初级美语 L045：What a Nightmare! 解析
一、Reading
Jeff had a terrible day. He missed the train to work. Moreover, he had to wait a long time for the next train. As a matter of fact, he waited for two hours. To make matters worse, he left his briefcase on the train. As a result, he had to go to the police station. Poor Jeff never got to work that day. What a nightmare!
二、解析
■ Jeff had a terrible day.
- 主：Jeff
- 谓：had
- 定：a terrible
- 宾：day.
■ He missed the train to work.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 谓：missed
- 宾：the train
- 定：to work.
to work：不定式作形容启修饰 the train 做后置定语。
work：在此处笼统指“上班”。常用短语示例：
- go to work：上班。
He goes to work at 8:00 a.m. every morning.（他每天早上八点上班。） - after work：下班后。
What do you usually do after work?（下班后你通常做什么？）
■ Moreover, he had to wait a long time for the next train.
= Moreover, he had to wait（for）a long time for the next train.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 状：Moreover
- 主：he
- 谓：had to wait ... for
- 时状：（for）a long time
- 宾：the next train.
a long time: 作名词短语。
for 省略：
（1）后有一段时间这样的名词或短语作 for 的宾语时，for 可省略。
（2）“for+时间段”位于句首时，介词 for 不能省略。
■ he waited for two hours.
= he waited two hours.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：he
- 谓：waited for
- 宾：two hours.
■ To make matters worse, he left his briefcase on the train.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 状（不定式）：To make matters worse，
- 虚词：to
- 谓：make
- 宾：matters
- 宾补：worse
- 主：he
- 谓：left
- 宾：his briefcase
- 地状：on the train.
To make matters worse：此为不定式，to 虚词，而非介词。这种不定式短语通常置于句首，之后置逗号，有副词功能，修饰全句。
To tell（you）the truth：老实（对你）说。
To be frank（with you）：坦白（跟你）说。
■ he had to go to the police station.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：he
- 谓：had to go to
- 宾：the police station.
■ Poor Jeff never got to work that day.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：Poor Jeff
- 状：never
- 谓：got to work
- 时状：that day.
get to do 用法：get to (do) 属于现代语法中的半助动词。把半助动词引入传统语法其实也不冲突。如果按照不定式作状语分析，有时很难说不定式作什么状语，所以不如按照半助动词分析，get to do合起来为复合谓语，这更为简单。
■ What a nightmare!
= What a nightmare（it was）!
句型：感叹句。
此句陈述句为：It was a nightmare.
