Centos7安装python3、numpy、scipy、matplotlib、pandas等
centos 7 已经自带 python 2.7.15，这里需要安装 python 3
[root@pwm]# python
Python 2.7.15 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Dec 14 2018, 19:04:19)
[GCC 7.3.0] on linux2
第一步：安装依赖包
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
第二步：下载python 3，这里下载 3.8.5
https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
用迅雷下载，然后上传
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.19/Python-3.8.19.tar.xz
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
第三步：指定存放目录(/usr/local/python3就是python3的安装目录)
mkdir /usr/local/python3
第四步：解压压缩包，进入该目录
tar -xvJf Python-3.8.19.tar.xz
cd Python-3.8.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
(注：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3这句的作用就是将程序安装在/usr/local/python3这个目录下)
第五步：安装python3
make && make install
(注：make是编译，make install是安装)
第六步：创建软链接(将 /usr/bin/python3指向/usr/local/python3/bin/python3)
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
检查pip和pip3对应的python的版本，如果是3.6，需要删除，然后重新建立 link
[root@VM-8-12-centos ~]# which pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip3
[root@VM-8-12-centos ~]# /usr/local/bin/pip3 -V
pip 21.3.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
[root@VM-8-12-centos ~]# /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 -V
pip 23.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
rm /usr/bin/pip3
rm /usr/local/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
rm /usr/local/bin/pip
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip
pip -V
升级pip(如果需要)
按照提示升级pip，命令：pip3 install --upgrade pip
使用：
/usr/local/python3/bin/python3
修改系统默认的python2.7为python3
which python
/usr/bin/python
sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
==========================================
[root@VM-8-12-centos backend]# locate pip3
/usr/bin/pip3
/usr/bin/pip3.6
/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8
/usr/local/qcloud/python/bin/pip3
/usr/local/qcloud/python/bin/pip3.7
/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pip3
/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pip3.6
[root@VM-8-12-centos backend]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2291 Jul 31 2015 lesspipe.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jan 8 2021 pip-3 -> ./pip-3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 8 2021 pip-3.6 -> ./pip3.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 407 Oct 14 2020 pip3.6
[root@VM-8-12-centos backend]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/ | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 237 Aug 27 20:19 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 237 Aug 27 20:19 pip3.8
/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 -V
pip 23.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
==========================================
2.安装其它(直接输入命令)
pip3 install numpy
pip3 install scipy
pip3 install matplotlib
pip3 install pandas
pip3 install statsmodels
pip3 install scikit-learn
pip3 install gensim
pip3 install theano
pip3 install keras
pip3 install tensorflow
REF
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangtingzu/p/8650664.html
