[Git/GitLab] 使用SSH远程登录GitLab/GitHub

1 前言

近日，换了台新电脑。
今日，正要更新(git pull)GitLab的源码时，在配置(用户名，邮箱，密码git config --global -l)完全无误的情况下，却报出如下错误：

$ git pull
git@10.0.5.16's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
git@10.0.5.16's password:

Permission denied, please try again.
git@10.0.5.16's password:
git@10.0.5.16: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

查了一下网友们的博客，可以无疑确定问题所在：
因新电脑的SSH密钥与GitLab个人账户中的SSH公钥匹配不上，导致远程自动登录失败，远程拉取Git代码错误。
(PS: (由于新电脑，.ssh下根本就不存在私钥))

经过捣鼓一翻，还真成！那么，现在记录一下叭！

2 使用SSH远程登录GitLab

• step0 打开Git Bash

• step1 确认/配置 Git的用户名和邮箱 无误

$ git config --global user.name "u$er"
 [更改全局用户名]
$ git config --global user.email "yyyy@xxxx.com"
 [更改全局用户邮箱]

$ git config --global -l
user.name=u$er
user.email=yyyy@xxxx.com

• step2 切换到当前用户主目录的ssh目录下
  若提示 “ No such file or directory”，可在系统对应路径下新建.ssh文件夹即可mkdir ~/.ssh。

$cd ~/.ssh

$ pwd
/c/Users/Johnny/.ssh

• step3 本地生成SSH通信的公钥和私钥

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "yyyy@xxxx.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/Johnny/.ssh/id_rsa): 【Enter】
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again: 【可输入SSH密码，也可不输入。一旦输入，以后git pull/push等操作时，均需输入SSH密码】
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Johnny/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Johnny/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:1UMiwerwehwfhiuwehdsvbk234vjsdv453k456IL567pqwgKexRitL2bkHN6+yhkJY yyyy@xxxx.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|        ..o .    |
|        .o.+     |
|     +   .--o    |
|    . o .+   .   |
|   + . +S.       |
|++o++ = +        |
|@*E. .O+ .       |
|B++o+.B.o        |
|o. +++..         |
+----[SHA256]-----+

$ ll
total 6
-rw-r--r-- 1 Johnny 197121 1766 9月  10 19:25 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 Johnny 197121  403 9月  10 19:25 id_rsa.pub

这样系统路径下就生成了2个密钥文件：id_rsa(私钥，存在本地)和id_rsa.pub(公钥，发放给客户端，例如：GitLab个人账户中)

• step4 全文拷贝生成的SSH公钥到GitLab中

$ clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
  【clip: 拷贝/剪切板命令】

• step5 验证

$ ssh -T git@GitLabHostAddress
    [方式1]

$ git pull
Enter passphrase for key '/c/Users/Johnny/.ssh/id_rsa': 【若之前设置了SSH密码，则：此时需输入正确的SSH密码】
remote: Enumerating objects: 1468, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1468/1468), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (735/735), done.
remote: Total 1468 (delta 781), reused 1360 (delta 719)
Receiving objects: 100% (1468/1468), 10.93 MiB | 5.03 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (781/781), completed with 95 local objects.
...
    [方式2]

X 参考文献

• Git解决Permission denied, please try again问题 - 推荐
• 使用SSH密钥连接Github【图文教程】 - 推荐