是因为函数privateFunc() 中this.publicMem 的this已经不是指向test这个js对象了。
关于this的指向为什么会变,参见我的第三篇文章,介绍javascript的scope的。
本例中为了能够修改test的publicMem属性,有两个方法:
其一,也是常用的,直接在外部修改publicMem,因为publicMem是公有变量。
test.publicMem = "public changed!";
其二,在函数callprivateFunc 和privateFunc中增加一个参数,显示的传入test对象。
<script type="text/javascript">
function ClassFunc() {
this.publicMem = "public";
var privateMem = "private";
this.getprivateMem = function() {
return privateMem;
}
this.setprivateMem = function(val) {
privateMem = val;
}
function privateFunc(obj) {
privateMem = "private changed!";
// 直接给obj.publicMem赋值
obj.publicMem = "public changed!";
}
this.callprivateFunc = function(obj) {
privateFunc(obj);
}
}
function closureTestClick() {
var test = new ClassFunc();
// 变更前
alert("privateMem="+test.getprivateMem());
alert("publicMem=" + test.publicMem);
test.callprivateFunc(test);
// 变更后
alert("privateMem=" + test.getprivateMem());
alert("publicMem=" + test.publicMem);
}
</script>

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