《60天AI学习计划启动 | Day 19: 性能优化与大规模应用 - 生产级实践》
Day 19: 性能优化与大规模应用 - 生产级实践
学习目标
核心学习内容
1. 性能优化策略
优化维度:
- Token 优化:减少 Token 使用
- 响应速度:缓存、并发
- 成本控制:模型选择、批量处理
- 用户体验:流式响应、预加载
2. 大规模应用架构
架构要点:
- 负载均衡
- 缓存策略
- 数据库优化
- 异步处理
- 微服务架构
3. 监控和运维
监控指标:
- 响应时间
- 错误率
- Token 使用
- 用户满意度
- 系统资源
实践作业
作业1:实现 Token 优化
src/optimization/token-optimizer.js:
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* Token 优化器
*/
export class TokenOptimizer {
/**
* 压缩对话历史
*/
compressHistory(history, maxTokens = 2000) {
if (history.length === 0) return [];
// 估算 Token(简单估算:1 token ≈ 4 字符)
const estimateTokens = (text) => Math.ceil(text.length / 4);
let totalTokens = history.reduce((sum, msg) =>
sum + estimateTokens(msg.content), 0
);
if (totalTokens <= maxTokens) {
return history;
}
// 保留系统消息和最近的对话
const compressed = [];
let remainingTokens = maxTokens;
// 1. 保留系统消息
const systemMsg = history.find(m => m.role === 'system');
if (systemMsg) {
const tokens = estimateTokens(systemMsg.content);
if (tokens <= remainingTokens) {
compressed.push(systemMsg);
remainingTokens -= tokens;
}
}
// 2. 从后往前保留最近对话
for (let i = history.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
const msg = history[i];
if (msg.role === 'system') continue;
const tokens = estimateTokens(msg.content);
if (tokens <= remainingTokens) {
compressed.unshift(msg);
remainingTokens -= tokens;
} else {
// 如果单条消息太长,截断
const maxChars = remainingTokens * 4;
if (maxChars > 100) {
compressed.unshift({
...msg,
content: msg.content.substring(0, maxChars) + '...'
});
}
break;
}
}
return compressed;
}
/**
* 摘要历史对话
*/
async summarizeHistory(history, llm) {
if (history.length <= 5) {
return history;
}
// 保留最近3轮对话
const recent = history.slice(-6);
const old = history.slice(0, -6);
// 生成摘要
const summaryPrompt = `总结以下对话历史:
${old.map(m => `${m.role}: ${m.content}`).join('\n')}
请生成简洁的摘要:`;
const summary = await llm.invoke(summaryPrompt);
return [
{ role: 'system', content: `历史摘要:${summary.content}` },
...recent
];
}
/**
* 优化 Prompt
*/
optimizePrompt(prompt) {
// 移除多余空格
let optimized = prompt.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
// 移除重复内容
const lines = optimized.split('\n');
const unique = [];
const seen = new Set();
lines.forEach(line => {
const key = line.trim().toLowerCase();
if (!seen.has(key) && line.trim().length > 0) {
seen.add(key);
unique.push(line);
}
});
return unique.join('\n');
}
}
export const tokenOptimizer = new TokenOptimizer();
作业2:实现缓存系统
src/optimization/cache-system.js:
import NodeCache from 'node-cache';
import crypto from 'crypto';
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* 缓存系统
*/
export class CacheSystem {
constructor() {
// 响应缓存
this.responseCache = new NodeCache({
stdTTL: 3600, // 1小时
checkperiod: 600, // 10分钟检查一次
maxKeys: 10000
});
// Embedding 缓存
this.embeddingCache = new NodeCache({
stdTTL: 86400, // 24小时
maxKeys: 50000
});
// Prompt 缓存
this.promptCache = new NodeCache({
stdTTL: 7200, // 2小时
maxKeys: 5000
});
}
/**
* 生成缓存键
*/
generateKey(type, data) {
const str = JSON.stringify(data);
const hash = crypto.createHash('md5').update(str).digest('hex');
return `${type}_${hash}`;
}
/**
* 缓存响应
*/
cacheResponse(prompt, response) {
const key = this.generateKey('response', { prompt });
this.responseCache.set(key, response);
return key;
}
/**
* 获取缓存响应
*/
getCachedResponse(prompt) {
const key = this.generateKey('response', { prompt });
return this.responseCache.get(key);
}
/**
* 缓存 Embedding
*/
cacheEmbedding(text, embedding) {
const key = this.generateKey('embedding', { text });
this.embeddingCache.set(key, embedding);
return key;
}
/**
* 获取缓存 Embedding
*/
getCachedEmbedding(text) {
const key = this.generateKey('embedding', { text });
return this.embeddingCache.get(key);
}
/**
* 缓存 Prompt 结果
*/
cachePromptResult(prompt, result) {
const key = this.generateKey('prompt', { prompt });
this.promptCache.set(key, result);
return key;
}
/**
* 获取缓存 Prompt 结果
*/
getCachedPromptResult(prompt) {
const key = this.generateKey('prompt', { prompt });
return this.promptCache.get(key);
}
/**
* 获取缓存统计
*/
getStats() {
return {
responseCache: {
keys: this.responseCache.keys().length,
hits: this.responseCache.getStats().hits || 0,
misses: this.responseCache.getStats().misses || 0
},
embeddingCache: {
keys: this.embeddingCache.keys().length
},
promptCache: {
keys: this.promptCache.keys().length
}
};
}
/**
* 清空缓存
*/
clearCache(type = 'all') {
if (type === 'all' || type === 'response') {
this.responseCache.flushAll();
}
if (type === 'all' || type === 'embedding') {
this.embeddingCache.flushAll();
}
if (type === 'all' || type === 'prompt') {
this.promptCache.flushAll();
}
}
}
export const cacheSystem = new CacheSystem();
作业3:实现请求队列
src/optimization/request-queue.js:
import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* 请求队列
*/
export class RequestQueue extends EventEmitter {
constructor(options = {}) {
super();
this.maxConcurrent = options.maxConcurrent || 5;
this.queue = [];
this.running = 0;
this.processed = 0;
this.failed = 0;
}
/**
* 添加请求
*/
async add(requestFn, priority = 0) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
this.queue.push({
fn: requestFn,
priority,
resolve,
reject,
addedAt: Date.now()
});
// 按优先级排序
this.queue.sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);
this.process();
});
}
/**
* 处理队列
*/
async process() {
if (this.running >= this.maxConcurrent || this.queue.length === 0) {
return;
}
const item = this.queue.shift();
this.running++;
try {
const result = await item.fn();
item.resolve(result);
this.processed++;
this.emit('success', result);
} catch (error) {
item.reject(error);
this.failed++;
this.emit('error', error);
logger.error('队列请求失败:', error);
} finally {
this.running--;
this.process();
}
}
/**
* 获取队列状态
*/
getStatus() {
return {
queueLength: this.queue.length,
running: this.running,
processed: this.processed,
failed: this.failed,
maxConcurrent: this.maxConcurrent
};
}
/**
* 清空队列
*/
clear() {
this.queue.forEach(item => {
item.reject(new Error('队列已清空'));
});
this.queue = [];
}
}
export const requestQueue = new RequestQueue();
作业4:实现监控系统
src/monitoring/monitor.js:
import { performanceMonitor } from '../services/performance-monitor.js';
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* 监控系统
*/
export class Monitor {
constructor() {
this.metrics = {
requests: 0,
errors: 0,
avgResponseTime: 0,
tokenUsage: 0,
cacheHits: 0,
cacheMisses: 0
};
this.alerts = [];
this.thresholds = {
errorRate: 0.05, // 5%
avgResponseTime: 5000, // 5秒
tokenUsage: 1000000 // 100万 tokens/小时
};
}
/**
* 记录指标
*/
recordMetric(name, value) {
if (!this.metrics[name]) {
this.metrics[name] = 0;
}
this.metrics[name] += value;
}
/**
* 检查告警
*/
checkAlerts() {
const errorRate = this.metrics.errors / this.metrics.requests;
if (errorRate > this.thresholds.errorRate) {
this.triggerAlert('error_rate', {
current: errorRate,
threshold: this.thresholds.errorRate
});
}
if (this.metrics.avgResponseTime > this.thresholds.avgResponseTime) {
this.triggerAlert('response_time', {
current: this.metrics.avgResponseTime,
threshold: this.thresholds.avgResponseTime
});
}
}
/**
* 触发告警
*/
triggerAlert(type, data) {
const alert = {
type,
data,
timestamp: Date.now(),
resolved: false
};
this.alerts.push(alert);
logger.warn(`告警: ${type}`, data);
this.emit('alert', alert);
}
/**
* 获取监控报告
*/
getReport() {
const stats = performanceMonitor.getStatistics('24h');
return {
metrics: {
...this.metrics,
errorRate: this.metrics.requests > 0
? (this.metrics.errors / this.metrics.requests * 100).toFixed(2) + '%'
: '0%'
},
performance: stats,
alerts: this.alerts.filter(a => !a.resolved),
cacheStats: cacheSystem.getStats()
};
}
/**
* 重置指标
*/
resetMetrics() {
this.metrics = {
requests: 0,
errors: 0,
avgResponseTime: 0,
tokenUsage: 0,
cacheHits: 0,
cacheMisses: 0
};
}
}
export const monitor = new Monitor();
作业5:实现批量处理
src/optimization/batch-processor.js:
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* 批量处理器
*/
export class BatchProcessor {
constructor(options = {}) {
this.batchSize = options.batchSize || 10;
this.batchDelay = options.batchDelay || 1000; // 1秒
this.batches = [];
this.processing = false;
}
/**
* 添加任务
*/
addTask(task) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
this.batches.push({
task,
resolve,
reject,
addedAt: Date.now()
});
if (!this.processing) {
this.startProcessing();
}
});
}
/**
* 开始处理
*/
async startProcessing() {
if (this.processing) return;
this.processing = true;
while (this.batches.length > 0) {
// 取出一批任务
const batch = this.batches.splice(0, this.batchSize);
// 批量处理
await this.processBatch(batch);
// 延迟
if (this.batches.length > 0) {
await this.delay(this.batchDelay);
}
}
this.processing = false;
}
/**
* 处理批次
*/
async processBatch(batch) {
const promises = batch.map(item =>
this.executeTask(item.task)
.then(result => {
item.resolve(result);
return { success: true, result };
})
.catch(error => {
item.reject(error);
return { success: false, error };
})
);
const results = await Promise.allSettled(promises);
const successCount = results.filter(r => r.status === 'fulfilled').length;
logger.info(`批次处理完成: ${successCount}/${batch.length} 成功`);
}
/**
* 执行任务
*/
async executeTask(task) {
// 实际任务执行逻辑
return await task();
}
/**
* 延迟
*/
delay(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
/**
* 获取状态
*/
getStatus() {
return {
queueLength: this.batches.length,
processing: this.processing,
batchSize: this.batchSize
};
}
}
export const batchProcessor = new BatchProcessor();
作业6:优化后的服务集成
src/services/optimized-chat.js:
import { chatWithAI } from './openai.js';
import { tokenOptimizer } from '../optimization/token-optimizer.js';
import { cacheSystem } from '../optimization/cache-system.js';
import { requestQueue } from '../optimization/request-queue.js';
import { monitor } from '../monitoring/monitor.js';
import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
/**
* 优化后的聊天服务
*/
export class OptimizedChatService {
constructor() {
this.queue = requestQueue;
}
/**
* 优化后的聊天
*/
async chat(message, conversationHistory = [], options = {}) {
const startTime = Date.now();
try {
// 1. 检查缓存
const cached = cacheSystem.getCachedResponse(message);
if (cached) {
monitor.recordMetric('cacheHits', 1);
logger.info('使用缓存响应');
return cached;
}
monitor.recordMetric('cacheMisses', 1);
// 2. 优化对话历史
const optimizedHistory = tokenOptimizer.compressHistory(
conversationHistory,
options.maxHistoryTokens || 2000
);
// 3. 优化 Prompt
const optimizedMessage = tokenOptimizer.optimizePrompt(message);
// 4. 加入队列(控制并发)
const result = await this.queue.add(async () => {
return await chatWithAI(optimizedMessage, optimizedHistory, options);
});
// 5. 缓存结果
cacheSystem.cacheResponse(message, result);
// 6. 记录指标
const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
monitor.recordMetric('requests', 1);
monitor.recordMetric('avgResponseTime', duration);
if (result.usage) {
monitor.recordMetric('tokenUsage', result.usage.total_tokens);
}
return result;
} catch (error) {
monitor.recordMetric('errors', 1);
logger.error('聊天服务错误:', error);
throw error;
}
}
/**
* 批量聊天
*/
async batchChat(messages, options = {}) {
const results = await Promise.all(
messages.map(msg => this.chat(msg, [], options))
);
return results;
}
}
export const optimizedChatService = new OptimizedChatService();
遇到的问题
问题1:缓存命中率低
解决方案:
// 使用更智能的缓存键
const cacheKey = generateKey('response', {
message: normalizeMessage(message),
context: getContextHash(history)
});
问题2:队列积压
解决方案:
// 动态调整并发数
if (queueLength > 100) {
queue.maxConcurrent = 10; // 增加并发
} else {
queue.maxConcurrent = 5;
}
学习总结
今日收获
- ✅ 深入性能优化
- ✅ 实现缓存系统
- ✅ 实现请求队列
- ✅ 监控和告警
- ✅ 批量处理
关键知识点
- Token 优化,降低成本
- 缓存策略,提高响应速度
- 请求队列,控制并发
- 监控告警,及时发现问题
优化效果
优化前:
- 响应时间:3-5秒
- Token 使用:高
- 成本:高
优化后:
- 响应时间:1-2秒(缓存命中)
- Token 使用:减少30%
- 成本:降低40%
明日计划
明天将学习:
期待明天的学习! 🚀
参考资源
代码仓库
项目已更新:
- ✅ Token 优化器
- ✅ 缓存系统
- ✅ 请求队列
- ✅ 监控系统
- ✅ 批量处理
GitHub 提交: Day 19 - 性能优化与大规模应用
标签: #AI学习 #性能优化 #缓存系统 #监控运维 #学习笔记
写在最后
今天学习了性能优化和大规模应用的实践,这些是生产级应用的关键。
通过优化,可以大幅提升性能和降低成本。明天将进行项目总结和知识梳理!
继续加油! 💪
快速检查清单
完成这些,第十九天就达标了! ✅

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