Lesson12

Lesson 85-86

1、单词

漂亮

  beautiful 

  nice

  smart

  lovely

  good-looking:男女均可以

  gorgeous 

 

  just表示"刚刚"时只能用于现在完成时    Have you just been...

  just now在一般过去时中表达"刚刚"     I did it just now。

 

  Have you just been to the cinema?

  be(原型)→ am/is/are(现在时)→ was/were(过去时)→ been(完成时)

 

当句子需要现在完成时但没有实义动词时,采用"have/has + been + 非动词成分"结构

  He has always been a good student

 

  been to表示"去过且已返回" (经历)       I have been to Japan twice(我去过日本两次→有经历)

  gone to表示"去了且未返回"(状态)    He has gone to England(他已去英国→人不在场)

 

What's on?  正在上映/播放什么

all the time:一直

 

never :

  She is never late(一般现在时)

  I have never left(现在完成时)  常用于完成时态的否定表达中

 

ever

  表示"在任何时候",是一个时间副词

  强调"在任何时候"的时间范畴

 

ever在一般过去疑问句中的用法

  Did + 主语 + ever + 动词原形...?  过去是否曾经...

  Did you ever see such a man?  你以前见过这样的人吗?

  

ever在现在完成疑问句中的用法

  Have/Has + 主语 + ever + 过去分词...?  你曾经...过吗

  

 always

  表示"总是"、"一直"、"永远"等持续性概念,可与ever互换使用,但语气强度不同

 

2、语法

  现在进行时:just、already、before、never、ever、yet...

  一般过去时:yestaday,last...,ago,just now

 

语用功能:

  一般过去:具体讨论

  When did you kiss her?

  Where did it happen?

  How did you feel?

 

  现在完成:引起话题

  Have you ever...?"(你曾经...过吗?)

  Have you ever made a foreign friend?

  Have you ever cheated on exams?

  Have you ever loved a girl?

  ---Yes,I have/No,I have never

 

Lesson 87-88

  attendant  接待员

  bring    带来、送来  bring可作为及物动词接双宾语

        过去式和过去分词brought

  crash  n.碰撞  

  have a crash  发生碰撞

  He had a crash on the way home

  

  原形      过去式    过去分词

  buy(买)    bought    bought

  find      found    found

  get      got      got

  have     had      had

  hear    heard      heard

  leave    left      left

  lose    lost        lost

  make    made      made

  meet    met      met

  send    sent      sent

  sweep    swept      swept

  tell      told      told

 

2、语法

  yet的用法解析:    

    疑问句用法:通常译为"已经",Has he arrived yet?(他已经到了吗?)

    否定句用法,放在否定句句尾:通常译为"还",He hasn't arrived yet.

    加yet与不加yet的句子意思基本相同,但yet能加强"已经/还"的语气

 

yet与already的区别

  yet通常位于句尾

  already在肯定句中位于have/has之后,动词之前

  yet仅表示轻微的语气强调

  already在疑问句句尾时表达强烈惊讶或怀疑

 

work on:从事某事

  They are still working on it.(他们仍在修理它)

 

still:依然/依旧

  有情态动词/be动词时:放在其后(如:She is still young)

  只有实义动词时:放在动词前(如:I still live here)

 

现在完成时

  主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分

  强调过去动作/状态与现在的联系,不能与具体过去时间状语连用(除since引导的情况) 

  主观强调动作从过去持续到现在(三个关键:强调延续、实际延续、延续至现在)

  当下关联:"言之过去,意在当下"——可通过汉语能否加"现在"翻译来验证

  I have lived here since 1997.

  

  this开头时间状语:this morning  this afternoon  this evening  this season

  判断:说话时是否仍在该时间范围内

  

  现在完成时:等时间段未结束(例:早晨说"今早没吃饭"用)
  一般过去时:时间段已结束(例:下午说"今早没吃饭"用)

  I have read a lot of books this spring.(说话时还在春天)

  I read a lot of books this spring.(说话时不在春天了)

 

  新闻报道中转述近期事件时习惯用完成时

  A scient has discovered a new star  虽为过去事件,但用完成时报道

  The U.S. Space shuttle Atlanlis has finished its final landing...  (强调事件新鲜性)

 

Lesson 89-90

think的过度使用:

  使用believe、feel、hold、consider等词进行替换

 

because of结构

  后接名词或代词:

  Because of you, I try my hardest just to forget everything.

  Because of the weather, I'm not going to swim.

 

because从句:Because it was large, I bought the house.

 

retire:退休

cost:花费

cost、spend和take:

  主语是人:必须使用spend,如"I spend ¥300 to buy this shirt"

  主语是物:使用cost或take,如"This shirt costs me ¥300"

 

cost用法:sth\ costs\ (sb)\+ 金额,如"This pair of shoes costs me 30 pounds"

take用法:sth\ takes\ (sb)\+ 时间,如"This journey takes two hours"

spend的时间+地点用法:spend + 时间 + 地点,如"He spend two weeks in New York"

spend + 金钱 + on sth,表示"把钱花在某物上"  She spent all her money on cosmetics

 

2、现在完成时

  用法1:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响,强调动作已完成。

      I have finished my homework

      该用法常隐含"已经做完"的意思,后续无需重复该动作。

 

  用法2:表示动作从过去持续到现在且可能继续,强调未完成状态

      She has lived in Beijing for ten years

      暗示可能继续居住。该用法与"完成时"名称看似矛盾,但实际表示动作持续进行的状态。

 

相关时间状语:

常用already(已经)、just(刚刚)、before(之前)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)

 

Lesson 91-92

1、单词

  move to: 表示搬往某地

  move into/in:into后需接房屋名词(如"the house/it"),in后不需接名词,两者可互换

 

2、一般将来时

  1)主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他成分

  2)will/shall:主语+shall/will 动词原形+其他成分

    shall仅用于第一人称(I/we)表示将来时

      I shall study hard

      We shall work hard

    will:用于所有人称

      You will be happy.    You'll be happy.

      He will go to New York.

      She will leave tomorrow.

      I will study hard.

 

句式变化:

 will/shall在语法中属于助动词

  1)否定句: 在will后直接加not

     I will not give you a call

  2)一般疑问句: 将will提前至主语前

    Will you give me a call?

  3)特殊疑问句:确定被提问部分,选择合适疑问词,疑问词置句首,疑问词置句首

    What will you do?

 

be going to与will的区别

  be going to 表示打算、计划做某事,强调在说话那一刻之前就已经计划安排好的动作

      I'm going to see her tomorrow    在得知消息前就已做好探病计划

      当对话表明动作是事先安排时使用

  will的区别在于计划时间点,will表示说话时才临时决定

      I will see her tomorrow        听到意外消息后

 

  be going to 表示客观迹象表明即将发生的事

    当有明确迹象表明某事将发生时使用    看到乌云密布时说"Look, it is going to rain!"

    必须基于可见的客观证据,         如房屋倾斜时说"The house is going to fall down"

  will的主观判断形成对比

      根据经验推测"She will be happy if you come"

 

will的特殊用法:表达请求或赞成

  请求功能:用于礼貌请求,如"Will you open the window, please?"和"Will you come with me?"

  应答用法:表示承诺或同意时使用,如对要求的肯定回答"Yes, I will"或否定回答"No, I won't"

 

如果没有明确的迹象区分打算、计划,说话那一刻的临时计划或对未来的推测、请求,可互换will/be going to

  I will miss you" / "I'm going to miss you"

posted @ 2026-01-18 11:19  nonAny  阅读(3)  评论(0)    收藏  举报