2022-03-04 英语语法

英语语法学习（个人学习笔记）：

放在谓语动词之前的就是主语，（谓语就是动词）。

　　 I love you.

　　To see is to believe.

　　The flower smells great.

　　Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.

动词分为 1.实意动词   2.系动词   3. 助动词   4. 情态动词  。

1. 实意动词就是具有实际动作意义的词：run  hit  jump 。

2. 系动词就是be 动词和be 功能（等同于be动词）一样的词。

3. 助动词：be  have  has  had  do  did 。

4. 情态动词：can  may  must  should  would 。

　　I love you .

　　To see is to believe .

　　The flower smells great .

　　Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world .

放在实意动词之后的成分就叫宾语。

放在系动词之后的成分就叫表语。

补充说明宾语的成分就叫宾补。

　　I find you beautiful . (宾补)--> 验证方法：you are beautiful.

　　I consider him a liar . --> he is a liar.

　　I hear her singing . --> she is singing .

综上，五大基本概念：1. 主语  2. 谓语  3. 宾语  4. 表语  5. 宾补

 (｡♥ᴗ♥｡)  关于神奇的数字5 ：人有五指，五官，五脏，音乐有五线谱，五行金木水火土，粮食有五谷。

•五大基本句型：是万句之源，一个句子的主干有且仅有一个谓语动词。

1. 主+谓  eg. I arrived. / The rain stopped.

2. 主+谓+宾 eg. I love you.

3. 主+谓+宾+宾 eg. My mom bought me a drink.

4. 主+谓+宾+宾补 eg. I find you beautiful.

5. 主+系+表 eg. I am good.

状语：除去五大基本概念和形容词（定语）剩下的成分就是状语。

 

•并列句的起源于本质：并列连词：and or but .

　　you are nice. I don't love you.这两句话用一句话表达：You are nice but I don't love you.

　　eg. He helped me and I helped him.

　　eg. You watch TV or you can do exercise.

 

•名词性从句的起源和本质：

eg. Yaoming is tall. It is fact that Yaoming is tall.

一、陈述句变化规则：That + 陈述句 = 一个名词。

　　1.That Yaoming is tall is a fact.（主语从句）

　　2.We know （that）Yaoming is tall.（宾语从句）

　　3.My opinoin is that Yaoming is tall.（表语从句）

　　4.The opinoin that Yaoming is tall is right.（同位语从句）

一个句子做了名词的功能就叫做名词性从句。

一般疑问句：Will you come to beijing tomorrow?

二、一般疑问句变化规则：if/whether+疑问句的陈述语序 = 名词。

　　1.Whether you will come to beijing tomorrow is important to me.（主语从句）

　　2.I want to know if/whether you will come to beijing tomorrow.（宾语从句）

　　3.My question is whether you will come to beijing tomorrow.（表语从句）

　　4.The question whether you will come to beijing tomorrow bothers me.（同位语从句）

特殊疑问句：Why are you so clever?

三、特殊疑问句变化规则：陈述语序的特殊疑问词 = 名词。

特殊疑问词：1.what 2.which 3.who 4.whose 5.when 6.where 7.why 8.how .

　　1.Why you are so clever is a mystery.（主语从句）

　　2.We don't know why you are so clever.（宾语从句）

　　3.My question is why you are so clever.（表语从句）

　　4.The question why you are so clever interests me.（同位语从句）

总结：名词性从句：1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 

　　　名词性从句：1.陈述句 2.一般疑问句 3.特殊疑问句 

表达个人心情的句子是固定的，单独记忆。

　　1.I am afraid that he won't pass the exam.

　　2.We are sure that he will be successful soon.

　　3.I am glad that you come to see me.

 

•形容词性从句：一个句子做了形容词的功能就叫做形容词性从句。（定语从句）

　　eg. I like that beautiful gril who can speak good English.

　　先行词：gril  关系词：who 

一、先行词是人：（关系代词）关系词有三个：1.who 2.whom 3.whose 

　　1.This is the man who saved my life.（主格：在主语的位置）

　　2.This is the man whom I saved. （宾格：放在宾语的位置）

　　3.This is the man whose life was saved by me.（...的）

二、先行词是物：（关系代词）关系词有三个：1.that 2.which 3.as 

　　1.This is the book that I read.（that不和逗号搭配，that不和介词搭配）

　　2.This is the book which is very popular.（which与介词搭配）

　　3.You always work hard ,as everybody knows.（as代表前面一整句话，整件事）

　　4.This is the room ,in which I spent my whole childhood.（与介词搭配）

　　5.I like climbing mountains ,which is good for my health.（这里不应用as，因为是爬山对我健康有益，而不是我喜欢爬山这件事对我有益）

　　注意：as不可指代某个具体的词，一般指某件事，其引导的定语从句可以置于句首和句末，其他定语从句不可以。

　　eg. As is planned ,we got there brfore eight.（在句首）

　　eg. They won the game ,as we had expected.（在句末）

　　当句子中出现such/the same 时，用as.

　　eg. He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　有无逗号的区别：

　　1.I like the gril who is beautiful.（我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。）

　　2.I like the gril ,who is beautiful.（我喜欢这个女孩，因为她漂亮。加逗号的句子翻译成2句话。）

　　注意：当先行词是way/time时，关系词常常省略。

　　eg. I don't like the way (that) he treated me.

　　eg. This is the first time (that)I come here.

三、另类形容词：（关系副词）1.when 2.where 3.why 

　　1.I can never forget the day when I met her.

　　2.I can never forget the place where I met her.

　　3.I can never forget the reason why she dumped me.

　　另类形容词在句子中相当于状语，状语是句子中可有可无的成分，所以它有这样的规律：关系副词前面是表示时间、地点、原因的词，后面是一句完整的话。

 

•副词性从句：（状语从句）

那些修饰动词、形容词和整个句子的可有可无的成分叫做副词。状语就是副词。

　　1.I love you deeply.（修饰动词）

　　2.You are beautiful enough.（修饰形容词）

　　3.I have breakfast every day.（修饰句子）

一个句子做了副词的功能就叫做副词性从句。

公式：完整句子1+连词+完整句子2 

　　1.I love you as a mouse loves rice.

　　eg.After I finish my homework,i will play game with you.（时间）

　　You should have put the book where you found it.（地点）

　　I didn't come to work because I was ill.（原因）

　　He looked down so that she could not see his eyes.（目的）

　　If plastics are burned ,they give off poisonous gases.（条件）

　　I didn't sleep well last night,so I feel sleepy this morning.（结果）

　　You look younger than you are.（比较）

　　Although he studied hard ,he didn't pass the examination.（让步）

　　You must try to hold the tool as Ido.（方式）

时间状语连词总结：when/ while/ asbefore/ after/ since/ till/ until/  as soon as/ the moment/ the minute/ the second/ once/ hardly when/ no sooner than/ every time/ each time/ next time/ the last time/ the first time/ by the time/ 

 

英语长难句：左二右六原则。

1.已经存在的形容词放在名词前。  2.人为创造的形容词放在名词后面。

限定词：(限定范围的词)1.冠词：a an the 2.代词：my your his her their its 3.量词：some a munber of .

左二：1.已经存在的形容词  2.限定词。  

右六：人为创造的形容词：1.不定式to do  2.分词：过去分词done，现在分词doing  3.介词短语  4.定语从句  5.形容词短语  6.同位语从句。  

---

---