日常英语---如何看待 1 月 26 日 Science 报道称新型肺炎可能别有源头而并非海鲜市场（转自知乎）

日常英语---如何看待 1 月 26 日 Science 报道称新型肺炎可能别有源头而并非海鲜市场（转自知乎）

一、总结

一句话总结：

all eyes have so far focused on a seafood market in Wuhan, China, as the origin of the outbreak.

But a description of the first clinical cases published in The Lancet on Friday challenges that hypothesis.

 

1、all eyes have so far focused on a seafood market in Wuhan, China, as the origin of the outbreak.？

so far

all eyes have focused on a seafood market

as the origin of the outbreak

所有人的目光都集中在中国武汉的海鲜市场上，以作为爆发的起源。

 

2、But a description of the first clinical cases published in The Lancet on Friday challenges that hypothesis.？

clinical 英 /ˈklɪnɪkl/ adj. 临床的；诊所的

lancet 英 /ˈlɑːnsɪt/  n. [外科] 小刀，柳叶刀；尖顶窗；小枪

hypothesis 英 /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ n. 假设

但是，周五在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的第一批临床病例的描述挑战了这一假设。

 

3、The paper...offers details about the first 41 hospitalized patients who had confirmed infections with what has been dubbed 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). ？

hospitalize 英 /ˈhɒspɪtəlaɪz/ vt. 就医；送…进医院治疗

infection 英 /ɪnˈfekʃn/  n. 感染；传染；影响；传染病

dubbed adj. 被称为的；译制的

novel 英 /ˈnɒvl/  adj. 新奇的；异常的 n. 小说

该论文...提供了有关首批41例确诊感染了2019年新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染的住院患者的详细信息。

 

4、“No epidemiological link was found between the first patient and later cases,” they state.？

epidemiological 英 /ˌepɪˌdiːmiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 流行病学的

the first patient and later cases

在第一个病人和以后的病人之间没有发现流行病学联系。

 

5、Earlier reports...said the first patient had onset of symptoms on 8 December—and those reports simply said “most” cases had links to the seafood market, which was closed on 1 January.？

onset 英 /ˈɒnset/ n. 开始，着手；发作；攻击，进攻

symptom 英 /ˈsɪmptəm/  n. [临床] 症状；征兆

had onset of symptoms on

较早的报道中说，第一例患者在12月8日出现症状，而这些报告只是说“大多数”病例与1月1日关闭的海鲜市场有关。

 

6、if the new data are accurate, the first human infections must have occurred in November—if not earlier—because there is an incubation time between infection and symptoms surfacing.？

accurate 英 /ˈækjərət/ adj. 精确的

the first human infections

incubation 英 /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/  n. 孵化；[病毒][医] 潜伏；抱蛋

an incubation time

如果新数据是准确的，那么第一批人类感染一定是在11月发生的，如果不是更早的话，因为在感染和症状浮出水面之间要有一段潜伏的时间。

 

7、If so, the virus possibly spread silently between people in Wuhan and perhaps elsewhere before the cluster of cases from the city’s now infamous Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was discovered in late December. ？

the virus possibly spread silently

cluster 英 /ˈklʌstə(r)/ n. 群；簇；丛；串 vi. 群聚；丛生 vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围

the cluster of cases

infamous 英 /ˈɪnfəməs/  adj. 声名狼藉的；无耻的；邪恶的；不名誉的

如果是这样，该病毒可能会在武汉乃至其他地方的人们之间悄无声息地传播，然后在12月下旬发现该市现在华南海鲜批发市场的大量病例。

 

8、The virus came into that marketplace before it came out of that marketplace？

The virus came into that marketplace

came out of that marketplace

 

 

9、At the beginning of the outbreak, the main official source of public information was notices from the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission.？

municipal 英 /mjuːˈnɪsɪpl/ adj. 市政的，市的；地方自治的

commission 英 /kəˈmɪʃn/  n. 委员会；佣金；服务费；犯；委任；委任状 vt. 委任；使服役；委托制作

Wuhan Municipal Health Commission 武汉市卫生委员会

was notices from

爆发初期，主要的官方新闻来源是武汉市卫生委员会的通知。

 

10、The notices did not state that the seafood market was the source, but repeatedly noted that there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission and that most cases linked to the market.？

The notices did not state that

was no evidence of human-to-human transmission

通知没有说明海鲜市场是来源，但一再指出，没有人与人之间传播的证据，大多数病例与市场有关。

 

11、Because the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission noted that diagnostic tests had confirmed these 41 cases by January 10 and officials presumably knew the case histories of each patient？

diagnostic test：diagnostic 英 /ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk/ adj. 诊断的；特征的 n. 诊断法；诊断结论

presumably knew：presumably 英 /prɪˈzjuːməbli/  adv. 大概；推测起来；可假定

因为武汉市卫生委员会指出，到1月10日，诊断测试已经确认了这41例病例，而且官员大概知道了每个患者的病史

 

12、China must have realized the epidemic did not originate in that Wuhan Huanan seafood market？

have realized the epidemic：epidemic 英 /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/  adj. 流行的；传染性的 n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行

did not originate in：originate 英 /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/  vt. 引起；创作 vi. 发源；发生；起航

中国一定已经意识到这种流行病并非源于武汉华南海鲜市场

 

 

 

二、如何看待 1 月 26 日 Science 报道称新型肺炎可能别有源头而并非海鲜市场（转自知乎）

转自：如何看待 1 月 26 日 Science 报道称新型肺炎可能别有源头而并非海鲜市场？ - 知乎
https://www.zhihu.com/question/368148350/answer/988964325

Science头铁啊，之前没人（敢）这样说这个推测吧...

 

all eyes have so far focused on a seafood market in Wuhan, China, as the origin of the outbreak. But a description of the first clinical cases published in The Lancet on Friday challenges that hypothesis.^[1]
（机翻）
所有人的目光都集中在中国武汉的海鲜市场上，以作为爆发的起源。但是，周五在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的第一批临床病例的描述挑战了这一假设。

 

The paper...offers details about the first 41 hospitalized patients who had confirmed infections with what has been dubbed 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The earliest case became ill on 1 December and had no reported link to the seafood market, the authors report. “No epidemiological link was found between the first patient and later cases,” they state. Their data also show that in total, 13 of the 41 cases had no link to the marketplace either. “That's a big number, 13, with no link,” says Daniel Lucey, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Georgetown
（机翻）
该论文...提供了有关首批41例确诊感染了2019年新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染的住院患者的详细信息。作者报告说，最早的病例于12月1日患病，没有报道与海鲜市场有联系。他们指出：“在第一个病人和以后的病人之间没有发现流行病学联系。”他们的数据还显示，总共41宗案例中有13宗也与市场没有联系。乔治敦大学（University of Georgetown）传染病专家丹尼尔·露西（Daniel Lucey）说：“这个数字很大，有13个，没有任何联系。”

 

Earlier reports...said the first patient had onset of symptoms on 8 December—and those reports simply said “most” cases had links to the seafood market, which was closed on 1 January.
（机翻）
较早的报道中说，第一例患者在12月8日出现症状，而这些报告只是说“大多数”病例与1月1日关闭的海鲜市场有关。

这个咬文嚼字...比知友还严格...

 

if the new data are accurate, the first human infections must have occurred in November—if not earlier—because there is an incubation time between infection and symptoms surfacing. If so, the virus possibly spread silently between people in Wuhan and perhaps elsewhere before the cluster of cases from the city’s now infamous Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was discovered in late December. “The virus came into that marketplace before it came out of that marketplace,” Lucey asserts.
（机翻）
露西说，如果新数据是准确的，那么第一批人类感染一定是在11月发生的，如果不是更早的话，因为在感染和症状浮出水面之间要有一段潜伏的时间。如果是这样，该病毒可能会在武汉乃至其他地方的人们之间悄无声息地传播，然后在12月下旬发现该市现在华南海鲜批发市场的大量病例。 Lucey断言：“病毒在进入那个市场之前就已经进入了那个市场。”

之前的主流声音是哪个市场就是病毒的源头，都是去过那个市场之后才得的。

这里推测不是这样：根据时间算，应该是有人之前就得了并已经悄无声息传播了，之后才带到那个海鲜市场扩大化传播...

 

The Lancet paper’s data also raises questions about the accuracy of the initial information China provided, says Lucey. At the beginning of the outbreak, the main official source of public information was notices from the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Its notices on 11 January started to refer to the 41 patients as the only confirmed cases and the count remained the same until 18 January. The notices did not state that the seafood market was the source, but repeatedly noted that there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission and that most cases linked to the market. Because the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission noted that diagnostic tests had confirmed these 41 cases by January 10 and officials presumably knew the case histories of each patient, “China must have realized the epidemic did not originate in that Wuhan Huanan seafood market,” Lucey tells ScienceInsider. (Lucey also spoke about his concerns in an interview published online yesterday by Science Speaks, a project of the Infectious Disease Society of America.)
（机翻）
柳西说，《柳叶刀》论文的数据也对中国提供的初始信息的准确性提出了疑问。爆发初期，主要的官方新闻来源是武汉市卫生委员会的通知。它在1月11日发出的通知开始将41例患者确定为唯一确诊病例，并且计数一直保持到1月18日。通知没有说明海鲜市场是来源，但一再指出，没有人与人之间传播的证据，大多数病例与市场有关。因为武汉市卫生委员会指出，到1月10日，诊断测试已经确认了这41例病例，而且官员大概知道了每个患者的病史，所以“中国一定已经意识到这种流行病并非源于武汉华南海鲜市场，”露西告诉ScienceInsider 。 （Lucey在昨天由美国传染病学会的一个项目Science Speaks在网上发表的一次采访中也谈到了他的担忧。）

这个脑洞不小呀...

 

the 1 December timing of the first confirmed case was “an interesting tidbit” in The Lancet paper.^[2] “The scenario of somebody being infected outside the market and then later bringing it to the market is one of the three scenarios we have considered that is still consistent with the data, he says. “It’s entirely plausible given our current data and knowledge.” The other two scenarios are that the origin was a group of infected animals or a single animal that came into that marketplace.
（机翻）
《柳叶刀》杂志第一个确诊病例的12月1日是“一个有趣的花絮”。他说：“有人被市场以外的人感染，然后再将其推向市场的情况是我们认为仍然与数据一致的三种情况之一。” “根据我们目前的数据和知识，这完全是合理的。”其他两种情况是，起源是进入该市场的一组被感染的动物或单个动物。
安德森于1月25日在病毒学研究网站上发布了他对2019-nCoV的27个可用基因组的分析。这表明他们早在10月1日就拥有“最新的共同祖先”（意为共同的来历）。

 

Bin Cao of Capital Medical University in Beijing, the corresponding author of the Lancet article and a pulmonary specialist, wrote Science in an e-mail that he and his co-authors “appreciate the criticism” from Lucey.. “Now It seems clear that [the] seafood market is not the only origin of the virus,” he wrote in an e-mail to ScienceInsider. “But to be honest, we still do not know where the virus came from now.”
（机翻）
北京首都医科​​大学的曹彬是《柳叶刀》杂志的通讯作者兼肺科专家，他在一封电子邮件中写道《科学》，他和他的合著者“赞赏露西的批评。”“现在看来，海鲜市场不是该病毒的唯一来源，”他在给Science Insider的电子邮件中写道。 “但是说实话，我们仍然不知道该病毒从何而来。”

 

这里面故事还是不少...虽然不影响现在的救治。