Kubernetes进阶实战读书笔记：案例-使用ingress发布tomcat
一、准备名称空间
资源清单：
[root@master chapter6]# cat testing-namespace.yaml
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: testing
labels:
env: testing
创建：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl apply -f testing-namespace.yaml namespace/testing created
确认资源的存在：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl get ns testing NAME STATUS AGE testing Active 11s
二、部署tomcat实例
创建：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl apply -f tomcat-deploy.yaml deployment.apps/tomcat-deploy created
验证：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl get pods -n testing -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES tomcat-deploy-5c6746469-mwkp7 1/1 Running 0 5m24s 10.244.2.2 nodes2 <none> <none> tomcat-deploy-5c6746469-sjswn 1/1 Running 0 5m24s 10.244.0.88 master <none> <none>
三、创建service资源
资源清单：
[root@master chapter6]# cat tomcat-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat-svc
namespace: testing
labels:
app: tomcat-svc
spec:
selector:
app: tomcat
ports:
- name: httpport
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
创建：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl apply -f tomcat-svc.yaml service/tomcat-svc created
确认：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl get svc tomcat-svc -n testing NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE tomcat-svc ClusterIP 10.105.240.206 <none> 80/TCP 41s
四、创建ingress资源
资源清单：
[root@master chapter6]# cat tomcat-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: tomcat
namespace: testing
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: tomcat.ikubernetes.io
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: tomcat-svc
servicePort: 80
创建运行：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl apply -f tomcat-ingress.yaml ingress.extensions/tomcat created
验证：
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl describe ingress -n testing
Name: tomcat
Namespace: testing
Address: 192.168.118.18
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<error: endpoints "default-http-backend" not found>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.ikubernetes.io
tomcat-svc:80 (10.244.0.88:8080,10.244.2.2:8080)
Annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 11m nginx-ingress-controller Ingress testing/tomcat
Normal UPDATE 11m nginx-ingress-controller Ingress testing/tomcat
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.96.209.11 <none> 80:30724/TCP,443:32624/TCP 30m
ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.96.105.3 <none> 443/TCP 30m
nginx-ingress-controller NodePort 10.99.99.99 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 13m
五、进入容器查看nginx配置文件验证刚才的配置
进入容器
[root@master chapter6]# kubectl exec -n ingress-nginx -it ingress-nginx-controller-5d9498494d-97blq -- /bin/sh /etc/nginx $ ls fastcgi.conf geoip mime.types nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params.default fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default nginx.conf.default scgi_params.default win-utf fastcgi_params koi-win modsecurity opentracing.json template fastcgi_params.default lua modules owasp-modsecurity-crs uwsgi_params /etc/nginx $
nginx配置文件
/etc/nginx $ cat nginx.conf
# Configuration checksum: 7643592438155657136
# setup custom paths that do not require root access
pid /tmp/nginx.pid;
daemon off;
worker_processes 4;
worker_rlimit_nofile 261120;
worker_shutdown_timeout 240s ;
events {
multi_accept on;
worker_connections 16384;
use epoll;
}
http {
lua_package_path "/etc/nginx/lua/?.lua;;";
lua_shared_dict balancer_ewma 10M;
lua_shared_dict balancer_ewma_last_touched_at 10M;
lua_shared_dict balancer_ewma_locks 1M;
lua_shared_dict certificate_data 20M;
lua_shared_dict certificate_servers 5M;
lua_shared_dict configuration_data 20M;
lua_shared_dict ocsp_response_cache 5M;
init_by_lua_block {
collectgarbage("collect")
-- init modules
local ok, res
ok, res = pcall(require, "lua_ingress")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
lua_ingress = res
lua_ingress.set_config({
use_forwarded_headers = false,
use_proxy_protocol = false,
is_ssl_passthrough_enabled = false,
http_redirect_code = 308,
listen_ports = { ssl_proxy = "442", https = "443" },
hsts = true,
hsts_max_age = 15724800,
hsts_include_subdomains = true,
hsts_preload = false,
})
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "configuration")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
configuration = res
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "balancer")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
balancer = res
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "monitor")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
monitor = res
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "certificate")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
certificate = res
certificate.is_ocsp_stapling_enabled = false
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "plugins")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
plugins = res
end
-- load all plugins that'll be used here
plugins.init({ })
}
init_worker_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.init_worker()
balancer.init_worker()
monitor.init_worker(10000)
plugins.run()
}
geoip_country /etc/nginx/geoip/GeoIP.dat;
geoip_city /etc/nginx/geoip/GeoLiteCity.dat;
geoip_org /etc/nginx/geoip/GeoIPASNum.dat;
geoip_proxy_recursive on;
aio threads;
aio_write on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
log_subrequest on;
reset_timedout_connection on;
keepalive_timeout 75s;
keepalive_requests 100;
client_body_temp_path /tmp/client-body;
fastcgi_temp_path /tmp/fastcgi-temp;
proxy_temp_path /tmp/proxy-temp;
ajp_temp_path /tmp/ajp-temp;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
client_header_timeout 60s;
large_client_header_buffers 4 8k;
client_body_buffer_size 8k;
client_body_timeout 60s;
http2_max_field_size 4k;
http2_max_header_size 16k;
http2_max_requests 1000;
http2_max_concurrent_streams 128;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
server_names_hash_max_size 1024;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
map_hash_bucket_size 64;
proxy_headers_hash_max_size 512;
proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size 64;
variables_hash_bucket_size 256;
variables_hash_max_size 2048;
underscores_in_headers off;
ignore_invalid_headers on;
limit_req_status 503;
limit_conn_status 503;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type text/html;
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/rss+xml application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/css text/javascript text/plain text/x-component;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_vary on;
# Custom headers for response
server_tokens on;
# disable warnings
uninitialized_variable_warn off;
# Additional available variables:
# $namespace
# $ingress_name
# $service_name
# $service_port
log_format upstreaminfo '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $request_length $request_time [$proxy_upstream_name] [$proxy_alternative_upstream_name] $upstream_addr $upstream_response_length $upstream_response_time $upstream_status $req_id';
map $request_uri $loggable {
default 1;
}
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log upstreaminfo if=$loggable;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
resolver 10.96.0.10 valid=30s ipv6=off;
# See https://www.nginx.com/blog/websocket-nginx
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#keepalive
'' '';
}
# Reverse proxies can detect if a client provides a X-Request-ID header, and pass it on to the backend server.
# If no such header is provided, it can provide a random value.
map $http_x_request_id $req_id {
default $http_x_request_id;
"" $request_id;
}
# Create a variable that contains the literal $ character.
# This works because the geo module will not resolve variables.
geo $literal_dollar {
default "$";
}
server_name_in_redirect off;
port_in_redirect off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_early_data off;
# turn on session caching to drastically improve performance
ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# allow configuring ssl session tickets
ssl_session_tickets on;
# slightly reduce the time-to-first-byte
ssl_buffer_size 4k;
# allow configuring custom ssl ciphers
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ecdh_curve auto;
# PEM sha: dc1f122996306571729726cc318e9ff1b5efb753
ssl_certificate /etc/ingress-controller/ssl/default-fake-certificate.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ingress-controller/ssl/default-fake-certificate.pem;
proxy_ssl_session_reuse on;
upstream upstream_balancer {
### Attention!!!
#
# We no longer create "upstream" section for every backend.
# Backends are handled dynamically using Lua. If you would like to debug
# and see what backends ingress-nginx has in its memory you can
# install our kubectl plugin https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/kubectl-plugin.
# Once you have the plugin you can use "kubectl ingress-nginx backends" command to
# inspect current backends.
#
###
server 0.0.0.1; # placeholder
balancer_by_lua_block {
balancer.balance()
}
keepalive 32;
keepalive_timeout 60s;
keepalive_requests 100;
}
# Cache for internal auth checks
proxy_cache_path /tmp/nginx-cache-auth levels=1:2 keys_zone=auth_cache:10m max_size=128m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off;
# Global filters
## start server _
server {
server_name _ ;
listen 80 default_server reuseport backlog=511 ;
listen 443 default_server reuseport backlog=511 ssl http2 ;
set $proxy_upstream_name "-";
ssl_certificate_by_lua_block {
certificate.call()
}
location / {
set $namespace "";
set $ingress_name "";
set $service_name "";
set $service_port "";
set $location_path "/";
rewrite_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.rewrite({
force_ssl_redirect = false,
ssl_redirect = false,
force_no_ssl_redirect = false,
use_port_in_redirects = false,
force_no_ssl_redirect = false,
use_port_in_redirects = false,
})
balancer.rewrite()
plugins.run()
}
# be careful with `access_by_lua_block` and `satisfy any` directives as satisfy any
# will always succeed when there's `access_by_lua_block` that does not have any lua code doing `ngx.exit(ngx.DECLINED)`
# other authentication method such as basic auth or external auth useless - all requests will be allowed.
#access_by_lua_block {
#}
header_filter_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.header()
plugins.run()
}
body_filter_by_lua_block {
}
log_by_lua_block {
balancer.log()
monitor.call()
plugins.run()
}
access_log off;
port_in_redirect off;
set $balancer_ewma_score -1;
set $proxy_upstream_name "upstream-default-backend";
set $proxy_host $proxy_upstream_name;
set $pass_access_scheme $scheme;
set $pass_server_port $server_port;
set $best_http_host $http_host;
set $pass_port $pass_server_port;
set $proxy_alternative_upstream_name "";
client_max_body_size 1m;
proxy_set_header Host $best_http_host;
# Pass the extracted client certificate to the backend
# Allow websocket connections
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Request-ID $req_id;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $pass_access_scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $best_http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $pass_port;
proxy_set_header X-Scheme $pass_access_scheme;
# Pass the original X-Forwarded-For
proxy_set_header X-Original-Forwarded-For $http_x_forwarded_for;
# mitigate HTTPoxy Vulnerability
# https://www.nginx.com/blog/mitigating-the-httpoxy-vulnerability-with-nginx/
proxy_set_header Proxy "";
# Custom headers to proxied server
proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 4k;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 1024m;
proxy_request_buffering on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_cookie_domain off;
proxy_cookie_path off;
# In case of errors try the next upstream server before returning an error
proxy_next_upstream error timeout;
proxy_next_upstream_timeout 0;
proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;
proxy_pass http://upstream_balancer;
proxy_redirect off;
}
# health checks in cloud providers require the use of port 80
location /healthz {
access_log off;
return 200;
}
# this is required to avoid error if nginx is being monitored
# with an external software (like sysdig)
location /nginx_status {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
access_log off;
stub_status on;
}
}
## end server _
## start server tomcat.ikubernetes.io
server {
server_name tomcat.ikubernetes.io ;
listen 80 ;
listen 443 ssl http2 ;
set $proxy_upstream_name "-";
ssl_certificate_by_lua_block {
certificate.call()
}
location / {
set $namespace "testing";
set $ingress_name "tomcat";
set $service_name "tomcat-svc";
set $service_port "80";
set $location_path "/";
rewrite_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.rewrite({
force_ssl_redirect = false,
ssl_redirect = true,
force_no_ssl_redirect = false,
use_port_in_redirects = false,
})
balancer.rewrite()
plugins.run()
}
# be careful with `access_by_lua_block` and `satisfy any` directives as satisfy any
# will always succeed when there's `access_by_lua_block` that does not have any lua code doing `ngx.exit(ngx.DECLINED)`
# other authentication method such as basic auth or external auth useless - all requests will be allowed.
#access_by_lua_block {
#}
header_filter_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.header()
plugins.run()
}
body_filter_by_lua_block {
}
log_by_lua_block {
balancer.log()
monitor.call()
plugins.run()
}
port_in_redirect off;
set $balancer_ewma_score -1;
set $proxy_upstream_name "testing-tomcat-svc-80";
set $proxy_host $proxy_upstream_name;
set $pass_access_scheme $scheme;
set $pass_server_port $server_port;
set $best_http_host $http_host;
set $pass_port $pass_server_port;
set $proxy_alternative_upstream_name "";
client_max_body_size 1m;
proxy_set_header Host $best_http_host;
# Pass the extracted client certificate to the backend
# Allow websocket connections
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Request-ID $req_id;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $pass_access_scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $best_http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $pass_port;
proxy_set_header X-Scheme $pass_access_scheme;
# Pass the original X-Forwarded-For
proxy_set_header X-Original-Forwarded-For $http_x_forwarded_for;
# mitigate HTTPoxy Vulnerability
# https://www.nginx.com/blog/mitigating-the-httpoxy-vulnerability-with-nginx/
proxy_set_header Proxy "";
# Custom headers to proxied server
proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 4k;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 1024m;
proxy_request_buffering on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_cookie_domain off;
proxy_cookie_path off;
# In case of errors try the next upstream server before returning an error
proxy_next_upstream error timeout;
proxy_next_upstream_timeout 0;
proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;
proxy_pass http://upstream_balancer;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
## end server tomcat.ikubernetes.io
# backend for when default-backend-service is not configured or it does not have endpoints
server {
listen 8181 default_server reuseport backlog=511;
set $proxy_upstream_name "internal";
access_log off;
location / {
return 404;
}
}
# default server, used for NGINX healthcheck and access to nginx stats
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:10246;
set $proxy_upstream_name "internal";
keepalive_timeout 0;
gzip off;
access_log off;
location /healthz {
return 200;
}
location /is-dynamic-lb-initialized {
content_by_lua_block {
local configuration = require("configuration")
local backend_data = configuration.get_backends_data()
if not backend_data then
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
return
end
ngx.say("OK")
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_OK)
}
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
}
location /configuration {
client_max_body_size 21m;
client_body_buffer_size 21m;
proxy_buffering off;
content_by_lua_block {
configuration.call()
}
}
location / {
content_by_lua_block {
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND)
}
}
}
}
stream {
lua_package_path "/etc/nginx/lua/?.lua;/etc/nginx/lua/vendor/?.lua;;";
lua_shared_dict tcp_udp_configuration_data 5M;
init_by_lua_block {
collectgarbage("collect")
-- init modules
local ok, res
ok, res = pcall(require, "configuration")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
configuration = res
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "tcp_udp_configuration")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
tcp_udp_configuration = res
end
ok, res = pcall(require, "tcp_udp_balancer")
if not ok then
error("require failed: " .. tostring(res))
else
tcp_udp_balancer = res
end
}
init_worker_by_lua_block {
tcp_udp_balancer.init_worker()
}
lua_add_variable $proxy_upstream_name;
log_format log_stream '[$remote_addr] [$time_local] $protocol $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received $session_time';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log log_stream ;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
upstream upstream_balancer {
server 0.0.0.1:1234; # placeholder
balancer_by_lua_block {
tcp_udp_balancer.balance()
}
}
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:10247;
access_log off;
content_by_lua_block {
tcp_udp_configuration.call()
}
}
# TCP services
# UDP services
}
/etc/nginx $
重要看下面内容：
server {
server_name tomcat.ikubernetes.io ;
listen 80 ;
listen 443 ssl http2 ;
set $proxy_upstream_name "-";
ssl_certificate_by_lua_block {
certificate.call()
}
location / {
set $namespace "testing";
set $ingress_name "tomcat";
set $service_name "tomcat-svc";
set $service_port "80";
set $location_path "/";
rewrite_by_lua_block {
lua_ingress.rewrite({
force_ssl_redirect = false,
ssl_redirect = true,
force_no_ssl_redirect = false,
use_port_in_redirects = false,
})
balancer.rewrite()
plugins.run()
}
六、配置TLS lngress资源
如果有基于HTTPS通信需求、那么它应该由外部的负载均衡器予以实现、并在SSL会话卸载后将访问请求转发到ingress控制器接受客户端请求的需求、又期望他们能够提供HTTPS服务时、就应该配置TLS类型ingress资源
将此服务公开发布到互联网时、HTTPS服务用到的证书应由公信CA签署并颁发、用户遵循其相应流程准备好相关的数字证书即可
如果出于测试或内部使用之目的、那么也可以选择自制私有证书
自制私有证书
[root@master tomcat]# openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ..........................+++ ...................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@master tomcat]# openssl req -new -x509 -key tls.key -out tls.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=Xian/L=Xian/O=DevOps/CN=tomcat.liunux.io -days 3650 [root@master tomcat]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1277 Jul 30 15:00 tls.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jul 30 14:56 tls.key
在ingress控制器上配置HTTPS主机时、不能直接使用私钥和证书文件
创建一个TLS类型名为：tomcat-ingress-secret的secret资源
[root@master tomcat]# kubectl create secret tls tomcat-ingress-secret --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key -n testing secret/tomcat-ingress-secret created
确认secret资源tomcat-ingress-secret创建成功完成
[root@master tomcat]# kubectl get secrets tomcat-ingress-secret -n testing NAME TYPE DATA AGE tomcat-ingress-secret kubernetes.io/tls 2 2m11s
定义TLS类型ingress资源的配置清单
[root@master tomcat]# cp ../tomcat-ingress-tls.yaml .
[root@master tomcat]# cat tomcat-ingress-tls.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: tomcat-ingress-tls
namespace: testing
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- tomcat.ikubernetes.io
secretName: tomcat-ingress-secret
rules:
- host: tomcat.ikubernetes.io
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: tomcat-svc
servicePort: 80
创建运行
kubectl apply -f tomcat-ingress-tls.yaml
作者：罗阿红
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/luoahong/
本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接。
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