（07）ElasticSearch 使用Kibana实现基础增删改查

　　本篇的主要内容：认识ElasticSearch的客户端Kibana、添加索引、查询索引、添加文档、修改文档、查询文档、删除文档、删除索引

　　1、Kibana的操作界面如下：

　　2、添加索引

PUT /lib/
{
  "settings":{
    "index":{
      "number_of_shards":3,
      "number_of_replicas":0
    }
  }
}

　　索引名是lib
　　分片数number_of_shards是3，分片数一旦确定是不能修改
　　备份数量number_of_replicas是0

　　添加默认索引如下：

PUT lib

　　分别执行 GET lib查看指定添加和默认添加的区别：默认分片数是5 备份数是1

{
  "lib": {
    "aliases": {},
    "mappings": {},
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1569314525913",
        "number_of_shards": "3",
        "number_of_replicas": "0",
        "uuid": "UtdhpvQXRxibzTXkj9HPSA",
        "version": {
          "created": "6020499"
        },
        "provided_name": "lib"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "lib": {
    "aliases": {},
    "mappings": {},
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1569314833757",
        "number_of_shards": "5",
        "number_of_replicas": "1",
        "uuid": "5mwEdY0ZQu2ZP-uqrOFyGg",
        "version": {
          "created": "6020499"
        },
        "provided_name": "lib2"
      }
    }
  }
}

　　3、查看索引

　　下面的几种方法都可以查到所有的索引名称，只是展示的内容不同，_all 包含了aliases、mappings、settings

GET _all
GET _mappings
GET _mapping
GET _aliases
GET _alias
GET _settings

　　GET _all结果如下：如果有多个的话会列出所有的。

{
  "lib": {
    "aliases": {},
    "mappings": {},
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1569314833757",
        "number_of_shards": "5",
        "number_of_replicas": "1",
        "uuid": "5mwEdY0ZQu2ZP-uqrOFyGg",
        "version": {
          "created": "6020499"
        },
        "provided_name": "lib2"
      }
    }
  }
}

　　查询某个索引

　　以下的几个方法可以查询某个索引，展示的内容不同，GET lib 展示的内容包含了其他3项

GET lib
GET lib/_alias
GET lib/_mapping
GET lib/_settings

　　GET lib

{
  "lib": {
    "aliases": {},
    "mappings": {},
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1569314525913",
        "number_of_shards": "3",
        "number_of_replicas": "0",
        "uuid": "UtdhpvQXRxibzTXkj9HPSA",
        "version": {
          "created": "6020499"
        },
        "provided_name": "lib"
      }
    }
  }
}

　　4、添加文档

　　添加文档类似于向数据库中添加记录，有两种方式put和post，一个索引下面只能添加 一种类型

　　使用PUT添加文档，如下：

PUT /lib/user/1
{
    "first_name":"Jane",
    "last_name":"Smith",
    "age":32,
    "about":"I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":[ "music" ]
}

　　其中lib是创建的索引，user是类型名，1是添加的文档的id，使用PUT添加文档必须要有id。

　　如果使用POST添加文档，可以不指定id，elasticsearch会自己生成id，如下：

POST /lib/user/
{
    "first_name":"Fir",
    "age":23,
    "about":"I like to build cabinets",
    "interests":[ "forestry" ]
}

　　5、查询文档

　　现在只介绍两种查询 文档的方式，根据id查询和查询出所有文档

　　查询id为1的文档

GET lib/user/1

　　结果如下：

{
  "_index": "lib",
  "_type": "user",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "first_name": "Jane",
    "last_name": "Smith",
    "age": 32,
    "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests": [
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

　　查询索引为lib、类型为user下的所有文档

GET /lib/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all":{}
  }
}

　　结果如下：

{
  "took": 1,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "lib",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "lib",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "y6mQYm0BJNrNYF2GcZz1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Fir",
          "age": 23,
          "about": "I like to build cabinets",
          "interests": [
            "forestry"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

　　查询lib索引下类型是user，文档id是1的文档，只查询字段age和about

GET /lib/user/1?_source=age,about

　　结果如下：

{
  "_index": "lib",
  "_type": "user",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
    "age": 32
  }
}

　　6、修改文档

　　修改文档有两种方法，一个是用PUT直接覆盖掉原来的，另一个就是用POST只修改要改的部分。

　　第一中方法，将id为1的age修改为36：

PUT /lib/user/1
{
    "first_name":"Jane",
    "last_name":"Smith",
    "age":36,
    "about":"I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":[ "music" ]
}

　　第二中方法，将id为1的age修改为33

POST /lib/user/1/_update
{
    "doc":{
       "age":33
    }
}

　　7、删除文档

DELETE /lib/user/1

　　8、删除索引

DELETE /lib