bias.科学
滚木球游戏中：
1. tendency of the ball to swerve [转向] because of the way it is weighted 球转向的倾向，因为它被重量的方式 :-)
2. weighting that causes this 重心是偏的，偏重心
物理中：The grid bias of a vacuum tube is used to control the electron flow from the heated cathode to the positively charged anode. 真空管的栅极偏压用于控制从加热阴极到带正电阳极的电子流。
Tape bias is the term for two techniques, AC bias and DC bias, that improve the fidelity of analogue tape recorders. DC bias is the addition of direct current to the audio signal that is being recorded. AC bias is the addition of an inaudible high-frequency signal (generally from 40 to 150 kHz) to the audio signal. 磁带偏置是交流偏置和直流偏置两种提高模拟磁带录音机保真度的技术的总称。直流偏置是将直流电加到正在录制的音频信号中。交流偏置是将不可听见的高频信号（通常为40至150 kHz）添加到音频信号中。
重点是加，加一个数的加。不要和intercept和offset搞混。
The linear equation formula [直线的方程] is given by: y = mx + b, where, x and y are two variables, b is the y-intercept, m is the slope of the line.
In computer science, offset is the distance to an element within a data object. 比如一个struct { char a, b, c; }的起始地址是1000，a的地址是1000, c的offset是2，1000+2=1002是它的地址。
In IEEE 754 floating-point numbers, the exponent is biased in the engineering sense of the word – the value stored is offset from the actual value by the exponent bias, also called a biased exponent. Biasing is done because exponents have to be signed values in order to be able to represent both tiny and huge values, but two's complement, the usual representation for signed values, would make comparison harder.
To solve this problem the exponent is stored as an unsigned value which is suitable for comparison, and when being interpreted it is converted into an exponent within a signed range by subtracting the bias.
When interpreting the floating-point number, the bias is subtracted to retrieve the actual exponent.
For a single-precision number, the exponent is stored in the range 1 .. 254 (0 and 255 have special meanings), and is interpreted by subtracting the bias for an 8-bit exponent (127) to get an exponent value in the range −126 .. +127.
By arranging the fields such that the sign bit takes the most significant bit position, the biased exponent takes the middle position, then the mantissa will be the least significant bits and the resulting value will be ordered properly. This is the case whether or not it is interpreted as a floating-point or integer value. The purpose of this is to enable high speed comparisons between floating-point numbers using fixed-point hardware. [第一遍看囫囵吞枣即可。没事常来看看，来啦学弟？:-)]
在统计学里，A statistic is biased if it is calculated in such a way that it is systematically different from the population parameter being estimated. The following lists some types of biases, which can overlap [列表很长，我只抄了几个，这就是bias的一个例子:-)]:
- Selection bias involves individuals being more likely to be selected for study than others, biasing the sample.
- Recall bias arises due to differences in the accuracy or completeness of participant recollections of past events. e.g. a patient cannot recall how many cigarettes they smoked last week exactly, leading to over-estimation or under-estimation.
- Observer bias arises when the researcher subconsciously influences the experiment due to cognitive bias where judgment may alter how an experiment is carried out / how results are recorded. 比如老师在学生中实名调查“老太太摔倒扶不扶”。有些学生可能填表时选“扶”，真遇到了则不扶。统计结果不准确反应真实情况。
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