基于C#实现即时通讯工具

一、系统架构设计

1. 整体架构

graph TD A[客户端] -->|TCP/WebSocket| B[通信网关] B --> C[业务逻辑层] C --> D[消息队列] C --> E[用户服务] C --> F[群组服务] D --> G[(Redis)] E --> H[(SQL Server)] F --> H

2. 技术选型

模块	技术方案	说明
通信协议	TCP+自定义二进制协议	高效可靠，支持流式传输
网络层	System.Net.Sockets + Async/Await	异步非阻塞IO模型
消息队列	Redis Pub/Sub	解耦消息生产消费
数据库	SQL Server + Entity Framework	用户数据持久化
推送服务	SignalR	实时消息推送
文件传输	chunked transfer + 断点续传	支持大文件传输

---

二、核心模块实现

1. 通信网关（TCP服务端）

public class TcpGateway
{
    private TcpListener _listener;
    private ConcurrentDictionary<string, Socket> _clients = new();

    public async Task StartAsync(string ip, int port)
    {
        _listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
        await _listener.StartAsync();
        
        while (true)
        {
            var client = await _listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
            _ = HandleClientAsync(client);
        }
    }

    private async Task HandleClientAsync(TcpClient client)
    {
        using (client)
        {
            var stream = client.GetStream();
            var buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
            
            while (client.Connected)
            {
                int bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                if (bytesRead == 0) break;

                var msg = MessageParser.Decode(buffer, bytesRead);
                await MessageDispatcher.Dispatch(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 消息协议设计

public class MessageProtocol
{
    public ushort Magic { get; set; } = 0xA55A;
    public byte Version { get; set; }
    public MessageType Type { get; set; }
    public int BodyLength { get; set; }
    public byte[] Body { get; set; }
}

public enum MessageType
{
    Login = 1,
    Text = 2,
    File = 3,
    Heartbeat = 4
}

3. 消息处理中心

public static class MessageDispatcher
{
    public static async Task Dispatch(MessageProtocol msg)
    {
        switch (msg.Type)
        {
            case MessageType.Login:
                await AuthService.Authenticate(msg.Body);
                break;
            case MessageType.Text:
                await ChatService.SendMessage(msg);
                break;
            case MessageType.File:
                await FileService.Upload(msg);
                break;
            case MessageType.Heartbeat:
                HeartbeatManager.KeepAlive(msg.SessionId);
                break;
        }
    }
}

---

三、关键技术实现

1. 高并发处理

// 使用线程池优化资源
ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(50, 50);

// 异步处理消息
public async Task ProcessMessageAsync(Socket socket)
{
    var buffer = new byte[1024 * 10];
    while (true)
    {
        int bytesRead = await socket.ReceiveAsync(
            new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), 
            SocketFlags.None);
        
        if (bytesRead == 0) break;
        
        _ = Task.Run(() => HandleData(buffer, bytesRead));
    }
}

2. 消息持久化

public class ChatRepository
{
    private readonly DbContext _context;

    public async Task SaveMessage(ChatMessage message)
    {
        _context.Messages.Add(message);
        await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
        
        // 写入Redis消息队列
        await Redis.PublishAsync("chat_messages", message);
    }
}

3. 文件传输

public class FileTransferService
{
    public async Task SendFile(string filePath, Socket client)
    {
        using (var fileStream = File.OpenRead(filePath))
        {
            var buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; // 1MB分块
            int bytesRead;
            
            while ((bytesRead = await fileStream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
            {
                await client.SendAsync(
                    new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer, 0, bytesRead),
                    SocketFlags.None);
            }
        }
    }
}

---

四、安全机制

1. 通信加密

public class SecurityManager
{
    private readonly SslStream _sslStream;

    public async Task EstablishSecureConnectionAsync(Socket socket)
    {
        _sslStream = new SslStream(socket.GetStream(), false);
        await _sslStream.AuthenticateAsServerAsync(serverCertificate);
    }

    public byte[] EncryptData(byte[] data)
    {
        return _sslStream.Encrypt(data);
    }
}

2. 心跳机制

public class HeartbeatMonitor
{
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, DateTime> _sessions = new();

    public void UpdateHeartbeat(string sessionId)
    {
        _sessions[sessionId] = DateTime.Now;
    }

    public bool CheckTimeout(string sessionId, int timeoutSeconds = 30)
    {
        return (DateTime.Now - _sessions[sessionId]).TotalSeconds > timeoutSeconds;
    }
}

---

五、扩展功能实现

1. 群组管理

public class GroupService
{
    public async Task CreateGroup(string groupName, List<string> members)
    {
        var groupId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
        await _redis.HashSetAsync($"group:{groupId}", 
            new HashEntry[] { 
                new("name", groupName),
                new("members", string.Join(",", members))
            });
    }
}

2. 消息撤回

public class MessageService
{
    public async Task RecallMessage(string msgId)
    {
        var msg = await _redis.GetAsync<Message>($"msg:{msgId}");
        if (msg != null && msg.Timestamp > DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-2))
        {
            await _redis.PublishAsync("recall_message", msgId);
        }
    }
}

参考代码 c#即时通讯工具 www.youwenfan.com/contentcnp/112225.html

六、部署方案

组件	部署方式	推荐配置
通信网关	Docker容器化	4核8G，Kestrel并发5000+
Redis	集群模式	3主3从，持久化AOF
数据库	主从复制	16核32G，SSD RAID10
文件存储	MinIO分布式集群	4节点，10Gbps内网带宽

---

七、测试方案

1. 压力测试

   # 使用wrk进行压力测试
   wrk -t12 -c400 -d30s http://localhost:5000/api/chat
   

2. 监控指标

   public class PerformanceMetrics
   {
       public long MessagesSent { get; set; }
       public long MessagesReceived { get; set; }
       public double CPUUsage { get; set; }
       public double MemoryUsage { get; set; }
   }