# 2019/9/8
# 思路： 1、找到一个免费的ip代理网站(如：西刺代理)
#
# 2、爬取ip（常规爬取requests+BeautifulSoup）
#
# 3、验证ip有效性（携带爬取到的ip，去访问指定的url，看返回的状态码是不是200）
#
# 4、记录ip （写到文档）
# !/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests, threading, datetime
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random
"""
1、抓取西刺代理网站的代理ip
2、并根据指定的目标url,对抓取到ip的有效性进行验证
3、最后存到指定的path
"""
# ------------------------------------------------------文档处理--------------------------------------------------------
# 写入文档
def write(path, text):
with open(path, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.writelines(text)
f.write('\n')
f.close()
# 清空文档
def truncatefile(path):
with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.truncate()
# 读取文档
def read(path):
with open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
txt = []
for s in f.readlines():
txt.append(s.strip())
return txt
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 计算时间差,格式: 时分秒
def gettimediff(start, end):
seconds = (end - start).seconds
m, s = divmod(seconds, 60)
h, m = divmod(m, 60)
diff = ("%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s))
return diff
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 返回一个随机的请求头 headers
def getheaders():
user_agent_list = [ \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1" \
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
UserAgent = random.choice(user_agent_list)
headers = {'User-Agent': UserAgent}
return headers
# -----------------------------------------------------检查ip是否可用----------------------------------------------------
def checkip(targeturl, ip):
headers = getheaders() # 定制请求头
proxies = {"http": "http://" + ip, "https": "http://" + ip} # 代理ip
try:
response = requests.get(url=targeturl, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=5).status_code
if response == 200:
return True
else:
return False
except:
return False
# -------------------------------------------------------获取代理方法----------------------------------------------------
# 免费代理 XiciDaili
def findip(type, pagenum, targeturl, path): # ip类型,页码,目标url,存放ip的路径
list = {'1': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wn/', # xicidaili国内https代理
'2': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/', # xicidaili国内高匿代理
'3': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/', # xicidaili国内普通代理
'4': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/'} # xicidaili国外http代理
url = list[str(type)] + str(pagenum) # 配置url
# print("url:",url)
headers = getheaders() # 定制请求头
html = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=5).text
# print("html:", html)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
all = soup.find_all('tr', class_='odd')
for i in all:
t = i.find_all('td')
ip = t[1].text + ':' + t[2].text
is_avail = checkip(targeturl, ip)
if is_avail == True:
write(path=path, text=ip)
print(ip)
# -----------------------------------------------------多线程抓取ip入口---------------------------------------------------
def getip(targeturl, path):
truncatefile(path) # 爬取前清空文档
start = datetime.datetime.now() # 开始时间
threads = []
for type in range(1): # 四种类型ip,每种类型取前三页,共12条线程
for pagenum in range(3):
t = threading.Thread(target=findip, args=(type + 1, pagenum + 1, targeturl, path))
threads.append(t)
print('开始爬取代理ip')
for s in threads: # 开启多线程爬取
s.start()
for e in threads: # 等待所有线程结束
e.join()
print('爬取完成')
end = datetime.datetime.now() # 结束时间
diff = gettimediff(start, end) # 计算耗时
ips = read(path) # 读取爬到的ip数量
print('一共爬取代理ip: %s 个,共耗时: %s \n' % (len(ips), diff))
# -------------------------------------------------------启动-----------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
path = 'ip.txt' # 存放爬取ip的文档path
targeturl = 'http://www.cnblogs.com/TurboWay/' # 验证ip有效性的指定url
getip(targeturl, path)
