STM32用系统计数器翻转IO和ADC电压采集

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
 ******************************************************************************
 * @file           : main.c
 * @brief          : Main program body
 ******************************************************************************
 * @attention
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
 * in the root directory of this software component.
 * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint16_t ADC_Read_Voltage(void) {
  uint32_t adc_value = 0;
  uint16_t voltage_mv = 0;

  // 启动 ADC 转换
  HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc);
  // 等待转换完成
  if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc, 100) == HAL_OK) {
    // 读取 12 位 ADC 原始值（范围 0 ~ 4095）
    adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc);
    // 转换为电压：V = (ADC值 / 4095) * 3300 mV
    voltage_mv = (uint16_t)((adc_value * 3300) / 4095);
  }
  HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc);

  return voltage_mv;
}
// 示例：多次采样取平均
uint16_t ADC_Read_Average(void) {
  uint32_t sum = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    sum += ADC_Read_Voltage();
    HAL_Delay(1);
  }
  return sum / 10;
}

#ifdef __GNUC__
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
#endif
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE {
  // clang-format off
  // HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);?为uart编号
  // clang-format on
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
  return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
 * @brief  The application entry point.
 * @retval int
 */
int main(void) {

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick.
   */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
  uint32_t last_led_tick = 0;  // LED 翻转的时间戳
  uint32_t last_uart_tick = 0; // 串口打印的时间戳
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_ADC_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  uint16_t voltage = 0;
  char print_buf[50] = {0}; // 存储打印字符串
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1) {
    uint32_t current_tick = HAL_GetTick();
    // 2.判断是否达到500ms间隔（处理tick溢出：用减法而非>=，避免uint32_t溢出问题）
    if ((current_tick - last_led_tick) >= 500) {
      // 3. 翻转LED GPIO
      HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, LED_Pin);
      // 4. 更新上次翻转的时间戳（关键：重置计数值，否则会持续翻转）
      last_led_tick = current_tick;
    }
    if ((current_tick - last_uart_tick) >= 1000) {
      voltage = ADC_Read_Average();
      sprintf(print_buf, "ADC Voltage: %d mV \r\n", voltage);
      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)print_buf, strlen(print_buf),
                        HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      last_uart_tick = current_tick;
    }
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
 * @brief System Clock Configuration
 * @retval None
 */
void SystemClock_Config(void) {
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
   * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
   */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType =
      RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI | RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI14;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSI14State = RCC_HSI14_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSI14CalibrationValue = 16;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
   */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType =
      RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
  PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
 * @brief ADC Initialization Function
 * @param None
 * @retval None
 */
static void MX_ADC_Init(void) {

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC_Init 1 */

  /** Configure the global features of the ADC (Clock, Resolution, Data
   * Alignment and number of conversion)
   */
  hadc.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV1;
  hadc.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DIRECTION_FORWARD;
  hadc.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
  hadc.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
  hadc.Init.LowPowerAutoPowerOff = DISABLE;
  hadc.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
  hadc.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
  hadc.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.
   */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_RANK_CHANNEL_NUMBER;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_13CYCLES_5;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc, &sConfig) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.
   */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_TEMPSENSOR;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc, &sConfig) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.
   */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_VREFINT;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc, &sConfig) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC_Init 2 */
}

/**
 * @brief USART1 Initialization Function
 * @param None
 * @retval None
 */
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void) {

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK) {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */
}

/**
 * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
 * @param None
 * @retval None
 */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void) {
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

  /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : LED_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = LED_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(LED_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */

  /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
 * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
 * @retval None
 */
void Error_Handler(void) {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1) {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
 * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
 *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
 * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
 * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
 * @retval None
 */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line
     number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file,
     line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

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