stm32 HAL库实现BMP280/BME280 的驱动;(GY-BM(E/P) 280)驱动 附中/英文文档
注意注意
此代码仅读取了温度气压,因为是BMP280芯片;使用时记得改一下id标记如果是bme280芯片的话;
调用
//初始化
BMP280_Init();
//读取数据
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
int32_t temp_c;
int32_t press_pa;
BMP280_Read(&temp_c, &press_pa);
int len;
// 处理正负温度
if (temp_c >= 0)
{
len = snprintf(tx_buffer, sizeof(tx_buffer),
"Temp: %ld.%02ld °C, Press: %ld.%02ld Pa\r\n",
temp_c / 100, temp_c % 100,
press_pa / 100, press_pa % 100);
}
else
{
// 负数：先取绝对值，再手动加负号
int32_t t_abs = -temp_c;
len = snprintf(tx_buffer, sizeof(tx_buffer),
"Temp: -%ld.%02ld °C, Press: %ld.%02ld Pa\r\n",
t_abs / 100, t_abs % 100,
press_pa / 100, press_pa % 100);
}
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, tx_buffer, len, 1000);
HAL_Delay(2000);
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
使用串口输出形如:
[2026-01-16 14:27:18.992]# RECV ASCII/36 <<<
Temp: 22.79 °C, Press: 1013.85 Pa
[2026-01-16 14:27:21.066]# RECV ASCII/36 <<<
Temp: 22.79 °C, Press: 1013.77 Pa
bmp280.h
//
// Created by root on 26-1-15.
//
#ifndef BMP280_H
#define BMP280_H
#include "i2c.h"
#include <stdint.h>
HAL_StatusTypeDef BMP280_Init();
HAL_StatusTypeDef BMP280_Read(int32_t* temp, int32_t* press);
#endif //BMP280_H
bmp280.c
//
// Created by root on 26-1-15.
//
#include "bmp280.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "i2c.h"
/**
* I2C通信地址
* SDO接地时:I2C地址是:0b1110110,即0x76
* SDO接VDD时:I2C地址是:0b1110111,即0x77
* 以接地时为例,完整的地址位为8位:
* 当主机向从机发送数据的目的是设置(写)从机,最后一位补充0,即0b11101100
* 当主机向从机发送数据的目的是从从机读取数据,最后一位补充1,即0b11101101
*/
#define BMP280_I2C_ADDRESS 0x76
//id寄存器地址
#define ID_ADDRESS 0xD0
//配置寄存器地址
#define CONFIG_ADDRESS 0xF5
//控制寄存器地址
#define CTRL_ADDRESS 0xF4
//重置寄存器地址
#define RESET_ADDRESS 0xE0
//校准寄存器的起始地址(part_1)
#define CALIBRATION_ADDRESS 0x88
//存储原始读取到温湿度信息的寄存器首地址
#define DATA_ADDRESS 0xF7
//计算补偿使用的变量
static int32_t t_fine;
// 温度和压力补偿值,从补偿寄存器中读取,启动时读取即可
static uint16_t dig_T1;
static int16_t dig_T2;
static int16_t dig_T3;
static uint16_t dig_P1;
static int16_t dig_P2;
static int16_t dig_P3;
static int16_t dig_P4;
static int16_t dig_P5;
static int16_t dig_P6;
static int16_t dig_P7;
static int16_t dig_P8;
static int16_t dig_P9;
//校准温度方法(文档内置)
static int32_t calibration_T(int32_t adc_T);
//校准气压方法(文档内置)
static uint32_t calibration_P(int32_t adc_P);
//获取校准(补偿)值
static HAL_StatusTypeDef readCalibrationData();
//工具方法写入指令
static HAL_StatusTypeDef write_bmp280(uint8_t address, uint8_t cmd);
HAL_StatusTypeDef BMP280_Init()
{
//先delay一下,确保设备上电了
HAL_Delay(100);
//首先检验设备是否正确;
uint8_t chip_id = 0;
const HAL_StatusTypeDef r0 = HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, BMP280_I2C_ADDRESS << 1 | 1, ID_ADDRESS,
I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &chip_id, 1,HAL_MAX_DELAY);
if (r0 != HAL_OK)
{
// 通信失败,返回错误
return r0;
}
if (chip_id != 0x58)
{
//设备id错误
return HAL_ERROR;
}
//重置设备设定
const uint8_t reset_cmd = 0xB6;
const HAL_StatusTypeDef r1 = write_bmp280(RESET_ADDRESS, reset_cmd);
if (r1 != HAL_OK)
{
return r1;
}
// 软复位后需等待 2ms 设备完成初始化,这里等10ms
HAL_Delay(10);
// 配置寄存器(0xF5)用于设置设备的速率、滤波器和接口选项, Bits [7:5]：t_sb（休眠时间,BMP只能是110/111）Bits [4:2]：filter（滤波器系数）Bits [0]：spi（兼容SPI模式）
//休眠200ms,不过滤
const uint8_t config_cmd = 0b11000000;
const HAL_StatusTypeDef r2 = write_bmp280(CONFIG_ADDRESS, config_cmd);
if (r2 != HAL_OK)
{
return r2;
}
//设置ctrl_means寄存器,即控制方法寄存器(0xF4), Bits [7:5]：osrs_t（温度过采样）Bits [4:2]：osrs_p（气压过采样）Bits [1:0]：mode（工作模式）
//1倍压力,1倍温度过采样,正常模式;(由于未开启过滤器,此时压力和温度传感器的分辨率是18位)
const uint8_t ctrl_means_cmd = 0b00100111;
const HAL_StatusTypeDef r3 = write_bmp280(CTRL_ADDRESS, ctrl_means_cmd);
if (r3 != HAL_OK)
{
return r3;
}
//ctrl_hum 无需设置,因为bmp280不能测定湿度;
//读取校准值,用于校准读取数据0x88~0xA1
const HAL_StatusTypeDef r4 = readCalibrationData();
if (r4 != HAL_OK)
{
return r4;
}
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* 向传感器发送请求,读取温度/气压信息
* @param temp 温度,除以100为摄氏度
* @param press 气压,除以100为Pa
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef BMP280_Read(int32_t* temp, int32_t* press)
{
uint8_t data[8] = {0};
const HAL_StatusTypeDef ret = HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, BMP280_I2C_ADDRESS << 1 | 1, DATA_ADDRESS,
I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, data, 8, 1000);
if (ret != HAL_OK)
{
return ret;
}
// rx_buffer,读取buffer值看看把,返回数据0-7,共8字节,即0xF7~0xFE;0-2压力,3-5温度,6-7湿度(bmp不存在)
uint32_t pres_raw = (data[0] << 12) | (data[1] << 4) | (data[2] >> 4);
uint32_t temp_raw = (data[3] << 12) | (data[4] << 4) | (data[5] >> 4);
//校准数据(注意实际要除以100使用)
*temp = calibration_T(temp_raw);
*press = calibration_P(pres_raw);
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* 向bmp280写入某个寄存器单字节命令,进行配置或指示行为
* @param address 寄存器地址
* @param cmd 单字节数据
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef write_bmp280(const uint8_t address, uint8_t cmd)
{
const HAL_StatusTypeDef ret = HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, BMP280_I2C_ADDRESS << 1, address,
I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &cmd, 1, 1000);
if (ret != HAL_OK)
{
return ret;
}
return HAL_OK;
}
HAL_StatusTypeDef readCalibrationData()
{
//补偿(校准)值一共有33个字节存储,需要读取,对于温度和湿度实际读取到0x88~0x9F即可,即24个寄存器
//第一部分:0x88~0xA1一共26个8位寄存器
//第二部分:0xE1~0xE7 一共7个8位寄存器,都是和湿度有关的,不读了
uint8_t data[24] = {0};
const HAL_StatusTypeDef ret = HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, BMP280_I2C_ADDRESS << 1 | 1, CALIBRATION_ADDRESS,
I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, data, 24, 1000);
if (ret != HAL_OK)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
dig_T1 = (data[1] << 8) | data[0];
dig_T2 = (data[3] << 8) | data[2];
dig_T3 = (data[5] << 8) | data[4];
dig_P1 = (data[7] << 8) | data[6];
dig_P2 = (data[9] << 8) | data[8];
dig_P3 = (data[11] << 8) | data[10];
dig_P4 = (data[13] << 8) | data[12];
dig_P5 = (data[15] << 8) | data[14];
dig_P6 = (data[17] << 8) | data[16];
dig_P7 = (data[19] << 8) | data[18];
dig_P8 = (data[21] << 8) | data[20];
dig_P9 = (data[23] << 8) | data[22];
return HAL_OK;
}
int32_t calibration_T(int32_t adc_T)
{
int32_t var1, var2, T;
var1 = ((((adc_T >> 3) - ((int32_t)dig_T1 << 1))) * ((int32_t)dig_T2)) >> 11;
var2 = (((((adc_T >> 4) - ((int32_t)dig_T1)) * ((adc_T >> 4) - ((int32_t)dig_T1))) >> 12) * ((signed
long int)dig_T3)) >> 14;
t_fine = var1 + var2;
T = (t_fine * 5 + 128) >> 8;
return T;
}
uint32_t calibration_P(int32_t adc_P)
{
int32_t var1, var2;
uint32_t P;
var1 = (t_fine >> 1) - (int32_t)64000;
var2 = (((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 11) * ((int32_t)dig_P6);
var2 = var2 + ((var1 * ((int32_t)dig_P5)) << 1);
var2 = (var2 >> 2) + (((int32_t)dig_P4) << 16);
var1 = (((dig_P3 * (((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 13)) >> 3) + ((((int32_t)dig_P2) * var1) >> 1)) >> 18;
var1 = ((((32768 + var1)) * ((int32_t)dig_P1)) >> 15);
if (var1 == 0)
{
return 0;
}
P = (((uint32_t)(((int32_t)1048576) - adc_P) - (var2 >> 12))) * 3125;
if (P < 0x80000000)
{
P = (P << 1) / ((uint32_t)var1);
}
else
{
P = (P / (uint32_t)var1) * 2;
}
var1 = (((int32_t)dig_P9) * ((int32_t)(((P >> 3) * (P >> 3)) >> 13))) >> 12;
var2 = (((int32_t)(P >> 2)) * ((int32_t)dig_P8)) >> 13;
P = (uint32_t)((int32_t)P + ((var1 + var2 + dig_P7) >> 4));
return P;
}
文档原版和机翻
博客园穿不了太大的文件,放网盘了:
BST-BME280_DS001-10.pdf:https://pan.baidu.com/s/13WGA1H4_akTI9zgkAlIIVg?pwd=sjht
【翻译】BST-BME280_DS001-10-1.pdf:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qOU2_V5EMAnaIQRgu4pWFA?pwd=sjht
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