高级应用

高级应用

一、Admin后台管理

1、概述

什么是admin？

admin是后台可视化界面管理系统 方便模型的操作与维护

2、配置

  • settings.py
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    ]
    汉化
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

  • 创建用户进行访问
    python manage.py createsuperuser
    依次输入用户名 邮箱 密码

  • 路由访问
    127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

3、配置后台

班级与学生模型类

  • models.py
    from django.db import models

    创建班级模型

    class Grade(models.Model):
    gname = models.CharField(max_length=10, default='python36')
    gnum = models.SmallIntegerField(default=30)
    gboynum = models.SmallIntegerField(default=15)
    ggirlnum = models.SmallIntegerField(default=15)
    def str(self):
    return self.gname
    class Meta:
    db_table = 'grade'

    创建学生模型

    class Student(models.Model):
    sname = models.CharField(max_length=10, default='张三')
    sage = models.SmallIntegerField(default=18)
    ssex = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # 一对多外键关系 从表随着主表而删除
    # sgrade = models.ForeignKey(Grade, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # sgrade = models.ForeignKey(Grade, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    # sgrade = models.ForeignKey(Grade, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    sgrade = models.ForeignKey(Grade, on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, default=1)

    def str(self):
    return self.sname
    class Meta:
    db_table = 'student'

  • 设置为中文显示(字段在后台进行中文显示)
    class Grade(models.Model):
    ...
    ggirlnum = models.SmallIntegerField(default=15, verbose_name='女生人数')
    class Meta:
    db_table = 'grade'
    verbose_name = '班级'
    class Student(models.Model):
    ...

  • admin.py
    from django.contrib import admin
    from App.models import Grade, Student

    class StudentInfo(admin.StackedInline): # 竖着

    class StudentInfo(admin.TabularInline): # 横着
    model = Student
    extra = 2

    @admin.register(Grade)
    class GradeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [StudentInfo]
    # 字段显示
    list_display = ['pk', 'gname', 'gnum', 'gboynum', 'ggirlnum']
    # 过滤字段
    list_filter = ['gname']
    # 搜索字段
    search_fields = ['gname']
    # 分页
    list_per_page = 5 # 每页显示五条数据
    # 更改添加修改样式
    # fields = ['gname', 'gnum', 'gboynum', 'ggirlnum']
    # 添加修改分组(fieldsets和fields不能同时存在)
    fieldsets = [
    ('组一', {'fields':['gboynum', 'ggirlnum']}),
    ('组二', {'fields':['gname', 'gnum']})
    ]

    @admin.register(Student)
    class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def show_sex(self):
    if self.ssex:
    return '男'
    else:
    return '女'

    show_sex.short_description = '性别'
    list_display = ['pk', 'sname', 'sage', show_sex, 'sgrade']

    Register your models here.

    admin.site.register(Grade, GradeAdmin)

    admin.site.register(Student, StudentAdmin)

二、邮件发送

https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.2/topics/email/#django.core.mail.send_mass_mail

1、配置

基础阶段里面的邮箱配置

2、发送邮件

def test_send_mail(req):
from django.core.mail import send_mail
send_mail(
'主体',
'邮件内容',
settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER,
['793390457@qq.com'],
fail_silently=False,
)
return HttpResponse('发送邮件')

3、群发

from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail
message1 = ('Subject here', 'Here is the message', 'from@example.com', ['first@example.com', 'other@example.com'])
message2 = ('Another Subject', 'Here is another message', 'from@example.com', ['second@test.com'])
send_mass_mail((message1, message2), fail_silently=False)

send_mass_mail（）和send_mail（）之间的主要区别在于，send_mail（）每次执行时都会打开到邮件服务器的连接，而send_mass_mail（）对其所有邮件使用单个连接。这使得send_mass_mail（）的效率略微提高。

4、使用文本和html发送

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

subject, from_email, to = 'hello', 'from@example.com', 'to@example.com'
text_content = 'This is an important message.'
html_content = '

This is an important message.

'
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()

5、使用html发送

from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail, EmailMessage
msg = EmailMessage('主体', '邮件内容', settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER, ['793390457@qq.com','948807313@qq.com'])
msg.content_subtype = "html" # Main content is now text/html
msg.send()

三、分页

1、Paginator对象

  • 创建对象
    Paginator()
  • 属性
    count 对象总数
    num_pages 页面总数
    page_range 页码列表
  • 方法
    page(num)

2、page对象

通过Paginator的方法page 得到page对象

  • 属性
    object_list 当前页上所有数据
    number 当前页的页码值
    paginator 获取paginator 对象
  • 方法
    has_next 是否有下一页
    has_previous 是否有上一页
    next_page_num 返回下一页页码
    previous_page_num 返回上一页页码

3、实例

  • views.py
    def index(req):
    nowPage = req.GET.get('page',1)
    stu = Student.objects.all()
    p = Paginator(stu, 2)
    # print(p)

    通过页码获取当前页的对象

    try:
    # 判断页码是否合法
    if int(nowPage) >= int(p.num_pages):
    nowPage = p.num_pages
    page = p.page(nowPage)
    except:
    page = p.page(p.num_pages)

    return render(req, 'index.html', {'page': page})

  • index.html




    Title



    首页


      {% for s in page.object_list %}
    1. {{ s.sname }}

      2. {% endfor %}



四、中间件

1、说明

中间件就是在请求与响应过程中 进行安全验证的功能 每个中间件组件都会负责做一些特定的功能

2、本质

python类

3、使用场景

  • 白名单、黑名单
  • url访问过滤
  • 缓存

浏览器->中间件->url路由地址分发->中间件->视图函数->中间件->响应->

4、方法

  • process_request(self, req)
    在执行视图之前被调用(分配url匹配视图) 每个请求都会被调用 返回None或者response对象
  • process_view(self, req, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)
    调用视图之前进行调用 每个表请求都会调用 返回None或者response对象
  • process_response(self, req, response)
    所有响应在返回浏览器之前都会被调用 返回response
  • process_exception(self, req, exception)
    当视图抛出异常时进行调用

5、自定义中间件

  • App同级创建middleware文件夹
    App/
    middleware/
    myMiddly.py

  • myMiddly.py中创建MyMiddle类
    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
    from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect

    class MyMiddle(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, req):
    print(req.path)
    print(req.method)
    print(req.META['REMOTE_ADDR'])
    # if req.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] == '127.0.0.1':
    # return HttpResponse('您被拦截了')

    def process_exception(self, req, exception):
    print(exception)
    return redirect('/a/')

  • settings.py
    middleware中添加
    'middleware.myMiddle.MyMiddle',

posted @ 2022-03-01 10:01  寻月隐君  阅读(78)  评论(0)    收藏  举报