第一次作业

1.Tkinter作为Python GUI开发工具之一。它具有GUI软件包的必备的常用功能。比如，它提供了十多种不同类型的窗口控件、窗口布局管理器、事件处理机制等。

2.创建窗口

# 创建主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("计算器")

# 创建显示框
entry = tk.Entry(window, width=35, borderwidth=5)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10)

3.创建按钮

# 创建按钮
button_1 = tk.Button(window, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = tk.Button(window, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = tk.Button(window, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = tk.Button(window, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = tk.Button(window, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = tk.Button(window, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = tk.Button(window, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = tk.Button(window, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = tk.Button(window, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = tk.Button(window, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))
button_dian = tk.Button(window, text=".", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click('.'))
button_add = tk.Button(window, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("+"))
button_subtract = tk.Button(window, text="-", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("-"))
button_multiply = tk.Button(window, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("*"))
button_divide = tk.Button(window, text="/", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("/"))
button_equals = tk.Button(window, text="=", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_equals)
button_clear = tk.Button(window, text="Clear", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_square_root = tk.Button(window, text="√", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_square_root)

4.设置按钮位置

# 将按钮放置在窗口上
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_add.grid(row=1, column=3)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_subtract.grid(row=2, column=3)

button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_multiply.grid(row=3, column=3)

button_dian.grid(row=4,column=0)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=4, column=2)
button_square_root.grid(row=4, column=3, columnspan=3)

button_equals.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2)
button_clear.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2)

5.定义函数

def button_click(number):
    current = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry.insert(tk.END, str(current) + str(number))

def button_clear():
    entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_equals():
    try:
        result = eval(entry.get())
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, str(result))
    except:
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")

def button_square_root():
    try:
        result = sqrt(eval(entry.get()))
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, str(result))
    except:
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")

 6.程序流程图

 

7.全部代码

import tkinter as tk
from math import sqrt

def button_click(number):
    current = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry.insert(tk.END, str(current) + str(number))

def button_clear():
    entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_equals():
    try:
        result = eval(entry.get())
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, str(result))
    except:
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")

def button_square_root():
    try:
        result = sqrt(eval(entry.get()))
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, str(result))
    except:
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")

# 创建主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("计算器")

# 创建显示框
entry = tk.Entry(window, width=35, borderwidth=5)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10)

# 创建按钮
button_1 = tk.Button(window, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = tk.Button(window, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = tk.Button(window, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = tk.Button(window, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = tk.Button(window, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = tk.Button(window, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = tk.Button(window, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = tk.Button(window, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = tk.Button(window, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = tk.Button(window, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))
button_dian = tk.Button(window, text=".", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click('.'))
button_add = tk.Button(window, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("+"))
button_subtract = tk.Button(window, text="-", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("-"))
button_multiply = tk.Button(window, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("*"))
button_divide = tk.Button(window, text="/", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("/"))
button_equals = tk.Button(window, text="=", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_equals)
button_clear = tk.Button(window, text="Clear", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_square_root = tk.Button(window, text="√", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_square_root)

# 将按钮放置在窗口上
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_add.grid(row=1, column=3)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_subtract.grid(row=2, column=3)

button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_multiply.grid(row=3, column=3)

button_dian.grid(row=4,column=0)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=4, column=2)
button_square_root.grid(row=4, column=3, columnspan=3)

button_equals.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2)
button_clear.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2)

# 运行主窗口
window.mainloop()

运行及调试