install frr on ubuntu24
概述
如果在下述安装中有报错，在 这里 或许能找到解决方法
1、BGP和OSPF的工作原理简介
🌐 BGP（Border Gateway Protocol）：
属于 EGP（外部网关协议），用于不同自治系统之间；
是 路径向量协议，不是基于链路状态；
控制互联网路由（实际是整个互联网的“路线总控”）；
使用 AS_PATH 属性记录一条路径经过的自治系统，防止路由环路；
对带宽/时延不敏感，但支持非常强的路由策略（如过滤、优选等）；
一般通过 TCP 179端口 建立邻居关系
🌍 BGP就像跨国快递公司之间的邮件转运系统
每个快递公司（AS）告诉其他公司：“你要去某地，可以找我，我知道路线。”
每个公司只告诉别人“我能通到哪儿”，不会暴露内部结构；
每个公司选择“转发路径”根据多个标准（比如路径短、政策偏好）；
如果某条路线断了，BGP 会找替代路径；
典型用于互联网的全球路由系统
BGP工作流程
1. 建立邻居关系（peer）
→ Router A 配置 B 和它是邻居，TCP 建立连接（port 179）
2. 交换路由信息
→ 发送 BGP Update 信息，包含可达的网络（prefix + AS path）
3. 路由选择
→ 每台路由器根据策略（AS路径长度、优先级）选最优路径
4. 路由传递
→ 将选中的“最佳路径”通告给其他邻居
5. 动态更新
→ 如果路径不可达，发送 Withdraw 消息撤回原来通告的路由
🔁 OSPF（Open Shortest Path First）：
属于 IGP（内部网关协议），适合在一个自治系统（AS）内使用；
基于 链路状态路由协议（LSRP）；
使用 Dijkstra 最短路径优先算法 构建路由表；
每个路由器通过发送 LSA（链路状态通告） 来通告自己看到的网络状态，最终形成一个完整的网络拓扑图；
快速收敛，适合大型企业网络
OSPF就像公司内部邮递系统
每个部门（路由器）把楼层图（拓扑）分享给大家，大家都知道怎么走最近的路线去送信
每个部门告诉其他部门“我这边通哪条楼道可以去哪儿”；
所有部门都会知道整栋楼的结构，并用**最短路径算法（SPF）**算出最优路线；
如果哪条楼道被封了，大家很快会更新楼层图
# OSPF工作流程
1. 建立邻居关系
→ Router A 和 B 在同一个网段发送 Hello
→ 匹配成功后变为邻居（Neighbor）
2. 交换链路状态
→ 互相发送 Link State Advertisement（LSA）
3. 构建拓扑图
→ 所有路由器构建出一样的“网络地图”（LSDB）
4. 计算最短路径
→ 每个路由器运行 Dijkstra 算法得出最短路径表（SPF）
5. 路由表更新
→ 将最短路径结果写入路由表（RIB）
前奏
ubuntu24/2U/4G/
192.168.2.114/24 桥接
10.0.0.1/24 自定义
生产级测试建议配置（大规模拓扑、MPLS流量工程）
项目 建议配置
CPU 4核或以上
内存 8GB或更多
网卡 至少3个（模拟多个物理链路）
网络 支持GNS3/EVE-NG 或 Linux Bridge/NAT结构
功能扩展 支持 GRE/IPIP/VXLAN 隧道模拟远程连接场景
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
Types: deb
URIs: http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# 配置IP
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
ens33: # 替换为你的网络接口名称
dhcp4: false # 关闭 DHCP
dhcp6: false # 关闭 DHCP
addresses: [172.16.186.117/24] # 静态 IP 地址和子网掩码
routes:
- to: default
via: 172.16.186.2 # 网关地址
nameservers:
addresses: [172.16.186.2] # DNS 服务器地址
search: []
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo netplan apply
前期铺垫安装
# 安装依赖
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo apt update -y
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo apt install -y \
git autoconf automake libtool make libreadline-dev texinfo \
pkg-config libpam0g-dev libjson-c-dev bison flex \
libc-ares-dev python3-dev python3-sphinx \
install-info build-essential libsnmp-dev perl \
libcap-dev libelf-dev libunwind-dev \
protobuf-c-compiler libprotobuf-c-dev cmake libpcre2-dev \
libcmocka-dev uncrustify doxygen valgrind graphviz python3-pytest
# 克隆libyang
FRR依赖于相对较新的libyang库来提供 YANG/NETCONF 支持，但大多数发行版尚未libyang在其存储库中提供该软件包
构建 FRR 需要libyang 2.1.128 或更新版本
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ git clone -b v3.4.2 https://github.com/CESNET/libyang.git
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ cd libyang/
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang$ git checkout v3.4.2
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang$ mkdir build; cd build
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang/build$ cmake --install-prefix /usr \
-D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:String="Release" ..
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang/build$ make
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang/build$ sudo make install
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/libyang/build$ cd
安装frr
2台ubuntu24上安装一样
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ sudo apt install -y libgrpc++-dev protobuf-compiler-grpc libsqlite3-dev libzmq5 libzmq3-dev
# 添加FRR用户和组
sudo groupadd -r -g 92 frr
sudo groupadd -r -g 85 frrvty
sudo adduser --system --ingroup frr --home /var/run/frr/ --gecos "FRR suite" --shell /sbin/nologin frr
sudo usermod -a -G frrvty frr
# 编译
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/frr /etc/frr
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo chmod -R 0750 /var/lib/frr /etc/frr
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ git clone https://github.com/frrouting/frr.git frr
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~$ cd frr
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--includedir=\${prefix}/include \
--sbindir=\${prefix}/lib/frr \
--libdir=\${prefix}/lib/frr \
--libexecdir=\${prefix}/lib/frr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--with-moduledir=\${prefix}/lib/frr/modules \
--enable-configfile-mask=0640 \
--enable-logfile-mask=0640 \
--enable-user=frr \
--enable-group=frr \
--enable-vty-group=frrvty \
--with-pkg-git-version \
--enable-mpls \
--with-pkg-extra-version=-MyOwnFRRVersion
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ make -j$(nproc) # 下述的报错没影响，不用管
....
....
CC lib/tools_ssd-strlcpy.o
CCLD tools/ssd
CCLD pceplib/libsocket_comm_mock.la
SPHINX doc/user/_build/.doctrees/environment.pickle
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1112: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart select-defer-time (0-3600), other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1116: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart rib-stale-time (1-3600), other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1120: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart restart-time (0-4095), other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1131: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart stalepath-time (1-4095), other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1149: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/bgp.rst:1154: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of bgp graceful-restart-disable, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:42: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of net XX.XXXX. ... .XXX.XX, other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:52: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of domain-password [clear | md5] <password>, other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:57: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of attached-bit [receive ignore | send], other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:66: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of log-adjacency-changes, other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:91: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of set-overload-bit, other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:99: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of purge-originator, other instance in fabricd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:609: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing srv6, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/isisd.rst:613: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of locator NAME, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:163: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of timers throttle spf (0-600000) (0-600000) (0-600000), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:354: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of maximum-paths (1-64), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:360: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of write-multiplier (1-100), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:529: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area A.B.C.D export-list NAME, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:531: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area (0-4294967295) export-list NAME, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:556: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area A.B.C.D import-list NAME, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:558: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area (0-4294967295) import-list NAME, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:565: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME in, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:567: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area A.B.C.D filter-list prefix NAME out, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:569: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area (0-4294967295) filter-list prefix NAME in, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:571: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of area (0-4294967295) filter-list prefix NAME out, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:850: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of set metric [+|-](0-4294967295), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:922: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of graceful-restart [grace-period (1-1800)], other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:935: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of graceful-restart helper enable [A.B.C.D], other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:945: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of graceful-restart helper strict-lsa-checking, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:953: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of graceful-restart helper supported-grace-time (10-1800), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:958: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of graceful-restart helper planned-only, other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1105: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of mpls-te on, other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1110: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of mpls-te router-address <A.B.C.D>, other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1123: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of mpls-te export, other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1199: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing on, other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1205: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing global-block (16-1048575) (16-1048575) [local-block (16-1048575) (16-1048575)], other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1212: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing node-msd (1-16), other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1247: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of aggregation timer (5-1800), other instance in ospf6d
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ospfd.rst:1341: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of debug ospf [(1-65535)] graceful-restart, other instance in ospfd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pbr.rst:28: WARNING: duplicate label nexthop-groups, other instance in /home/rambo/frr/doc/user/nexthop_groups.rst
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:71: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of rp keep-alive-timer (1-65535), other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:139: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of spt-switchover infinity-and-beyond [prefix-list PLIST], other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:149: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of join-prune-interval (1-65535), other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:157: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of keep-alive-timer (1-65535), other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:164: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of packets (1-255), other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/pimv6.rst:172: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of register-suppress-time (1-65535), other instance in pim
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:97: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of network NETWORK, other instance in eigrpd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:109: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of network IFNAME, other instance in babeld
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:141: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of passive-interface (IFNAME|default), other instance in eigrpd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:227: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of default-information originate, other instance in ospfd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:302: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of distance (1-255), other instance in ospfd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripd.rst:307: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:31: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of network NETWORK, other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:35: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of network IFNAME, other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:43: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of allow-ecmp [1-MULTIPATH_NUM], other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:69: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of distribute-list [prefix] LIST <in|out> IFNAME, other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:107: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of match interface WORD, other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/ripngd.rst:123: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of match metric (0-4294967295), other instance in ripd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/routemap.rst:250: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of set tag <untagged|(1-4294967295)>, other instance in ripngd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/routemap.rst:356: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of set ipv6 next-hop local IPV6_ADDRESS, other instance in ripngd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/routemap.rst:373: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of set l3vpn next-hop encapsulation gre, other instance in bgp
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/sbfd.rst:214: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of sbfd reflector source-address 200::D discriminator 456, other instance in sbfd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/static.rst:197: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing, other instance in pathd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/zebra.rst:143: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of shutdown, other instance in bfd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/zebra.rst:913: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of segment-routing, other instance in static
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/zebra.rst:917: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of srv6, other instance in static
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/zebra.rst:926: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of locator NAME, other instance in isisd
/home/rambo/frr/doc/user/zebra.rst:1067: WARNING: duplicate clicmd description of format NAME, other instance in zebra
SPHINX doc/user/_build/texinfo/frr.texi
MAKEINFO doc/user/_build/texinfo/frr.info
frr.texi:37144: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37151: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37157: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37162: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37171: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37177: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37183: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
frr.texi:37190: warning: @ref should not appear on @item line
SPHINX doc/manpages/_build/.doctrees/environment.pickle
SPHINX doc/manpages/_build/man/man.stamp
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/rambo/frr'
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo make install
# 安装FRR配置文件
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$
sudo install -m 775 -o frr -g frr -d /var/log/frr
sudo install -m 775 -o frr -g frrvty -d /etc/frr
sudo install -m 640 -o frr -g frrvty tools/etc/frr/vtysh.conf /etc/frr/vtysh.conf
sudo install -m 640 -o frr -g frr tools/etc/frr/frr.conf /etc/frr/frr.conf
sudo install -m 640 -o frr -g frr tools/etc/frr/daemons.conf /etc/frr/daemons.conf
sudo install -m 640 -o frr -g frr tools/etc/frr/daemons /etc/frr/daemons
# 调整sysctls
为了启用 IPv4/IPv6 转发和 MPLS（如果您的平台支持），需要更改一些sysctl参数
如果您的平台不支持 MPLS，请跳过本节中与 MPLS 相关的配置
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo sysctl -p
# 添加MPLS内核模块
Ubuntu 24.04 搭载内核 5.4；MPLS 模块默认存在。启用如下：
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vim /etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf
mpls_router
mpls_iptunnel
# 启用MPLS转发
编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 并添加以下行。确保为每个使用 MPLS 的接口添加一行，内容等于 net.mpls.conf.eth0.input
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.mpls.conf.ens33.input=1
net.mpls.conf.ens36.input=1
net.mpls.platform_labels=100000
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo sysctl -p
# 安装服务文件
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo install -m 644 tools/frr.service /etc/systemd/system/frr.service
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo systemctl enable frr
# 启用守护进程
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo grep "=yes" /etc/frr/daemons
bgpd=yes
ospfd=yes
ldpd=yes
eigrpd=yes
vrrpd=yes
vtysh_enable=yes
# 启动FRR
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo systemctl restart frr
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo systemctl status frr
● frr.service - FRRouting
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/frr.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-04-23 08:41:57 CST; 22s ago
Docs: https://frrouting.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setup.html
Process: 70322 ExecStart=/usr/lib/frr/frrinit.sh start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 70333 (watchfrr)
Status: "FRR Operational"
Tasks: 26 (limit: 4558)
Memory: 41.9M (peak: 55.0M)
CPU: 530ms
CGroup: /system.slice/frr.service
├─70333 /usr/lib/frr/watchfrr -d zebra mgmtd bgpd ospfd ldpd eigrpd staticd vrrpd
├─70349 /usr/lib/frr/zebra -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1 -s 90000000
├─70354 /usr/lib/frr/mgmtd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
├─70356 /usr/lib/frr/bgpd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
├─70363 /usr/lib/frr/ospfd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
├─70366 /usr/lib/frr/ldpd -L -u frr -g frr
├─70367 /usr/lib/frr/ldpd -E -u frr -g frr
├─70368 /usr/lib/frr/ldpd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
├─70372 /usr/lib/frr/eigrpd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
├─70375 /usr/lib/frr/staticd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
└─70378 /usr/lib/frr/vrrpd -d -F traditional -A 127.0.0.1
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] bgpd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] ospfd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] ldpd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] eigrpd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] staticd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [QDG3Y-BY5TN] vrrpd state -> up : connect succeeded
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 watchfrr[70333]: [KWE5Q-QNGFC] all daemons up, doing startup-complete notify
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 frrinit.sh[70322]: * Started watchfrr
Apr 23 08:41:57 ubuntu24-1 systemd[1]: Started frr.service - FRRouting.
Apr 23 08:41:58 ubuntu24-1 zebra[70349]: [V98V0-MTWPF] client 71 says hello and bids fair to announce only bgp routes vrf=0
vm1上配置bgp、ospf、mpls
下述配置中不要带注释，否则会不生效
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vim /etc/frr/frr.conf
# 配置bgp
router bgp 65001 # BGP AS号
bgp router-id 172.16.186.117 # 设置路由器的BGP标识符
network 172.16.186.117/24 # 广播桥接网卡的网段
network 10.0.0.1/24 # 广播LAN网卡的网段
# bgp配置邻居
neighbor 172.16.186.118 remote-as 65002 # 邻居路由器配置
neighbor 172.16.186.118 update-source ens33 # 更新源接口
neighbor 172.16.186.118 ebgp-multihop 2 # 配置多跳BGP（如果需要）
neighbor 172.16.186.118 activate # 激活邻居
# 配置ospf
router ospf
router-id 172.16.186.117 # 设置 OSPF 路由器 ID
network 172.16.186.117/24 area 0 # 将桥接网卡添加到OSPF Area 0中
network 10.0.0.1/24 area 0 # 将LAN网卡添加到OSPF Area 0中
# 配置OSPF邻居的接口
interface ens33
ip ospf hello-interval 10 # 配置 OSPF Hello 间隔（秒）
ip ospf dead-interval 40 # 配置 OSPF 死亡间隔（秒）
# 配置其他接口，确保它们参与OSPF
interface ens36
ip ospf hello-interval 10
ip ospf dead-interval 40
# 配置mpls
mpls
ldp
router-id 172.16.186.117 # 设置 MPLS 路由器 ID
interface ens33 # 配置 MPLS 启用的接口(比如ens33)
interface ens36 # 配置第二个接口(根据实际情况选择)
maximum-paths 16 # 设置最大路径数
exit
router eigrp 65001 # 启用EIGRP路由协议，AS（自治系统）编号为65001
eigrp router-id 172.16.186.117 # 指定EIGRP的路由器ID
network 10.0.0.0/24 # 在EIGRP中声明要参与的网络段，10和172网段
network 172.16.186.0/24
no auto-summary # 禁用自动汇总。EIGRP默认会对不同网络段进行汇总，禁用该选项可以避免这种行为
interface ens33 # 指定哪些接口参与EIGRP路由
ip eigrp 65001 # 为接口启用EIGRP路由协议
passive-interface # ens33接口不会发送EIGRP hello报文，通常用于需要防止特定接口参与邻居发现的场景
interface ens36
ip eigrp 65001
end
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo systemctl restart frr
vm2上配置bgp、ospf、mpls
下述配置中不要带注释，否则会不生效
rambo@ubuntu24-2:~/frr$ sudo vim /etc/frr/frr.conf
log syslog informational
# 配置BGP
router bgp 65002 # 设置 BGP AS号
bgp router-id 172.16.186.118 # 设置路由器的 BGP 标识符，应该是第二台的 IP 地址
network 172.16.186.118/24 # 广播桥接网卡的网段
network 10.0.0.2/24 # 广播 LAN 网卡的网段（假设第二台的 LAN 网络是 10.0.0.2/24）
# 配置 BGP 邻居（第一台设备）
neighbor 172.16.186.117 remote-as 65001 # 邻居路由器配置（与第一台设备互为邻居）
neighbor 172.16.186.117 update-source ens33 # 更新源接口（与第一台一致）
neighbor 172.16.186.117 ebgp-multihop 2 # 配置多跳 BGP（如果需要）
neighbor 172.16.186.117 activate # 激活邻居
# 配置OSPF
# 第二台设备上配置OSPF与第一台设备一致，确保它们在相同的 OSPF 区域中，并且接口与第一台设备连接。
router ospf
router-id 172.16.186.118 # 设置 OSPF 路由器 ID，应该是第二台的 IP 地址
network 172.16.186.118/24 area 0 # 将桥接网卡添加到 OSPF Area 0中
network 10.0.0.2/24 area 0 # 将 LAN 网卡添加到 OSPF Area 0 中（假设第二台的 LAN 网络是 10.0.0.2/24）
# 配置 OSPF 邻居接口
interface ens33
ip ospf hello-interval 10 # 配置OSPF Hello间隔（秒）
ip ospf dead-interval 40 # 配置OSPF 死亡间隔（秒）
# 配置其他接口，确保它们参与 OSPF
interface ens36
ip ospf hello-interval 10
ip ospf dead-interval 40
# 配置MPLS
mpls
ldp
router-id 172.16.186.118 # 设置MPLS路由器ID，应该是第二台的IP地址
interface ens33 # 配置MPLS启用的接口（假设接口名称是ens33）
interface ens36 # 配置第二个接口（根据实际情况选择）
maximum-paths 16 # 设置最大路径数
exit
router eigrp 65001
eigrp router-id 172.16.186.117
network 10.0.0.0/24
network 172.16.186.0/24
no auto-summary
interface ens33
ip eigrp 65001
passive-interface
interface ens36
ip eigrp 65001
end
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo systemctl restart frr
2台都配置好后做检查
# 在第一台ubuntu24上
1、检查bgp配置
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip bgp summary"
IPv4 Unicast Summary:
BGP router identifier 172.16.186.117, local AS number 65001 VRF default vrf-id 0
BGP table version 2
RIB entries 3, using 384 bytes of memory
Peers 1, using 24 KiB of memory
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd PfxSnt Desc
172.16.186.118 4 65001 0 2 0 0 0 never Active 0 N/A
Total number of neighbors 1
2、检查ospf邻居关系
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip ospf neighbor"
Neighbor ID Pri State Up Time Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
172.16.186.118 1 ExStart/Backup 2.704s 37.294s 172.16.186.118 ens33:172.16.186.117 0 0 0
172.16.186.118 1 ExStart/Backup 2.703s 37.296s 10.0.0.2 ens36:10.0.0.1 0 0 0
3、查看mpls
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show mpls ldp neighbor"
注：这里不知道是什么情况，不能使用mpls
4、查看EIGRP路由表
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip route eigrp"
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, L - local, S - static,
R - RIP, O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, E - EIGRP, N - NHRP,
T - Table, v - VNC, V - VNC-Direct, A - Babel, F - PBR,
f - OpenFabric, t - Table-Direct,
> - selected route, * - FIB route, q - queued, r - rejected, b - backup
t - trapped, o - offload failure
IPv4 unicast VRF default:
E 10.0.0.0/24 [90/28160] is directly connected, ens36, weight 1, 00:00:11
E 172.16.186.0/24 [90/28160] is directly connected, ens33, weight 1, 00:00:11
# 查看EIGRP拓扑表
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip eigrp topology"
EIGRP Topology Table for AS(65001)/ID(172.16.186.117)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 10.0.0.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno: 0
via Connected, ens36
P 172.16.186.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno: 0
via Connected, ens33
# 查看已学习的 BGP 路由
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show bgp ipv4 unicast"
BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 172.16.186.117, vrf id 0
Default local pref 100, local AS 65001
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, u unsorted, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Nexthop codes: @NNN nexthop's vrf id, < announce-nh-self
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 172.16.186.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
Displayed 2 routes and 2 total paths
# 查看某个前缀的详细 BGP 路由信息
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show bgp ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0/24"
BGP routing table entry for 10.0.0.0/24, version 2
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default)
Not advertised to any peer
Local
0.0.0.0 (metric 101) from 0.0.0.0 (172.16.186.117)
Origin IGP, metric 0, weight 32768, valid, sourced, local, best (First path received)
Last update: Wed Apr 23 11:28:34 2025
# 查看OSPF路由（从OSPF学到的）
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip route ospf"
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, L - local, S - static,
R - RIP, O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, E - EIGRP, N - NHRP,
T - Table, v - VNC, V - VNC-Direct, A - Babel, F - PBR,
f - OpenFabric, t - Table-Direct,
> - selected route, * - FIB route, q - queued, r - rejected, b - backup
t - trapped, o - offload failure
IPv4 unicast VRF default:
O 10.0.0.0/24 [110/100] is directly connected, ens36, weight 1, 01:07:40
O 172.16.186.0/24 [110/100] is directly connected, ens33, weight 1, 00:05:44
# 查看OSPF网络/接口状态
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo vtysh -c "show ip ospf interface"
ens33 is up
ifindex 2, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000 Mbit <UP,LOWER_UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>
Internet Address 172.16.186.117/24, Broadcast 172.16.186.255, Area 0.0.0.0
MTU mismatch detection: enabled
Router ID 172.16.186.117, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 100
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State Backup, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.186.118 Interface Address 172.16.186.118/24
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.186.117, Interface Address 172.16.186.117
Multicast group memberships: OSPFAllRouters OSPFDesignatedRouters
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 0.762s
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Graceful Restart hello delay: 10s
LSA retransmissions: 1
ens36 is up
ifindex 3, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000 Mbit <UP,LOWER_UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>
Internet Address 10.0.0.1/24, Broadcast 10.0.0.255, Area 0.0.0.0
MTU mismatch detection: enabled
Router ID 172.16.186.117, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 100
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State Backup, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.186.118 Interface Address 10.0.0.2/24
Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.186.117, Interface Address 10.0.0.1
Multicast group memberships: OSPFAllRouters OSPFDesignatedRouters
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 2.541s
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Graceful Restart hello delay: 10s
LSA retransmissions: 1
# 抓包看协议交换过程
rambo@ubuntu24-1:~/frr$ sudo tcpdump -v -i ens33 port 179 or proto ospf
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