爬虫进阶(三)——ip代理和验证码识别模拟登录

  • HttpConnectinPool:
    • 原因：
      • 1.短时间内发起了高频的请求导致ip被禁
      • 2.http连接池中的连接资源被耗尽
    • 解决：
      • 1.代理
      • 2.headers中加入Conection：“close”
 

  • 代理：代理服务器，可以接受请求然后将其转发。

  • 匿名度

    • 高匿：啥也不知道
    • 匿名：知道你使用了代理，但是不知道你的真实ip
    • 透明：知道你使用了代理并且知道你的真实ip

  • 类型：

    • http
    • https

  • 免费代理：

  • cookie的处理

    url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
proxy_list=[{'https':'https://222.174.213.193:8888'},
         {'http':'http://222.174.213.193:8888'}]
page_text = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=random.choice(proxy_list)).text
with open('ip.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
    fp.write(page_text)

    代理池：

    #代理池：列表
import random
proxy_list = [
    {'https':'https://121.231.94.44:8888'},
    {'https':'https://131.231.94.44:8888'},
    {'https':'https://141.231.94.44:8888'}
]
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
page_text = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=random.choice(proxy_list)).text
with open('ip.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
    fp.write(page_text)
    from lxml import etree
##### 提取代理ip
ip_url = 'http://www.xiladaili.com/gaoni/'
page_text = requests.get(ip_url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
ip_list = tree.xpath('//tr//td[1]/text()')
ip_xieyi = tree.xpath('//tr//td[2]/text()')
print(ip_list + ip_xieyi)

    检测：

  • for ip in proxy_list_http:
    response = requests.get('https://www/sogou.com',headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip})
    if response.status_code == '200':
        print('检测到了可用ip')

    cookie的处理

    • 手动处理：将cookie封装到headers中
    • 自动处理：session对象。可以创建一个session对象，改对象可以像requests一样进行请求发送。不同之处在于如果在使用session进行请求发送的过程中产生了cookie，则cookie会被自动存储在session对象中。 
      #对雪球网中的新闻数据进行爬取https://xueqiu.com/
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36',
#     'Cookie':'aliyungf_tc=AQAAAAl2aA+kKgkAtxdwe3JmsY226Y+n; acw_tc=2760822915681668126047128e605abf3a5518432dc7f074b2c9cb26d0aa94; xq_a_token=75661393f1556aa7f900df4dc91059df49b83145; xq_r_token=29fe5e93ec0b24974bdd382ffb61d026d8350d7d; u=121568166816578; device_id=24700f9f1986800ab4fcc880530dd0ed'
}
url = 'https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id=20349203&count=15&category=-1'
page_text = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).json()
page_text
      #创建session对象
session = requests.Session()
session.get('https://xueqiu.com',headers=headers)

url = 'https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id=20349203&count=15&category=-1'
page_text = session.get(url=url,headers=headers).json()
page_text

      验证码的识别

      • 超级鹰：http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
        • 注册：（用户中心身份）
        • 登陆：
          • 创建一个软件：899370
          • 下载示例代码
      • 打码兔
      • 云打码 
        import requests
from hashlib import md5

class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

        示例：

        #识别古诗文网中的验证码
def tranformImgData(imgPath,t_type):
    chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')
    im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
    return chaojiying.PostPic(im, t_type)['pic_str']

url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = requests.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
    fp.write(img_data)
    
tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)

        模拟登录：

        #模拟登陆
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = s.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = s.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
    fp.write(img_data)
    
#动态获取变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
    
code_text = tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.org%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
    '__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
    '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
    'from':'http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx',
    'email': 'www.zhangbowudi@qq.com',
    'pwd': 'bobo328410948',
    'code': code_text,
    'denglu': '登录',
}
page_text = s.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
    fp.write(page_text)

        动态变化的请求参数，通常情况下动态变化的请求参数都会被隐藏在前台页面源码中

        超级鹰的示例（个人编写的类）

      • import requests
from hashlib import md5

class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

         

posted @ 2021-05-09 11:22  Full-Stack~  阅读(315)  评论(0)    收藏  举报