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化零为整WCF(13) - 并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)
作者：
webabcd
介绍
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) - 并发控制：以ConcurrencyMode.Multiple并发模式及InstanceContextMode.Single实例模型为例（此时有并发问题），介绍如何做并发控制，即各种锁的使用（Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock）
示例
1、服务
Enum.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 锁 类型的枚举
/// </summary>
[DataContract]
public enum LockType
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 不使用任何并发控制
/// </summary>
[EnumMember]
None,
/**//// <summary>
/// Mutex
/// </summary>
[EnumMember]
Mutex,
/**//// <summary>
/// Semaphore
/// </summary>
[EnumMember]
Semaphore,
/**//// <summary>
/// Monitor
/// </summary>
[EnumMember]
Monitor,
/**//// <summary>
/// Lock
/// </summary>
[EnumMember]
Lock
}
}
IHello.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口
/// </summary>
[ServiceContract]
public interface IHello
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 计数器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lockType">锁的类型</param>
[OperationContract]
void Counter(LockType lockType);
/**//// <summary>
/// 获取计数器被调用的结果
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[OperationContract]
string GetResult();
/**//// <summary>
/// 清空计数器和结果
/// </summary>
[OperationContract]
void CleanResult();
}
}
Hello.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// ServiceBehavior - 指定服务协定实现的内部执行行为
/// 实例模型：单例；并发模式：多线程
/// 会有并发问题，通过 锁 来解决
/// </remarks>
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]
public class Hello : IHello
{
private int _counter;
private string _result;
private System.Threading.Mutex _mutex = new System.Threading.Mutex();
// 此构造函数初始化未命名的信号量。所有使用这类信号量的实例的线程都必须具有对该实例的引用。
// 如果 initialCount 小于 maximumCount，则效果与当前线程调用了 WaitOne（maximumCount 减去 initialCount）次相同。如果不想为创建信号量的线程保留任何入口，请对 maximumCount 和 initialCount 使用相同的数值。
private System.Threading.Semaphore _semaphore = new System.Threading.Semaphore(1, 1);
private static readonly object objLock = new object();
/**//// <summary>
/// 计数器
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void Counter(LockType lockType)
{
switch (lockType)
{
case LockType.None:
ExecuteNone();
break;
case LockType.Mutex:
ExecuteMutex();
break;
case LockType.Semaphore:
ExecuteSemaphore();
break;
case LockType.Monitor:
ExecuteMonitor();
break;
case LockType.Lock:
ExecuteLock();
break;
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 获取计数器被调用的结果
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetResult()
{
return _result;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 清空计数器和结果
/// </summary>
public void CleanResult()
{
_result = "";
_counter = 0;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 循环调用技术器，以模拟并发
/// 结果中，出现重复计数，则有并发问题，反之，则无并发问题
/// </summary>
private void CircleCounter()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
var counter = _counter;
// 停20毫秒，以模拟并发
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);
_counter = ++counter;
// 保存计数结果
_result += _counter + "|";
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 不使用任何并发控制
/// </summary>
private void ExecuteNone()
{
CircleCounter();
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Mutex的实现
/// </summary>
private void ExecuteMutex()
{
try
{
_mutex.WaitOne();
CircleCounter();
}
finally
{
_mutex.ReleaseMutex();
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Semaphore的实现
/// </summary>
private void ExecuteSemaphore()
{
try
{
_semaphore.WaitOne();
CircleCounter();
}
finally
{
_semaphore.Release();
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Monitor的实现
/// </summary>
private void ExecuteMonitor()
{
try
{
System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(this);
CircleCounter();
}
finally
{
System.Threading.Monitor.Exit(this);
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Lock的实现
/// </summary>
private void ExecuteLock()
{
try
{
lock (objLock)
{
CircleCounter();
}
}
finally
{
}
}
}
}
2、宿主
Hello.svc
<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock.Hello" %>
Web.config
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="ConcurrencyLockBehavior">
<!--httpGetEnabled - 指示是否发布服务元数据以便使用 HTTP/GET 请求进行检索，如果发布 WSDL，则为 true，否则为 false，默认值为 false-->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<!--name - 提供服务的类名-->