【树莓派】树莓派更换国内可用镜像源

树莓派更换国内镜像源可以显著提升软件下载速度，以下是详细步骤：

一、备份原始源文件

bash

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list.bak

二、更换软件源（适用于 Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye/Buster 及更新版本）

方法1：手动编辑（推荐）

编辑主源文件：

bash

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

替换为以下内容（以阿里云为例）：

text

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

编辑树莓派专用源：

bash

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

替换为：

text

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspberrypi/ bullseye main

方法2：使用sed命令快速替换

bash

sudo sed -i 's|deb.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's|security.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's|archive.raspberrypi.org|mirrors.aliyun.com/raspberrypi|g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

三、可选的其他国内镜像源

清华大学源

text

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

# 树莓派专用源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ bullseye main

中科大源

text

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

# 树莓派专用源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ bullseye main

四、更新软件包列表

bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

五、更换pip源（Python包管理）

创建或编辑配置文件：

bash

mkdir -p ~/.pip
nano ~/.pip/pip.conf

添加以下内容（以清华源为例）：

ini

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
extra-index-url = https://www.piwheels.org/simple
[install]
trusted-host = 
    pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    www.piwheels.org

六、注意事项

1. 版本匹配：上述示例中的 bullseye 需要根据你的系统版本替换：

   • Bullseye：Raspberry Pi OS 2022年及以后

   • Buster：Raspberry Pi OS 2019-2021

   • Stretch：更早版本

2. 查看系统版本：

   bash

   cat /etc/os-release
   lsb_release -a

3. 更新失败处理：如果更新出错，可以恢复备份：

   bash

   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

4. 使用HTTPS：部分镜像源支持HTTPS，如果遇到证书问题可以换成HTTP协议。

完成更换后，软件下载速度会有显著提升。