| Language | 
Value type | 
Reference type
 | 
| C++[3] | 
booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers, arrays, classes (including strings, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues), enumerations | 
alias, pointers
 | 
| Java[4] | 
booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers | 
arrays, classes (including immutable strings, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues, enumerations), interfaces, null pointer
 | 
| C#[5] | 
structures (including booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers, fixed-point numbers, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues, optionals), enumerations | 
classes (including immutable strings, arrays, tuples, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues), interfaces, pointers
 | 
| Swift[6][7] | 
structures (including booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers, fixed-point numbers, immutable strings, tuples, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues), enumerations (including optionals) | 
functions, classes, interfaces
 | 
| Python[8] | 
 | 
classes (including immutable booleans, immutable integer numbers, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable complex numbers, immutable strings, byte strings, immutable byte strings, immutable tuples, immutable ranges, immutable memory views, lists, dictionaries, sets, immutable sets, null pointer)
 | 
| JavaScript[9] | 
 | 
immutable booleans, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable symbols, immutable strings, undefined, prototypes (including lists, null pointer)
 | 
| OCaml[10][11] | 
immutable characters, immutable integer numbers, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable tuples, immutable enumerations (including immutable units, immutable booleans, immutable lists, immutable optionals), immutable exceptions, immutable formatting strings | 
arrays, immutable strings, byte strings, dictionaries (including pointers)
 |