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Lecture 1 A probability space \(P=(U,p)\) consists of Universe \(U\): finite non-empty set Probability function \(p:U\to[0,1]\) such that \(\sum\limit 阅读全文
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Ring Theory 4.8 Definition: A ring is a set together with two binary operation together with "" and "", obeying: is an Abelian group. is assoc 阅读全文
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Group Theory 2.26 Definition. A group is an ordered pair \((G,*)\), such that: Exists an identity \(e\), s.t. \(e*a=a*e=a\) for \(\forall a\in G\) \(\ 阅读全文