英语笔记

词句

However,it's easier said than done. —— 然而，说起来容易，做起来难

Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them how to look after themselves

——做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性，并教会他们如何照顾自己 《八下课本》P22

In the final exam, I made great progress. ——期末考试，我进步很大

It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行

A good miss is as good as a mile. 差之毫厘，谬以千里。

It's easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮

It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老

Honesty is the best policy ！诚实是上策

No pains , no gains 一分耕耘，一份收获

This story reminds us that you can never know what's possible unless you try to make it happen

这个故事提醒我们，除非你努力让它发生，否则你永远无法知道什么是可能的《八下课本》P102

The US has a smaller population than China

The population of China is bigger/larger than that of the US

China has a history of 5000 years

——《八下课本》P50

The country enjoys prosperity, and the people live in peace 国泰民安——《课堂八下》P152

Take your time. 不慌，慢慢来

It's none of your business. 关你什么事

It serves you right 活该

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧

A good deed is its own reward 善有善报

You got me there 你把我难住了

People sure change 人都会变

It serves you right 活该

you said it 你说得对

just in case 以防万一

填词

1. instead 代替；反而；却

2. whatever 任何；每一

3. perhaps 可能；大概；也许

4. while 然而

5. unless 除非 … （否则）

6. although 虽然 … （但是）

7. so … that … 如此 … 以至于

8. before 在……之前

9. after 在……之后

10. whether 不管……（还是）；或者……（或者）；是否

11. among （三者或三者以上）其中之一

12. between 两者之间

13. especially （对前面所说的事物进行进一步的说明）尤其是

14. by （九年级课本P1）

    • 通过……方式、手段
    • 旁边、在……旁（by the lake）
    • 不迟于、到……时为止（by supper time）
    • 表方式、手段
    • 用于被动句中（English is spoken by many people）
    • 固定搭配：by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；by and by 不久以后；by oneself 独自…… ; side by side 肩并肩

15. so

    • so + adj/adv + that 从句
    • so + adj +a/an + 可数名词 + that 从句
    • so + many/few/much/little + that 从句
    • so 和 such：so big a house that = such a big house that

16. 防范 形如 like,dislike 或 expensive,inexpensive 这样还能变化成与原词意思相反的转换！

17. interviewer \(\rightarrow\) interviewee 采访者 \(\rightarrow\) 被采访者

18. until 与 before 的关系

    I have to buy a lot of things until the Spring Festival.

    I have to buy a lot of things before the Spring Festival.

    表达上，until A 表示在 A 事件这个期间（直到最后一刻）一直在做，而 before A 并没有那么强烈

过渡句

From then on，…… 从那时开始

情景交际

It's no big deal ——这不重要 《八下课本》P22

It depends ——看情况 《八下课本》P22

几个 表建议 的句式（《八下课本》P26）：

1. （Maybe）you should …
2. Why don't you … do？= Why not do … ？ = What about doing … = How about doing …
3. Let's do …
4. You'd better（not）do 你最好 ……

It's my pleasure. 这是我的荣幸（在已经帮别人做完后说）（《八下课本》P26）

With pleasure 我很荣幸（别人请求帮助，但还没解决）（《八下课本》P26）

All right = OK 好的（《八下课本》P26）

You're welcome ! 不客气

What a shame！真可惜；真丢脸

Safe journey！一路平安！

It doesn't matter. 没关系

You are kidding ! 你在开玩笑吧！

in that case 既然那样的话，假使那样的话

少见词

light 轻的

drop 放弃

salt lake 咸水湖 freshwater lake 淡水湖

see （通过查看、打听等）弄清；了解；查看；发（信息或事实）

clear 畅通无阻

固定搭配

A

ask

• ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事

advise

• advise doing sth 建议某人做某事
• advise sb to do 建议某人做某事
• advise + 从句 建议某人做某事

avoid

• avoid doing sth 避免做某事

B

beat

• beat

  敲打；打败；（心）跳

belong

• belong to sb

C

clean

• clean up 收拾（clean up 强调结果，clean 强调动作）

call

• call in 召见
• call on sb. （短暂地）拜访

come

• come out

  出版；发行；出来

• come across 偶遇

• come to oneself 苏醒

• come along 跟随；达到

• come up with

  想出（主意、计划…）

• come over

  来（强调两人距离较远）（The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over）

compete

• compete with sb 和某人竞争

compare

• compare A with B 把 A 和 B 作比较（侧重对比两者的差异）
• compare A to B 把 A 比作 B（强调类比两者的相似性，如：People compare life to a journey.）

cut

• cut out

  删除，删去（Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities.《八下课本》P30）

communicate

• communicate A to B 把 A 传到 B 上

check

• check out 察看；观察

consider

• consider doing sth.
• consider sth/sb (as) sth/sb

contact

• contact with 联系某人，与某人接触

D

divide

• divide ... into ... 把 ... 分成 ...
• divide … up 分配

deal

• deal

  处理（how to deal with）；交易；成立

drop

• be dropped from 从 … 当中移除

die

• die down

  逐渐减弱；逐渐消失（He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down）

desire

• desire to do sth 渴望；强烈的欲望

due

• due 形容词：预定；预期；预计

  Rose (is due to) start school in January

  Our plane is (due) at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12:30.

  You are due for a medical examination next month

  ——《八下课本》P92

• be due to do sth

• be due for sth

• due to 由于

draw

• draw one's attention 引起某人注意

dare

• dare to do 敢于做某事

E

expect

• expect sb to do

express

• express … to sb

F

fix

• fix

  使固定，安装；决定，确定（日期、数量、时间）；安排，组织

  搭配：fix a meeting

• fix sth. with sb. 与某人商量安排好某事

• fix up

  修理（I fixed it up）；装饰

find

• find sb doing sth

  发现某人做某事（I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.《八下课本》P26）

fight

• get into a fight with sb ——《八下课本》P25

  和某人打架

• have a fight with sb

  和某人打架（I had a fight with my parents.）

fill

• fill sth with sth

  用某物填满某物（Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with many straw men 稻草人）

fall

• fall in love 坠入爱河
• fall over 绊倒（Some of young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over《八下课本》P54）

fail

• fail to do sth

G

give

• give out

  分发（give out food）；发光（give out light）；发热（give out heat）；

  用尽，耗尽（ Dance till my legs give out）；揭露（I wonder if it is necessary to give out his wrongful acts.）

• give away

  赠送，捐赠（I gave it away）；泄露

• give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

• give back to sb 还给

get

• get on with

  关系良好，和睦相处（My problem is that I can't get on with my family.《八下课本》P27）

• get over

  克服；恢复

go

• go off

  （闹钟）发出响声（My alarm didn't go off so I woke up late.《八下课本》P34）

H

help

• help to do sth.
• help with sth.
• help each other 互相帮助
• can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

hand

• hand out 分发

hang

• hang up 挂断电话
• hang on 别挂电话；抓紧
• hang from 挂在某处
• hang out with sb. 跟某人一起闲逛

hold

• hold on 别挂电话；抓紧
• hold out 伸出（手或手里的东西）
• hold off 阻止

push

• push sb hard

  把某人逼得太紧（People shouldn't push their kids so hard.《八下课本》P30）

hope

• hope to do

hit

• hit sb that 突然想起（It hit me that I still have a chance to win the game.）

I

involve

• involve sb 让某人参与某事，强调参与的过程
• involve oneself in sth 某人主动参与某事，强调个人的主动性和投入

J

join

• join

  （成为其中一员）后可跟the club，the Army，sb。

K

L

look

• look through

  浏览（I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.《八下课本》P26）；快速查看

• look forward to doing 期待（I'm looking forward to seeing you.）

• look over 查看；审视

• look up （通过词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看

lead

• lead to 导致

M

make

• make it adj. for sb. to do sth. 使做某事变得…
• make a difference to sb./sth. 对某物或某人产生巨大影响
• make one's way 前往（When the school basket ball competition started，Kate was still making her way to school）；费力地前进
• make change 做变化
• make sb do/adj（He can make 72 changes to his shape and size.《八下课本》P43）
• make (up) a conversations = make a dialog
• be made from/of

mind

• mind sb doing sth

  不介意某人做某事（You should explain that you don't mind him watching TV all the time.《八下课本》P27）

marry

• marry sb, marry sb to sb, get married

meet

• meet one's eyes 与某人眼睛对视

N

need

• there is no need for sb to do sth

  对某人没必要做某事（There is no need for kids to do chores now.《八下课本》P22）

O

offer

• offer sb sth 给某人提供某物
• offer to do sth 主动做某事

opinion

• in one's opinion 依……看

P

put

• put down

  写下；放下；贬低

• put out

  扑灭

  搭配：put out notices

• put away

  把…放回某处

• put on

  增肥（After the Spring Festival, I put on 3 jin when I returned to school.）；穿上；上演

• put off

  推迟（We can't put off making a plan）

• put up

  搭建；举起；粘贴（We could put up signs）

  搭配：put up signs

pass

• pass ——《八下书本》P20

  通过（The road is so narrow that the car can't pass it）；合格（I pass the exam）；（时间）流逝（The day passed slowly）

• pass sb. sth. 给某人递某物

past

• past ——《八下书本》P20

  [adj] 过去的（in the past three years）；[prep] 超过，越过（half past two）；[adv] 经过（I called when he ran past）

provide

• provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 《八下课本》P22

  给某人提供某物（It's parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home）

pay

• pay for
• pay attention to doing 集中注意力 …
• pay off 取得成功（I'm sure that your hard work will pay off.）
• pay back 偿还，报复

prefer

• prefer to do 宁可做某事；更喜欢做某事

• prefer doing 喜欢做某事

• prefer doing A to doing B 比起做A，我更喜欢做B

  He preferred reading newspapers or watching football matches on TV to talking to us.

  ——《八下课堂》P137

pick

• pick up 感染（It seems that the aged pick up the flu more easily from the cases.

  老年人似乎更容易从病例中感染流感。 ——《课堂八下》P89）

• 学习、掌握 （He picked up Chinese during his stay in China.——《八下课堂》P136）

part

• part with 离开；分开

present

• be present 出场
• at present 目前

Q

R

ride

• get a ride 搭便车

raise

• raise

  往返；抚养（raise the children）；提升，举起；

regard

• regard ... as... 把…当成…，把…视为…

request

• request sth of sb 请求某人做某事（The president requested an emergency session of the United Nations. 总统请求联合国召开紧急会议）
• request that + ...
• make a request （He made a request that I should help him.）

remind

• remind sb to do sth

rise

• rise to 克服困难，克服挑战

S

show

• show up

  出现：It was 10 o'clock when he finally showed up.

• show off 炫耀

stop

• stop by 顺便来访

search

• search someplace for sth（The police searched the whole city for the missing children.——《八下课本》P78）
• search for sth

speed

• speed up 加快速度
• at a/the speed of 以……的速度
• at high/low speed 以高/低速
• speed limit 最高车速限制

suggest

• suggest sth to sb 向某人建议某事
• suggest sb doing 建议某人做某事
• suggest + 从句（从句中谓语动词用 should + 动词原型，should 可以省略）

see

• see sb off 为某人送行

stick

• stick sth on sth 把某物贴在某物上
• stick to + n. / doing 坚持
• stick sth into sth 把……刺入
• stick up for 维护，支持

T

try

• try out

  参加…选拔；试用

• try to do 竭尽所能做

take

• take after

  （外貌、性格）像

• take to 开始养成（某种习惯）

• take on 承担（My mom did all she could do to take on her responsibilities 《八下课堂》P94）

• take in

  理解；吸入；吸收；欺骗；收留

• take up doing sth 开始做某事

turn

• turn … into … 把 … 变成　…（He can turn himself into different animals and objects.《八下课本》P43）

touch

• touch down 着陆

tie

• tie A to B 把 A 绑在 B 上

U

use

• used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（《八下书本》P10）例句：I used to smoke.
• be used doing sth. 习惯于做某事（《八下书本》P10） 例句：He is used to travelling by train.
• use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事（《八下书本》P10）
• be used to do sth 被用来做某事 例句：This knife is used to cut bread.
• be used as 被作为……使用
• used to 型否定句：used not to, usedn't to,didn't use to

V

W

walk

• walk into 走路时撞着（Some of young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over）

whether

• whether ... or not 不管（But whether he will come or not , you must keep happy.）

X

Y

Z

特殊表达

• all the time

  反复；频繁（You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house！《八下书本》P19）

• so … that … 如此 … 以至于 … （I was so busy looking for the umbrella that I didn't see a car coming. 《八下课本》P34）

• It's adj for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事十分……

• It's typical of sb to do sth 《八下课本》P30

  这是某人的典型行为

  另：typical 并不是 ”特别的“ 的意思

• never lift a finger 不懂一根手指，形容懒

• beat heavily against 用力敲打（Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.《八下课本》P35）

• an idea come to me 一个想法浮现在我的脑海中

• an idea hit me 我突然有了一个想法

• be blind to 对 … 视而不见

• raise spirits 鼓舞士气

• take pride in = be proud of 为 … 感到高兴

• back and forth 来回地

• turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻

• invite trouble 找麻烦

• as well as 还有（Reading is important as well as easy.）

• at sea 困惑；迷茫

• day after day and year after year 日复一日，年复一年

• Chinese folk/traditional story 中国民间/传统故事

• Western fairy/fairytales story 西方童话故事

• would rather do than do 宁愿做也不愿做

• prefer to do ... rather than do ... 宁愿做，也不愿做

• low spirit 精神低落

• make ends meet 收支平衡（In order to make ends meet, she never took time off. 《课堂八下》P94）

• put the effort into sth 把精力投入到某件事上（I put the effort into it every day《课堂八下》P94）

• role model 榜样

• stand up to 抵抗

• feel free to do 随意做某事

• or so 大约（Another 700 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries.）

• on the same page 达成共识，意见一致（The team leader organized a meeting to make sure everybody was on the same page.《八下课堂》P144）

• with very little effort 不费吹灰之力

• clear the air 消除误会

• no longer 不再

• go out to sea 出海

• catch sight of 看见（The policemen caught sight of the thief running to the bus stop《KT八下》P120）

• be hard on 对 …… 严厉 （I might be a little hard on him.）

• all year round = at any time 全年

• collect oneself 收敛心神→调整

• pay a visit 拜访

• be proud of 为 …… 感到骄傲

• take pride in 以 …… 为傲

• be certain about 对……有把握

• it's a shame that + 从句 或 it's a shame to do sth

• drop a line to 写信给某人

• in the way 挡路

• have a conversation with sb about sth

• play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑（I played a joke on my brother.）

• be stressed out 感到压力大（Are you always stressed out when you have a test ?）

• be busy doing sth 忙碌于做某事（My grandma is busy heating the tomato and beef soup for Jimmy in the kitchen.）

• create a fight 引发争端（Because she could create a fight out of anything.）

• staring at 凝视，盯着某物看

• It has been suggested that 有人建议（It has been suggested that bright children take their exams early. ）

• between the lines 字里行间

• create bad feelings 使情绪低落

• beside the point 离题，无关紧要

• be in business 从事行业

• no matter 无论，不论

• low product cost 低产品成本 high-quality labor market 高质量的劳动力市场

• take ... into consideration 考虑到，将 ... 纳入考虑

• be worth doing sth 值得做某事

• by accident 意外地 by mistake 错误地 by design 故意地（相对于 on purpose 更正式）

• have to do with 与 ... 有关

• be honored with 被誉为

• out of the question（《课》九上P125 I knew that our having dinner togetherwas totally out of the question） 毫无可能

  out of question（= without doubt） 毫无疑问

• beat sb. to it 捷足先登 Somebody already beat you to it （Somebody did it before you did）

• be supposed to = should 应该（You're supposed to spare more time to listen to music.）

• be pleased with 对……满意（He was pleased with my babysitting experience.）

• feel like doing sth 想要做（What do you feel like watching today?）

• on one's own = by oneself

• It makes no sense to do sth 没有意义做某事

听力

1. 注意区分 past 和 passed
2. What … for？=Why ?
3. 考虑 marry , mary , merry 的区别

词的用法

一般

• as soon as= the minute（《八下书本》P19）

• university 比 college 等级高一点

• how to deal with=what to do with（只能这样搭配《八下课本》P26）

• It's adj for sb to do sth 和 It's adj for sb doing sth

  例句：It's not easy being your age, and it's normal to have these feelings.《八下课本》P27

  这里就是前句就是为了强调现在的状态才使用了 It's adj for sb doing sth .

• instead 和 instead of

  考虑 instead 放在句首，跟一个完整的句子（后面没有逗号）

  但是 instead of 意为 取代（I'll be the leader instead of you. ——《八下课本》P27后面的是取代对象）；而不是

• the other，another，the other，others，the others 之间的区别

  

• when 和 while 的区别？

  • 当主句动作是持续的，从句动作是短暂的，此时用 when 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时态，从句用一般过去时态

    例句：When I arrived at home , my mum was cooking.

  • 当主句动作时短暂的，从句动作是持续的，此时两者都可以引导从句，主句一般过去时态，从句过去进行时态。

    例句：I arrived at home while/when my mum was cooking.

  • 当主句和从句的动作在过去的某时刻或某时段同时发生，二期动作都是时序行的，此时用 while 引导从句，主句从句都用过去进行时态‘

    例句：I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.

• be interested in 和 become interested in 的区别

  be interested in 强调一种状态

  become interested in 强调一个变化的过程

• 代词放中间（cheer them up），名词放两边（cheer up the kids）——《八下书本》P17

• since then 从那时起：这是现在完成时的标志

• 遇到成分复杂的句子可以先划分一下成分（如臭长的时间状语）

• 在完形填空中，注意区分短暂性动词，持续性动词。因为一者强调动作，译者强调状态（比如I buy a book是一个动作，I have a book就是持续的）

• 价格有高低（high/low），东西有贵贱（expensive,cheap），人口有大小（large/big/small）

• 数字的表示：

  5:five
  25:twenty-five
  205:two hundred and five
  1,025:one thousand and twenty-five
  6,671:six thousand six hundred and seventy-one
  8,848.82:eight thousand eight hundred and forty-eight point eight two
  9,000,000:nine million
      
  trillion billion million thousand 
  _ _ _   , _ _ _ , _ _ _ , _ _ _  , _ _ _ (逗号之间的数字皆使用一千以内的方法表示,中间无and)
                                5  , 0 0 0  :  five thousand
                              2 5  , 0 0 0  :  25 thousand
                            1 2 5  , 0 0 0  :  125 thousand
                        1 , 0 0 0  , 0 0 0  :  one million
                      2 1 , 0 0 0  , 0 0 0  :  21 million
                    5 2 1 , 0 0 0  , 0 0 0  :  521 million (百万)
                1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0  , 0 0 0  :  one billion (十亿)
      1   , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0  , 0 0 0  :  one trillion (兆)   
  
  

• high & tall

  high:
  1.mountain/wall ----adj.
  2.从顶点到地面的距离
   high window
   high branch
  3.含量高
   high in fat 脂肪高
  4.fly high , jump high   ---adv.
  

• get on with = get along with

• fit,suit,match 的区别

  fit:（尺寸大小）合适

  suit:（颜色）合适

  match: 搭配

• any longer,any more 的区别

  由于 any more 中的 more 是 many 的比较级，所以 any more 强调量

  然后由于 any longer 中的 long ，所以 any longer 也就强调动作

• fast,quick 区别《八下课本》P58

  fast: 速度快，如 fast train/car

  quick: 时间短，如 a quick look, a quick answer

• each other = one another

• worth 和 value 的区别

  worth:
  1. adj
  be worth about + 价格   值多少钱
  be worth sth/doing  (行动)值，有价值
  2. n
  10 dollars' worth of books  价值 $10$ 的书
  
  value:
  1. n
  可数或不可数
  - (商品的)价值
  - (与价格相比)划算程度
  2. v
  - 重视、珍视，给 …… 估价
  - value sth at + 价格
  

• journey, travel, trip, tour 的区别

  journey：长途旅行

  travel：广义的概念

  trip：短途

  tour：巡回

• be going to 和 will 的区别

  be going to : 打算做 will : 将要做，并无规定或计划之意

• probably , possibly 的区别

  probably：极有可能 possibly：只是可能

• sleepy ，asleep 的区别

  asleep ：睡着的 sleepy：困的

• raise ，quick 和 rapid 的区别

  quick：强调动作快 rapid：多指社会发展速度

• at long last 和 finally 的区别

  at long last：终于（表示经过漫长的等待或努力后，最终发生或实现了某事）

  finally：最终（长时间后，尤其是遇到一些困难或延误时）

• not .. anymore = not ... any longer = no longer

• according to sb = in one's opinion 根据

• sure 和 certain 区别

  It's certain that they will agree.（It's certain that + 从句）

  They're certain to agree.（某人 be certain to do）

  He is sure that he will agree（某人 be sure that + 从句）

  It's sure to rain. （It's sure to do）

• aloud,loudly,loud 的区别

  aloud：与 call，shout，cry，read 等词连用（突出发声地、大声地）

  loud ：① 副词，几乎；总是 loud enough，as loud as，或与 too,very,so 连用 ② 形容词 in a loud voice

  loudly：喧闹地，大声地常与knock，ring连用 （令人讨厌，或打扰别人）

• too,also,as well,either 之间的区别

  例句：She can sing,and she can dance as well =
  She can sing and she can dance,too = She can sing and she can also dance

• not … both 和 not … either

  I don't like both of them 我不是两个都喜欢（部分否定）

  I don't like either of them 我不喜欢当中的任何一个（完全否定）

• hope 和 wish 的区别

  hope：跟可以实现的愿望

  wish：跟难以实现的愿望或美好愿望

• rob 和 steal 的区别

  rob ：强行抢

  steal：偷偷摸摸地偷

• hardly 与 （never,seldom,hardly ever） 区别

  hardly：程度 （never,seldom,hardly ever）：频率

• be made from 和 be made of 的区别

  be made from（看不出原材料）be made of（能看出原材料）

• take place 与 happen

  take place （人知道）人为发生

  happen （人不知道）意料之外地

• I have no idea = I don't know

• alone 和 lonely 的区别

  alone ：独自（表现一种状态）

  lonely ：孤独（表现情感上的孤独）

• probable 和 possible 的区别

  probable：极有可能 possible：可能性小

• injury ，hurt，wound 的区别

  injury：harm down to a person or an animal's body （For example in an accident）表示对躯体的伤害损伤

  hurt：a feeling of unhappiness because sb has been unkind or unfair to you 心灵上的创伤

  wound：

  ①（身体上的）伤 ② （武器造成的）伤 ③ mental（精神上的） or emotional （感情上的）pain caused by sth unpleasant that has been said or done to you

• voice,sound

  voice：一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌

  sound：可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声音。这个词的适用范围很大。

• 大多数情况 形容词表否定+un，动词表否定+dis（其实仅供赌一把的时候使用）

词的特殊变形

• pronounce -> pronunciation
• believe -> disbelieve 不相信

时态

过去

一般过去时

表示过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，强调已经结束。

过去进行时

在过去的某一时间点（at this time）或过去反复发生（常与 the whole day，all day yesterday 等连用 ）的事情或动作。

现在

一般进行时

1. 在说话的瞬间发生的事
2. 在一段时间内反复做的事

现在完成时

构成：have(has) + 过去分词（I have already finished reading this book.）

• 表示过去发生或已经完成得动作对现在造成的影响或结果

  - Have you had your lunch yet ?
  - Yes, I have just had it.(之前读书对自己现在得影响是已经读过这本书了)
  

• 某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括"现在"在内）可以与表示连续得时间状语连用。表示持续性动作或状态得动词多为连续性动词

  I haven't seen her these days.
  I've known Bob for three years.
  They lived here since 1996.
  She has taught us since I came to this school.
  

• 可以与 already , never , ever(曾经) , just , before , yet(还,仍然) , so far

• have been 和 have gone 得区别

  have been 表示到过某地

  have gone 表示已经去某地了

  She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海(她已经不在上海)
  She has gone to Shanghai. 她到上海去了(她可能在去上海的路上，或已到上海，在去上海的某个阶段，总之，不在这里)
  

以上该知识来自《八下课本》P110

现在完成时的连用词用法

for + 时间段 : I've lived here for 13 years.
since + 过去时间点或 从句（一般过去）: It has been 13 years since I began to live here.
since + 时间段 + ago : I've lived here since 13 years ago.
*这三者又是可互换（就像个例句一样）
*当现在完成时态中有"for+时间段"或"since+过去时间点或从句"或"since+时间段+ago"时，
连用的动词 -》延续性动词 （因为既然是一个时间段，那么短暂性动作就不适用）

现在完成进行时

定义：过去的事情发生到现在，并且还会继续

例句：I've never been camping. 这里表示我一直没有野营，而且我以后估计也不会野营

将来

复合句

定语从句

定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句（例句：①The man who lives next to us is a policeman ② This is the pen which he bought yesterday）

原句：I love music（先行词） that/which（关系代词） I can sing along with .

拆分：I love music. I can sing along with the music —— 其实定语从句就是将两个 music 通过关系代词合并进一个句子

拓展：我们可以将合并顺序切换——I can sing along with the music that I love.

关系代词用法

• who，which，that 可以作为关系代词

• who 指人，which 指物，that 既可以指人也可以指物

• 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略

• 关系代词只能用 that ，不能用 which 的情况

  • 先行词是指物的不定代词（如 all,much,little,everything,nothing 等），或先行词被不定代词 all,few,little,much,very,some,no 等修饰时

    That's all that I have seen and heard. 那就是我的全部见闻

  • 先行词被 the very,the same,the last,the only 等限定词或最高级修饰时

    This is the very dictionary that is of great help. 这正是那本极有帮助的字典

  • 先行词既指人又指物时

    The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名

• 关系代词常有三个作用：引导定语从句、代替先行词、再定语从句中担当一个成分

• what 不在定语从句的关系代词中

作文

连接

1. as I as I'm concerned 据我所知

对象

长城

It's so tall and wide that it can protect their part of country from foreign invaders in ancient period

它是如此高大宽阔，以至于它可以保护他们的国家免受古代外国侵略者的侵害——《八下课本》P50

特色

菜

Hunan Cruisine 湘菜 Guangdong Cruisine 粤菜

Sichan Cruisine 川菜 Hubei Cruisine 湖北菜

精神

family reunion happy life 家庭团圆，幸福生活

loyalty and patriotism , fair and justice 精忠报国，公平正义

faithful love, respect and cherishing 忠贞爱情，尊亲追思

national unity, social harmony 民族团结，和谐社会

balance and coexistence of human and nature 生态平衡，天人合一

The core values of Chinese socialism 社会核心价值观

prosperity , ... , harmony（和谐） , freedom , justice , patriotism , friendship

其他

简称不知道怎么归类

非连续性动词转连续性动词表

非连续性动词	连续性动词
become	be
borrow	keep
buy	have
get up	be up
fall asleep	be asleep
make friends	be friends
finish	be over
leave	be away from
open	be open
close	be closed
lose	be lost
die	be dead
join	be a member of/be in
begin/start	be on 上演
come/go	be here/there
turn on/off	be on/off