linux中的公钥私钥

ssh相关命令

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh
ssh          ssh-agent    sshd         ssh-keygen   sshpass      
ssh-add      ssh-copy-id  sshd-keygen  ssh-keyscan

本地创建公钥私钥对,默认使用rsa算法,也可用-t指定

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:q5OMk+nX/2UentlhJE2RgKNMBOqAjLPilsNNDwZ5fzA root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|       .o.  .....|
|o o   .  . o   ..|
|o= o E  o . .  . |
| oo + o  o    o  |
|o  + o .S    . o |
|+ = o .  .    o  |
| * . * o.     +o |
|. . = =..    =.=.|
|   ..o.. .... = .|
+----[SHA256]-----+

展示文件

[root@localhost .ssh]# pwd
/root/.ssh
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub

公钥id_rsa.pub

[root@localhost .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCniAqzzkt3rkSllVcE45mteaVZDzE4vt9kteZaM62Zi+CQtyU3ZhBLEqMYu4fsV8uTBzNv68N+6315N5OjU4+Yrtvh8jlDeVgtvRH6tqtvqq+4wHBmvfbPelGumNME2ygifl7JxOxhloH0SvjXM0YX8wVJAf2pX9hZnPACcj11j8NP2xubPfNxmwJlzVFbwCM3EV3iE4Ubo1OL37V7RGsxz9L+OERz1/LSumcDUAD43kI7X/SSnHdMbDn8jAeUEhTe5pVswFN3XkIWtY3jJzyfJW52lUW/9ezC0uOkyUt9R8vhdZ7WMVVMml1BCxSgbpKI1zOcSP0k5Sehc6k9N4Yd root@localhost.localdomain

私钥id_rsa

[root@localhost .ssh]# cat id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

向远程登录发生密钥

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.80.101
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
[root@localhost .ssh]# cat known_hosts 
192.168.80.101 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBEKrVJpwSq5DqAM5lG96xGcE/RX7Sdx8BbAFhfi7VtZn1eV7q23gqm5B4XDd0NQoWGlFEjXMEU7uut3MfBfEiJo=

远程主机

[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys
[root@localhost .ssh]# cat authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCniAqzzkt3rkSllVcE45mteaVZDzE4vt9kteZaM62Zi+CQtyU3ZhBLEqMYu4fsV8uTBzNv68N+6315N5OjU4+Yrtvh8jlDeVgtvRH6tqtvqq+4wHBmvfbPelGumNME2ygifl7JxOxhloH0SvjXM0YX8wVJAf2pX9hZnPACcj11j8NP2xubPfNxmwJlzVFbwCM3EV3iE4Ubo1OL37V7RGsxz9L+OERz1/LSumcDUAD43kI7X/SSnHdMbDn8jAeUEhTe5pVswFN3XkIWtY3jJzyfJW52lUW/9ezC0uOkyUt9R8vhdZ7WMVVMml1BCxSgbpKI1zOcSP0k5Sehc6k9N4Yd root@localhost.localdomain