基于RGB图像的光谱重建技术

原理与方法

给定RGB图像像素值 I = [R, G, B]，重建连续光谱反射率函数 S(λ)，其中λ∈[400nm,700nm]

核心挑战

• 信息严重不足（3通道 → 31+波段）
• 病态逆问题（多对一映射）
• 相机响应函数未知

MATLAB实现

1. 数据准备与预处理

% 加载光谱数据集（如CAVE数据集）
load('spectral_dataset.mat'); % 包含RGB图像和真实光谱

% 数据标准化
rgb_data = normalize(rgb_images, 'range'); % [0,1]范围
spectral_data = normalize(spectral_reflectance, 'range'); % [0,1]范围

% 数据集划分
[trainInd, valInd, testInd] = dividerand(size(rgb_data,4), 0.7, 0.15, 0.15);
trainRGB = rgb_data(:,:,:,trainInd);
trainSpec = spectral_data(:,:,:,trainInd);
% ... 类似创建验证集和测试集

2. 基于深度学习的端到端光谱重建

% 构建光谱重建网络
layers = [
    imageInputLayer([256 256 3], 'Name', 'input') % RGB输入
    
    % 特征提取
    convolution2dLayer(3, 32, 'Padding', 'same', 'Name', 'conv1')
    batchNormalizationLayer('Name', 'bn1')
    reluLayer('Name', 'relu1')
    maxPooling2dLayer(2, 'Stride', 2, 'Name', 'pool1')
    
    convolution2dLayer(3, 64, 'Padding', 'same', 'Name', 'conv2')
    batchNormalizationLayer('Name', 'bn2')
    reluLayer('Name', 'relu2')
    maxPooling2dLayer(2, 'Stride', 2, 'Name', 'pool2')
    
    convolution2dLayer(3, 128, 'Padding', 'same', 'Name', 'conv3')
    batchNormalizationLayer('Name', 'bn3')
    reluLayer('Name', 'relu3')
    
    % 上采样恢复空间分辨率
    transposedConv2dLayer(4, 128, 'Stride', 2, 'Cropping', 'same', 'Name', 'transconv1')
    reluLayer('Name', 'relu4')
    
    transposedConv2dLayer(4, 64, 'Stride', 2, 'Cropping', 'same', 'Name', 'transconv2')
    reluLayer('Name', 'relu5')
    
    % 光谱重建分支
    convolution2dLayer(1, 31, 'Name', 'spec_conv') % 31波段输出
    regressionLayer('Name', 'output')
];

% 训练配置
options = trainingOptions('adam', ...
    'MaxEpochs', 50, ...
    'MiniBatchSize', 8, ...
    'ValidationData', {valRGB, valSpec}, ...
    'ValidationFrequency', 30, ...
    'Plots', 'training-progress', ...
    'LearnRateSchedule', 'piecewise', ...
    'LearnRateDropFactor', 0.5, ...
    'LearnRateDropPeriod', 10);

% 训练网络
net = trainNetwork(trainRGB, trainSpec, layers, options);

3. 物理约束优化方法

function reconstructed_spec = physics_based_reconstruction(rgb, camera_response)
    % 参数设置
    wavelengths = 400:10:700; % 31个波段
    num_bands = length(wavelengths);
    
    % 构造重建矩阵
    H = camera_response(:, 1:3); % 相机响应矩阵
    
    % 主成分分析降维
    [coeff, score, latent] = pca(spectral_db);
    k = 8; % 保留主成分数量
    P = coeff(:, 1:k);
    
    % 重建光谱
    reconstructed_spec = zeros(size(rgb,1), size(rgb,2), num_bands);
    for i = 1:size(rgb,1)
        for j = 1:size(rgb,2)
            rgb_vec = squeeze(rgb(i,j,:));
            
            % 解决优化问题：min ||H·P·a - rgb_vec||²
            A = H * P;
            a_opt = A \ rgb_vec;
            
            % 重建光谱
            spec_est = P * a_opt;
            reconstructed_spec(i,j,:) = max(0, min(1, spec_est)); % 约束到[0,1]
        end
    end
end

4. 混合方法：深度学习+物理约束

function final_spec = hybrid_reconstruction(rgb_image, net, camera_response)
    % 深度学习初步重建
    dl_spec = predict(net, rgb_image);
    
    % 物理约束优化
    final_spec = zeros(size(dl_spec));
    for i = 1:size(rgb_image,1)
        for j = 1:size(rgb_image,2)
            % 获取当前像素的RGB值和初步重建光谱
            rgb_pixel = squeeze(rgb_image(i,j,:));
            spec_est = squeeze(dl_spec(i,j,:));
            
            % 优化目标：匹配RGB值并保持光谱平滑
            options = optimoptions('fmincon', 'Display', 'off');
            spec_opt = fmincon(@(s) objective_func(s, rgb_pixel, camera_response), ...
                               spec_est, [], [], [], [], ...
                               zeros(31,1), ones(31,1), ...
                               @spectrum_constraints, options);
            
            final_spec(i,j,:) = spec_opt;
        end
    end
end

% 目标函数：匹配RGB值 + 光谱平滑
function loss = objective_func(s, rgb_obs, H)
    rgb_pred = H * s;
    data_term = sum((rgb_pred - rgb_obs).^2);
    
    % 光谱平滑项
    smooth_term = sum(diff(s).^2);
    
    loss = data_term + 0.1 * smooth_term;
end

% 物理约束：非负性、单调性等
function [c, ceq] = spectrum_constraints(s)
    c = []; % 不等式约束
    ceq = []; % 等式约束
    % 可添加特定约束，如特定波段的反射率范围
end

关键技术与创新点

1. 多尺度特征融合

   % 在U-Net结构中添加多尺度特征融合
   skip1 = additionLayer(2, 'Name', 'add_skip1');
   skip2 = additionLayer(2, 'Name', 'add_skip2');
   % ... 将不同层级的特征融合
   

2. 注意力机制增强

   % 通道注意力模块
   function layers = channel_attention_block(num_channels)
       layers = [
           globalAveragePooling2dLayer('Name', 'gap')
           fullyConnectedLayer(num_channels/4, 'Name', 'fc1')
           reluLayer('Name', 'relu_fc')
           fullyConnectedLayer(num_channels, 'Name', 'fc2')
           sigmoidLayer('Name', 'sigmoid')
           multiplicationLayer(2, 'Name', 'channel_scale')
       ];
   end
   

3. 对抗训练提升真实感

   % 构建生成对抗网络框架
   generator = build_generator(); % 光谱重建网络
   discriminator = build_discriminator(); % 判别真实/重建光谱
   
   % 组合GAN
   gan = ganNetwork(generator, discriminator);
   
   % 对抗训练
   options = trainingOptions('adam', 'MaxEpochs', 100, ...);
   [gan, info] = trainNetwork(spectral_patches, gan, options);
   

应用场景与结果可视化

% 光谱重建结果可视化
function visualize_results(rgb_img, reconstructed_spec, ground_truth_spec)
    % 选择感兴趣区域
    roi = [100, 100, 50, 50]; % [x,y,width,height]
    
    figure;
    subplot(2,3,1); imshow(rgb_img); title('原始RGB图像');
    rectangle('Position', roi, 'EdgeColor', 'r');
    
    % 提取ROI区域
    roi_rgb = imcrop(rgb_img, roi);
    roi_spec_rec = imcrop(reconstructed_spec, roi);
    roi_spec_gt = imcrop(ground_truth_spec, roi);
    
    % 计算平均光谱
    avg_spec_rec = squeeze(mean(mean(roi_spec_rec,1),2));
    avg_spec_gt = squeeze(mean(mean(roi_spec_gt,1),2));
    
    % 光谱曲线对比
    wavelengths = 400:10:700;
    subplot(2,3,2); 
    plot(wavelengths, avg_spec_gt, 'b', wavelengths, avg_spec_rec, 'r--');
    legend('真实光谱', '重建光谱');
    title('光谱曲线对比');
    xlabel('波长(nm)'); ylabel('反射率');
    
    % 伪彩色可视化
    subplot(2,3,3); 
    imshow(roi_rgb); title('RGB区域');
    
    % 重建光谱的伪彩色表示
    subplot(2,3,4);
    pseudo_color_rec = spectral2rgb(roi_spec_rec, wavelengths);
    imshow(pseudo_color_rec); title('重建光谱伪彩色');
    
    % 真实光谱的伪彩色表示
    subplot(2,3,5);
    pseudo_color_gt = spectral2rgb(roi_spec_gt, wavelengths);
    imshow(pseudo_color_gt); title('真实光谱伪彩色');
    
    % 光谱误差图
    subplot(2,3,6);
    err_map = mean(abs(roi_spec_rec - roi_spec_gt), 3);
    imagesc(err_map); colorbar; 
    title('光谱重建误差'); axis image;
end

性能评估指标

function [rmse, sam, ergas] = evaluate_performance(reconstructed, ground_truth)
    % RMSE (均方根误差)
    rmse = sqrt(mean((reconstructed - ground_truth).^2, 'all'));
    
    % SAM (光谱角制图)
    sam_vals = zeros(size(reconstructed,1), size(reconstructed,2));
    for i = 1:size(reconstructed,1)
        for j = 1:size(reconstructed,2)
            spec_rec = squeeze(reconstructed(i,j,:));
            spec_gt = squeeze(ground_truth(i,j,:));
            sam_vals(i,j) = acos(dot(spec_rec, spec_gt) / ...
                               (norm(spec_rec) * norm(spec_gt)));
        end
    end
    sam = mean(sam_vals, 'all') * 180/pi; % 转换为角度
    
    % ERGAS (相对全局误差)
    mean_gt = mean(ground_truth, [1,2]);
    rel_rmse = sqrt(mean((reconstructed - ground_truth).^2, [1,2])) ./ mean_gt;
    ergas = 100 * sqrt(mean(rel_rmse.^2));
end

代码参考 基于rgb图像的光谱重建 www.youwenfan.com/contentcno/77875.html

系统集成与应用

% 完整的光谱重建系统
function [reconstructed_spec, metrics] = spectral_reconstruction_system(rgb_image, method)
    % 方法选择
    switch lower(method)
        case 'deep'
            load('trained_deep_net.mat', 'net');
            reconstructed_spec = predict(net, rgb_image);
            
        case 'physics'
            load('camera_response.mat', 'camera_resp');
            reconstructed_spec = physics_based_reconstruction(rgb_image, camera_resp);
            
        case 'hybrid'
            load('trained_deep_net.mat', 'net');
            load('camera_response.mat', 'camera_resp');
            reconstructed_spec = hybrid_reconstruction(rgb_image, net, camera_resp);
            
        otherwise
            error('未知方法: %s', method);
    end
    
    % 后处理
    reconstructed_spec = max(0, min(1, reconstructed_spec)); % 约束范围
    
    % 评估（如果有真实光谱）
    if nargout > 1
        gt_spec = get_ground_truth(rgb_image); % 需要实现此函数
        [rmse, sam, ergas] = evaluate_performance(reconstructed_spec, gt_spec);
        metrics = struct('RMSE', rmse, 'SAM', sam, 'ERGAS', ergas);
    end
end

光谱重建技术正在向实时化、高精度化、普适化方向发展。通过结合深度学习的强大表示能力和物理模型的先验约束，我们能够从普通RGB图像中提取丰富的光谱信息，为各种应用场景提供支持。