Flash/Flex学习笔记(40)：弹性运动续--弹簧

上一篇里演示的弹性运动加上摩擦力因素后，物体最终基本上都会比较准确的停在目标位置。但是我们回想一下现实世界中的弹簧，如果把弹簧的一头固定起来(即相当于目标点)，而另一端栓一个球，把球拉开或压缩一定距离然后松手，事实上小球永远也不可能到达弹簧固定的那一端(因为弹簧即使压缩到最紧，也总有一定的长度)

所以如果要在Flash里模拟现实中的弹簧，真正的目标点绝不是弹簧的端点，而是目标点再偏移一段距离(即弹簧自然伸展时的长度)

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01
var ball:Ball = new Ball(6);

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addChild(ball);

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ball.y = 20;

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ball.x = 20;

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var targetX:Number=stage.stageWidth/2;

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var targetY:Number=ball.y;

08

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var springLength = 100;//弹簧长度

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var spring = 0.2;//弹性系数

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var friction = 0.92;//摩擦系数

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//画辅助线，以便看得更清楚

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graphics.lineStyle(0.5,0xaaaaaa);

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graphics.moveTo(ball.x,ball.y);

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graphics.lineTo(stage.stageWidth-ball.x,ball.y);

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graphics.moveTo(targetX,targetY-10);

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graphics.lineTo(targetX,targetY+10);

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graphics.moveTo(targetX-springLength,targetY-8);

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graphics.lineTo(targetX-springLength,targetY+8);

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var rect:Rectangle = new Rectangle(ball.x,ball.y,stage.stageWidth-ball.x*2,0);

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

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function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

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ball.vx += (targetX - springLength - ball.x)*spring;

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ball.vx *= friction;

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ball.x += ball.vx;

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}

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function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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(e.target as Sprite).startDrag(true,rect);

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removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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ball.stopDrag();

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT,function(){Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.AUTO});

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER,function(){Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.HAND});

如果考虑到二维坐标的弹簧运动，要稍微复杂一点：

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01
var ball:Ball = new Ball(10);

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addChild(ball);

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ball.y = 20;

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ball.x = 20;

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var targetX:Number=stage.stageWidth/2;

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var targetY:Number=stage.stageHeight/2;

08

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var springLength:uint = 100;//弹簧长度

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var spring:Number = 0.2;//弹性系数

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var friction:Number = 0.92;//摩擦系数

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var angle:Number = 0;

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE,function(){DrawLine()});

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angle = Math.atan2(targetY - ball.y,targetX -ball.x);//确定夹角

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trace(angle*180/Math.PI);

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function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

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ball.vx += (targetX - springLength*Math.cos(angle) - ball.x)*spring;//调整目标点

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ball.vy += (targetY - springLength*Math.sin(angle) - ball.y)*spring;

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ball.vx *= friction;

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ball.vy *= friction;

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ball.x += ball.vx;

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ball.y += ball.vy;

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DrawLine();

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}

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function DrawLine():void{

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graphics.clear();

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graphics.lineStyle(1);

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graphics.moveTo(targetX,targetY-10);

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graphics.lineTo(targetX,targetY+10);

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graphics.moveTo(targetX-10,targetY);

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graphics.lineTo(targetX+10,targetY);

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graphics.moveTo(targetX,targetY);

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graphics.lineStyle(0.5,0xaaaaaa);

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graphics.lineTo(ball.x,ball.y);

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}

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function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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(e.target as Sprite).startDrag(true);

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removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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ball.stopDrag();

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT,function(){Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.AUTO});

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ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER,function(){Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.HAND});

上面的例子中，移动的方向(即夹角)与目标点都是固定的，如果改成动态的（比如鼠标当前所在位置），效果可能更逼真

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function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

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targetX = mouseX;//改成动态目标

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targetY = mouseY;

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angle = Math.atan2(targetY - ball.y,targetX -ball.x);//动态夹角

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ball.vx += (targetX - springLength*Math.cos(angle) - ball.x)*spring;

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ball.vy += (targetY - springLength*Math.sin(angle) - ball.y)*spring;

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ball.vx *= friction;

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ball.vy *= friction;

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ball.x += ball.vx;

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ball.y += ball.vy;

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DrawLine();

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}

如果二个物体相互以对方所在位置为目标做弹性运动，同时再考虑弹簧长度，边界检测等因素，可以用AS3模拟出一个极逼真的弹簧模型：

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01
var ball_1:Ball = new Ball(10,0xff0000);

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var ball_2:Ball = new Ball(10,0x0000ff);

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ball_1.x = stage.stageWidth * Math.random();

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ball_1.y = stage.stageHeight * Math.random();

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ball_2.x = stage.stageWidth/2;

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ball_2.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

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addChild(ball_1);

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addChild(ball_2);

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var spring:Number = 0.1;

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var springLength:uint = 100;

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var friction:Number = 0.9;

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var darggingBall:Ball;

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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ball_1.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

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ball_2.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE,function(){DrawLine();});

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ball_1.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER,MouseOverHandler);

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ball_1.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT,MouseOutHandler);

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ball_2.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER,MouseOverHandler);

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ball_2.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT,MouseOutHandler);

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function MouseOutHandler(e:MouseEvent){

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Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.AUTO;

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}

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function MouseOverHandler(e:MouseEvent){

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Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.HAND;

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}

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function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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(e.target as Sprite).startDrag(true,new Rectangle(20,20,stage.stageWidth-40,stage.stageHeight-40));

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darggingBall = e.target as Ball;

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removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

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if (darggingBall!=null){

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darggingBall.stopDrag();

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darggingBall = null;

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}   

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}

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function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

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var dx1 = ball_2.x -ball_1.x;

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var dy1 = ball_2.y -ball_1.y;   

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var angle1:Number = Math.atan2(dy1,dx1);    

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ball_1.vx += (ball_2.x - springLength * Math.cos(angle1) - ball_1.x) * spring;

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ball_1.vy += (ball_2.y - springLength * Math.sin(angle1) - ball_1.y) * spring;  

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ball_1.vx *= friction;

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ball_1.vy *= friction;  

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ball_1.x += ball_1.vx;

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ball_1.y += ball_1.vy;

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var dx2 = ball_1.x -ball_2.x;

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var dy2 = ball_1.y -ball_2.y;   

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var angle2:Number = Math.atan2(dy2,dx2);    

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ball_2.vx += (ball_1.x - springLength * Math.cos(angle2) - ball_2.x) * spring;

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ball_2.vy += (ball_1.y - springLength * Math.sin(angle2) - ball_2.y) * spring;  

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ball_2.vx *= friction;

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ball_2.vy *= friction;  

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ball_2.x += ball_2.vx;

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ball_2.y += ball_2.vy;

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DrawLine();

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CheckBoundary(ball_1);

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CheckBoundary(ball_2);

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}

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function DrawLine():void{

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graphics.clear();

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graphics.lineStyle(0.5,0x666666);

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graphics.moveTo(ball_1.x,ball_1.y);

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graphics.lineTo(ball_2.x,ball_2.y);

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}

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function CheckBoundary(b:Ball){

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if (b.x>stage.stageWidth-b.width/2 || b.x<=b.width/2){

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b.x -= b.vx;        

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b.vx *= -1;

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}

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if (b.y>stage.stageHeight-b.height/2 || b.y<=b.height/2){

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b.y -= b.vy;

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b.vy *= -1;

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}

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}

如果玩得再疯狂一点，多放一些小球，让第二个以第一个为目标，第三个以第二个为目标...最后一个再以第一个为目标，这样构成一个环，大概就是下面这个样子：

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001
var spring:Number=0.1;

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var springLength:uint=150;

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var friction:Number=0.8;//摩擦力

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var darggingBall:Ball;

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var ballNumber:uint = 3;//小球个数

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var arrBalls:Array = new Array(ballNumber);

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for(var i:uint=0,j=arrBalls.length;i<j;i++){

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arrBalls[i] = new Ball(20,Math.random() * 0xffffff);

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var _ball:Ball = arrBalls[i];

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_ball.x=stage.stageWidth*Math.random();

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_ball.y=stage.stageHeight*Math.random();

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addChild(_ball);

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_ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER,MouseOverHandler);

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_ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT,MouseOutHandler);

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_ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

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}

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

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stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE,function(){DrawLine();});

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//切换光标

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function MouseOutHandler(e:MouseEvent) {

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Mouse.cursor=MouseCursor.AUTO;

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}

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//切换光标

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function MouseOverHandler(e:MouseEvent) {

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Mouse.cursor=MouseCursor.HAND;

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}

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//开始拖动

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function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void {

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(e.target as Sprite).startDrag(true,new Rectangle(20,20,stage.stageWidth-40,stage.stageHeight-40));

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darggingBall=e.target as Ball;

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removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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//结束拖动

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function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void {

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if (darggingBall!=null) {

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darggingBall.stopDrag();

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darggingBall=null;

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addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

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}

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}

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function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void {

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for(var i:uint=0,j=arrBalls.length-1;i<j;i++){

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SpringTo(arrBalls[i],arrBalls[i+1]);        

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}

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SpringTo(arrBalls[arrBalls.length-1],arrBalls[0]);

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DrawLine(); 

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for(i=0,j=arrBalls.length;i<j;i++){

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CheckBoundary(arrBalls[i]);

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}

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}

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//画连接线

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function DrawLine():void {

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graphics.clear();

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graphics.lineStyle(0.5,0x666666);

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//graphics.moveTo(ball_1.x,ball_1.y);

075
//graphics.lineTo(ball_2.x,ball_2.y);

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for(var i:uint=0,j=arrBalls.length-1;i<j;i++){

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graphics.moveTo(arrBalls[i].x,arrBalls[i].y);

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graphics.lineTo(arrBalls[i+1].x,arrBalls[i+1].y);

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}

081
graphics.lineTo(arrBalls[0].x,arrBalls[0].y);

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}

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//弹性运动处理

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function SpringTo(targetBall:Ball,moveBall:Ball):void{

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var dy=targetBall.y-moveBall.y;

087
var dx=targetBall.x-moveBall.x; 

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var angle1:Number=Math.atan2(dy,dx);

089
moveBall.vx += (targetBall.x - springLength * Math.cos(angle1) - moveBall.x) * spring;

090
moveBall.vy += (targetBall.y - springLength * Math.sin(angle1) - moveBall.y) * spring;

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moveBall.vx *= friction;

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moveBall.vy *= friction;

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moveBall.x += moveBall.vx;

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moveBall.y += moveBall.vy;

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}

096

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//检测边界

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function CheckBoundary(b:Ball) {

099
if (b.x>stage.stageWidth-b.width/2||b.x<=b.width/2) {

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b.x-=b.vx;

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b.vx*=-1;

102
}

103

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if (b.y>stage.stageHeight-b.height/2||b.y<=b.height/2) {

105
b.y-=b.vy;

106
b.vy*=-1;

107
}

108
}

思考一下：这样为啥不会造成死循环？