IDEA简单部署MVC项目

本文章主要参考七小栈主的文章，特此说明：

前提

在配置好JDK，配置好Maven，配置链接如下：如何配置Java环境，包括JDK，Maven等

建项目

IEDA中File->New->Project->Maven->填写好GroupId，ArtifactId等，然后选择刚才配置的Maven的目录和目录下settings.xml和本地存放架包的路径（这个一般在C:\Users\{用户名}\.m2\repository中），起个项目的名字，点击Finish项目就建好了

配置pom.xml

登录http://mvnrepository.com/，可查看架包配置，直接拷贝到dependencies下即会自动Down下来

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>Jef</groupId>
  <artifactId>me</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>me Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--Spring Web + Spring MVC-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--json支持-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org./json -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.json</groupId>
      <artifactId>json</artifactId>
      <version>20160212</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-lang/commons-lang -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-collections/commons-collections -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
      <version>3.2.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.sf.ezmorph/ezmorph -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.ezmorph</groupId>
      <artifactId>ezmorph</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--json serialize and deserialization-->
    <!-- 引入fastjson依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入gson依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
      <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jstl/jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
      
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>me</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

配置web.xml

项目初始运行的时候就会加载web.xml，所以web.xml的配置尤其重要，src->main->webapp->WEB-INF->web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <!-- Spring MVC配置 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <!-- 可以自定义servlet.xml配置文件的位置和名称，默认为WEB-INF目录下，名称为[<servlet-name>]-servlet.xml，如spring-servlet.xml
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>-->

        <!-- load-on-startup元素标记容器是否在启动的时候就加载这个servlet(实例化并调用其init()方法) -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        <!--<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>-->
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- Spring配置 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 指定Spring Bean的配置文件所在目录。默认配置在WEB-INF目录下 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

</web-app>

新建 spring-servlet.xml

在WEB-INF文件夹下新建 spring-servlet.xml，采用注解的方式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">

    <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能，注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射-->  
    <mvc:annotation-driven >
         
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
   
    <!-- 启动包扫描功能，以便注册带有@Controller、@service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="HelloSpringMvc.controller" />
    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
         <property name="prefix" value="/"/>    <!-- 前缀 -->
         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>    <!-- 后缀 -->
     </bean>
    <!-- 访问静态文件（jpg,js,css）的方法 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/files/" mapping="/files/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/scripts/" mapping="/scripts/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/styles/" mapping="/styles/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/views/" mapping="/views/**" />
</beans>

这里我们配置了静态文件路径，因此在目录结构新建几个文件夹用以放静态文件例如脚本，图片文件，视图之类的。

新建applicationContext.xml

在Resources资源文件夹下新建applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
    <!-- 我们可以在其中添加我们所需要配置的bean，也可以添加相应的数据库连接和事务处理等等，方便后续拓展
           -->
</beans>

测试SpringMVC配置

TestController.java

package HelloSpringMvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

/**
 * Created by Jef on 2017/6/29.
 * please remember Jef`s page -> http://www.cnblogs.com/tufujie
 * thx~
 */

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/Test") //访问的url地址前缀，可以不写，写了就必须在方法url前面先加上class url 进行区分控制器
public class TestController
{
    //访问地址：http://localhost:8080/Test/returnSuccess
    @RequestMapping(value = "returnSuccess")    //实际访问的url地址
    public String returnSuccess() {
        return "/views/success";    //返回Views文件夹下的success.jsp页面
    }

    //访问地址：http://localhost:8080/Test/returnString
    @RequestMapping(value = "returnString", produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
    //produces用于解决返回中文乱码问题，application/json;为json解决中文乱码
    @ResponseBody       //用于返回字符串,不写即返回视图
    public String returnString() {
        return "hello return string 这是中文，并没有乱码";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "clickPost")
    public String clickPost(Long id) {
        System.out.println(id);
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "clickGet/{id}/{userName}")
    public String clickGet(@PathVariable Long id, @PathVariable String userName) {
        System.out.println(id);
        System.out.println(userName);
        return "index";
    }
}

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<button ><a href="/Test/returnSuccess" target="_blank">returnSuccess</a></button>
<button ><a href="/Test/returnString" target="_blank">returnString</a></button>
<button id="clickId">PostRequest</button>
<button ><a href="/Test/clickGet/2/Jef">GetRequest</a></button>
</body>
<script>
    $( "#clickId" ).click(function () {
        var a = 1;
        $.post("/Test/clickPost", {id: a}, function (data) {

        }, "json");
    });
</script>
</html>

新建一个success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
Success ! hello Jef!
</body>
</html>