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摘要： In quantum mechanics, the electric fields are operators as explained by second quantization and Fock states. Each electrical field operator can furthe 阅读全文

摘要： Norm Norm for vectors \[ \begin{aligned} &\|x\| \geq 0 \\ &\|x\|=0 \text { if and only if } x=0 \\ &\|c x\|=|c|\|x\| \\ &\|x+y\| \leq\|x\|+\|y\| \end{ 阅读全文

摘要： Quoted from StackExchange. Suppose we have two events \((x_1,y_1,z_1,t_1)\) and \((x_2,y_2,z_2,t_2)\). Then we can define \(\Delta s^2 = -(c\Delta t)^ 阅读全文

摘要： DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.99.040101 Eq(8): Try to use Lagerange's multipliers method, only find it too complicated: \[ \begin{cases} \sum_{n=1}{\frac{p_nn 阅读全文