ajax做省市联动
原理：
当select.jsp页面打开时，向服务器发送异步请求，得到所有省份的名称（文本数据）。然后使用每个省份名称创建<option>，添加到<select name=”province”>中。
并且为<select name=”province”>元素添加onchange事件监听。当选择的省份发生变化时，再向服务器发送异常请求，得到当前选中的省份下所有城市（XML数据）。然后客户端解析XML文档，使用每个城市名称创建<option>，添加到<select name=”city”>元素中。
代码实现：
前端页面
Web04\WebContent\ajax\select.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'ajax5.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<script type="text/javascript">
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
try {
return new XMLHttpRequest();//大多数浏览器
} catch (e) {
try {
return ActvieXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");//IE6.0
} catch (e) {
try {
return ActvieXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//IE5.5及更早版本
} catch (e) {
alert("浏览器不支持");
throw e;
}
}
}
}
/*
* 1. 在文档加载完毕时发送请求，得到所有省份名称，显示在<select name="province"/>中
* 2. 在选择了新的省份时，发送请求（参数为省名称），得到xml文档，即<province>元素
* 解析xml文档，得到其中所有的<city>，再得到每个<city>元素的内容，即市名，使用市名生成<option>，插入到<select name="city">元素中
*/
window.onload = function() {
/*
ajax四步，请求ProvinceServlet，得到所有省份名称
使用每个省份名称创建一个<option>元素，添加到<select name="province">中
*/
var xmlHttp = createXMLHttpRequest();
xmlHttp.open("GET", "/Web04/ProvinceServlet", true);
xmlHttp.send(null);
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4 && xmlHttp.status == 200) {
// 获取服务器的响应
var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
// 使用逗号分隔它，得到数组
var arr = text.split(",");
// 循环遍历每个省份名称，每个名称生成一个option对象，添加到<select>中
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
var op = document.createElement("option");//创建一个指名名称元素
op.value = arr[i];//设置op的实际值为当前的省份名称
var textNode = document.createTextNode(arr[i]);//创建文本节点
op.appendChild(textNode);//把文本子节点添加到op元素中，指定其显示值
document.getElementById("p").appendChild(op);
}
}
};
/*
第二件事情：给<select name="province">添加改变监听
使用选择的省份名称请求CityServlet，得到<province>元素(xml元素)！！！
获取<province>元素中所有的<city>元素，遍历之！获取每个<city>的文本内容，即市名称
使用每个市名称创建<option>元素添加到<select name="city">
*/
var proSelect = document.getElementById("p");
proSelect.onchange = function() {
var xmlHttp = createXMLHttpRequest();
xmlHttp.open("POST", "/Web04/CityServlet", true);
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlHttp.send("pname=" + proSelect.value);//把下拉列表中选择的值发送给服务器！
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4 && xmlHttp.status == 200) {
/*
把select中的所有option移除（除了请选择）
*/
var citySelect = document.getElementById("c");
// 获取其所有子元素
var optionEleList = citySelect.getElementsByTagName("option");
// 循环遍历每个option元素，然后在citySelect中移除
while(optionEleList.length > 1) {//子元素的个数如果大于1就循环，等于1就不循环了！
citySelect.removeChild(optionEleList[1]);//总是删除1下标，因为1删除了，2就变成1了！
}
var doc = xmlHttp.responseXML;
// 得到所有名为city的元素
var cityEleList = doc.getElementsByTagName("city");
// 循环遍历每个city元素
for(var i = 0; i < cityEleList.length; i++) {
var cityEle = cityEleList[i];//得到每个city元素
var cityName;
// 获取市名称
if(window.addEventListener) {//处理浏览器的差异
cityName = cityEle.textContent;//支持FireFox等浏览器
} else {
cityName = cityEle.text;//支持IE
}
// 使用市名称创建option元素，添加到<select name="city">中
var op = document.createElement("option");
op.value = cityName;
// 创建文本节点
var textNode = document.createTextNode(cityName);
op.appendChild(textNode);//把文本节点追加到op元素中
//把op添加到<select>元素中
citySelect.appendChild(op);
}
}
};
};
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>省市联动</h1>
<select name="province" id="p">
<option>===请选择省===</option>
</select>
<select name="city" id="c">
<option>===请选择市===</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>
处理省份的servlet
Web04\src\ajax\ProvinceServlet.java
package ajax;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ProvinceServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/ProvinceServlet")
public class ProvinceServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
try {
//创建解析器对象
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
//得到输入流
InputStream input = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/china.xml");
//得到document对象
Document doc = reader.read(input);
//查询所有的province的name属性,//province表示无限深度查询，/表示子节点
List<Attribute> arrList = doc.selectNodes("//province/@name");
//将所有的省份名称用逗号连接起来
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i=0;i<arrList.size();i++){
sb.append(arrList.get(i).getValue());
if(i<arrList.size()-1){
sb.append(",");
}
}
response.getWriter().print(sb);
} catch (DocumentException e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}
处理市数据的servlet
Web04\src\ajax\CityServlet.java
package ajax;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
/**
* Servlet implementation class CityServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/CityServlet")
public class CityServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//注意：发送xml这里要修改！！！
response.setContentType("text/xml;charset=utf-8");
try {
//创建解析器对象
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
//得到输入流
InputStream input = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/china.xml");
//得到document对象
Document doc = reader.read(input);
//得到省份名称
String pname = request.getParameter("pname");
Element proEle = (Element) doc.selectSingleNode("//province[@name='" + pname + "']");
//把元素转换成字符串
String xmlStr = proEle.asXML();
response.getWriter().print(xmlStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}
Web04\src\china.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <china> <province name="北京"> <city>东城区</city> <city>西城区</city> <city>崇文区</city> <city>宣武区</city> <city>朝阳区</city> <city>丰台区</city> <city>石景山区</city> <city>海淀区</city> <city>门头沟区</city> <city>房山区</city> <city>通州区</city> <city>顺义区</city> <city>昌平区</city> <city>大兴区</city> <city>怀柔区</city> <city>平谷区</city> <city>密云县</city> <city>延庆县</city> </province> <province name="天津"> <city>和平区</city> <city>河东区</city> <city>河西区</city> <city>南开区</city> <city>河北区</city> <city>红桥区</city> <city>塘沽区</city> <city>汉沽区</city> <city>大港区</city> <city>东丽区</city> <city>西青区</city> <city>津南区</city> <city>北辰区</city> <city>武清区</city> <city>宝坻区</city> <city>宁河县</city> <city>静海县</city> <city>蓟县</city> </province> <province name="河北"> <city>石家庄</city> <city>唐山</city> <city>秦皇岛</city> <city>邯郸</city> <city>邢台</city> <city>保定</city> <city>张家口</city> <city>承德</city> <city>沧州</city> <city>廊坊</city> <city>衡水</city> </province> <province name="山西"> <city>太原</city> <city>大同</city> <city>阳泉</city> <city>长治</city> <city>晋城</city> <city>朔州</city> <city>晋中</city> <city>运城</city> <city>忻州</city> <city>临汾</city> <city>吕梁</city> </province> <province name="内蒙古"> <city>呼和浩特</city> <city>包头</city> <city>乌海</city> <city>赤峰</city> <city>通辽</city> <city>鄂尔多斯</city> <city>呼伦贝尔</city> <city>巴彦淖尔</city> <city>乌兰察布</city> <city>兴安盟</city> <city>锡林郭勒盟</city> <city>阿拉善盟</city> </province> <province name="辽宁"> <city>沈阳</city> <city>大连</city> <city>鞍山</city> <city>抚顺</city> <city>本溪</city> <city>丹东</city> <city>锦州</city> <city>营口</city> <city>阜新</city> <city>辽阳</city> <city>盘锦</city> <city>铁岭</city> <city>朝阳</city> <city>葫芦岛</city> </province> <province name="吉林"> <city>长春</city> <city>吉林</city> <city>四平</city> <city>辽源</city> <city>通化</city> <city>白山</city> <city>松原</city> <city>白城</city> <city>延边</city> </province> <province name="黑龙江"> <city>哈尔滨</city> <city>齐齐哈尔</city> <city>鸡西</city> <city>鹤岗</city> <city>双鸭山</city> <city>大庆</city> <city>伊春</city> <city>佳木斯</city> <city>七台河</city> <city>牡丹江</city> <city>黑河</city> <city>绥化</city> <city>大兴安岭</city> </province> <province name="上海"> <city>黄浦区</city> <city>卢湾区</city> <city>徐汇区</city> <city>长宁区</city> <city>静安区</city> <city>普陀区</city> <city>闸北区</city> <city>虹口区</city> <city>杨浦区</city> <city>闵行区</city> <city>宝山区</city> <city>嘉定区</city> <city>浦东新区</city> <city>金山区</city> <city>松江区</city> <city>青浦区</city> <city>南汇区</city> <city>奉贤区</city> <city>崇明县</city> </province> <province name="江苏"> <city>南京</city> <city>无锡</city> <city>徐州</city> <city>常州</city> <city>苏州</city> <city>南通</city> <city>连云港</city> <city>淮安</city> <city>盐城</city> <city>扬州</city> <city>镇江</city> <city>泰州</city> <city>宿迁</city> </province> <province name="浙江"> <city>杭州</city> <city>宁波</city> <city>温州</city> <city>嘉兴</city> <city>湖州</city> <city>绍兴</city> <city>金华</city> <city>衢州</city> <city>舟山</city> <city>台州</city> <city>丽水</city> </province> <province name="安徽"> <city>合肥</city> <city>芜湖</city> <city>蚌埠</city> <city>淮南</city> <city>马鞍山</city> <city>淮北</city> <city>铜陵</city> <city>安庆</city> <city>黄山</city> <city>滁州</city> <city>阜阳</city> <city>宿州</city> <city>巢湖</city> <city>六安</city> <city>亳州</city> <city>池州</city> <city>宣城</city> </province> <province name="福建"> <city>福州</city> <city>厦门</city> <city>莆田</city> <city>三明</city> <city>泉州</city> <city>漳州</city> <city>南平</city> <city>龙岩</city> <city>宁德</city> </province> <province name="江西"> <city>南昌</city> <city>景德镇</city> <city>萍乡</city> <city>九江</city> <city>新余</city> <city>鹰潭</city> <city>赣州</city> <city>吉安</city> <city>宜春</city> <city>抚州</city> <city>上饶</city> </province> <province name="山东"> <city>济南</city> <city>青岛</city> <city>淄博</city> <city>枣庄</city> <city>东营</city> <city>烟台</city> <city>潍坊</city> <city>济宁</city> <city>泰安</city> <city>威海</city> <city>日照</city> <city>莱芜</city> <city>临沂</city> <city>德州</city> <city>聊城</city> <city>滨州</city> <city>荷泽</city> </province> <province name="河南"> <city>郑州</city> <city>开封</city> <city>洛阳</city> <city>平顶山</city> <city>安阳</city> <city>鹤壁</city> <city>新乡</city> <city>焦作</city> <city>濮阳</city> <city>许昌</city> <city>漯河</city> <city>三门峡</city> <city>南阳</city> <city>商丘</city> <city>信阳</city> <city>周口</city> <city>驻马店</city> </province> <province name="湖北"> <city>武汉</city> <city>黄石</city> <city>十堰</city> <city>宜昌</city> <city>襄樊</city> <city>鄂州</city> <city>荆门</city> <city>孝感</city> <city>荆州</city> <city>黄冈</city> <city>咸宁</city> <city>随州</city> <city>恩施</city> <city>神农架</city> </province> <province name="湖南"> <city>长沙</city> <city>株洲</city> <city>湘潭</city> <city>衡阳</city> <city>邵阳</city> <city>岳阳</city> <city>常德</city> <city>张家界</city> <city>益阳</city> <city>郴州</city> <city>永州</city> <city>怀化</city> <city>娄底</city> <city>湘西</city> </province> <province name="广东"> <city>广州</city> <city>韶关</city> <city>深圳</city> <city>珠海</city> <city>汕头</city> <city>佛山</city> <city>江门</city> <city>湛江</city> <city>茂名</city> <city>肇庆</city> <city>惠州</city> <city>梅州</city> <city>汕尾</city> <city>河源</city> <city>阳江</city> <city>清远</city> <city>东莞</city> <city>中山</city> <city>潮州</city> <city>揭阳</city> <city>云浮</city> </province> <province name="广西"> <city>南宁</city> <city>柳州</city> <city>桂林</city> <city>梧州</city> <city>北海</city> <city>防城港</city> <city>钦州</city> <city>贵港</city> <city>玉林</city> <city>百色</city> <city>贺州</city> <city>河池</city> <city>来宾</city> <city>崇左</city> </province> <province name="海南"> <city>海口</city> <city>三亚</city> </province> <province name="重庆"> <city>重庆</city> <city>万州区</city> <city>涪陵区</city> <city>渝中区</city> <city>大渡口区</city> <city>江北区</city> <city>沙坪坝区</city> <city>九龙坡区</city> <city>南岸区</city> <city>北碚区</city> <city>万盛区</city> <city>双桥区</city> <city>渝北区</city> <city>巴南区</city> <city>黔江区</city> <city>长寿区</city> <city>綦江县</city> <city>潼南县</city> <city>铜梁县</city> <city>大足县</city> <city>荣昌县</city> <city>璧山县</city> <city>梁平县</city> <city>城口县</city> <city>丰都县</city> <city>垫江县</city> <city>武隆县</city> <city>忠县</city> <city>开县</city> <city>云阳县</city> <city>奉节县</city> <city>巫山县</city> <city>巫溪县</city> <city>石柱土家族自治县</city> <city>秀山土家族苗族自治县</city> <city>酉阳土家族苗族自治县</city> <city>彭水苗族土家族自治县</city> <city>江津</city> <city>合川</city> <city>永川</city> <city>南川</city> </province> <province name="四川"> <city>成都</city> <city>自贡</city> <city>攀枝花</city> <city>泸州</city> <city>德阳</city> <city>绵阳</city> <city>广元</city> <city>遂宁</city> <city>内江</city> <city>乐山</city> <city>南充</city> <city>眉山</city> <city>宜宾</city> <city>广安</city> <city>达州</city> <city>雅安</city> <city>巴中</city> <city>资阳</city> <city>阿坝</city> <city>甘孜</city> <city>凉山</city> </province> <province name="贵州"> <city>贵阳</city> <city>六盘水</city> <city>遵义</city> <city>安顺</city> <city>铜仁</city> <city>黔西南</city> <city>毕节</city> <city>黔东南</city> <city>黔南</city> </province> <province name="云南"> <city>昆明</city> <city>曲靖</city> <city>玉溪</city> <city>保山</city> <city>昭通</city> <city>丽江</city> <city>思茅</city> <city>临沧</city> <city>楚雄</city> <city>红河</city> <city>文山</city> <city>西双版纳</city> <city>大理</city> <city>德宏</city> <city>怒江</city> <city>迪庆</city> </province> <province name="西藏"> <city>拉萨</city> <city>昌都</city> <city>山南</city> <city>日喀则</city> <city>那曲</city> <city>阿里</city> <city>林芝</city> </province> <province name="陕西"> <city>西安</city> <city>铜川</city> <city>宝鸡</city> <city>咸阳</city> <city>渭南</city> <city>延安</city> <city>汉中</city> <city>榆林</city> <city>安康</city> <city>商洛</city> </province> <province name="甘肃"> <city>兰州</city> <city>嘉峪关</city> <city>金昌</city> <city>白银</city> <city>天水</city> <city>武威</city> <city>张掖</city> <city>平凉</city> <city>酒泉</city> <city>庆阳</city> <city>定西</city> <city>陇南</city> <city>临夏</city> <city>甘南</city> </province> <province name="青海"> <city>西宁</city> <city>海东</city> <city>海北</city> <city>黄南</city> <city>海南</city> <city>果洛</city> <city>玉树</city> <city>海西</city> </province> <province name="宁夏"> <city>银川</city> <city>石嘴山</city> <city>吴忠</city> <city>固原</city> <city>中卫</city> </province> <province name="新疆"> <city>乌鲁木齐</city> <city>克拉玛依</city> <city>吐鲁番</city> <city>哈密</city> <city>昌吉</city> <city>博尔塔拉</city> <city>巴音郭楞</city> <city>阿克苏</city> <city>克孜勒苏</city> <city>喀什</city> <city>和田</city> <city>伊犁</city> <city>塔城</city> <city>阿勒泰</city> <city>石河子</city> <city>阿拉尔</city> <city>图木舒克</city> <city>五家渠</city> </province> <province name="香港"> <city>香港</city> </province> <province name="澳门"> <city>澳门</city> </province> <province name="台湾"> <city>台湾</city> </province> </china>
效果：
选择一个省份，弹出市级列表
