集合
集合
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集合实际上就是一个容器,是一个载体,可以用来容纳其他数据
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集合不能存基本数据,存储的都是引用,集合本身就是一个对象
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每一个不同的集合,对应了不同的数据结构,不同的数据结构存储数据的方式不同
数组、链表、二叉树、哈希表....
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都在java.util.*中
继承结构


Collection一些方法源码分析(ArrayList实现为例)
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contains(Object o)
transient Object[] elementData; public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) >= 0; } public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) {//可以有空值 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i]))//会调用equals方法 return i; } return -1; } -
remove(Object o)
public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (elementData[index] == null) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } else { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {//也是调用equals fastRemove(index); return true; } } return false; } private void fastRemove(int index) { modCount++; int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,numMoved);//全部元素向前移动 elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work }
集合List接口特有方法(有序可重复,从0开始)
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public void add(int index, E element)
public void add(int index, E element) { //下标从0开始,效率低,用的不多 rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; } -
public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); return elementData(index); } -
public E set(int index, E element) { rangeCheck(index); E oldValue = elementData(index); elementData[index] = element; return oldValue; } -
public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; } -
public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; } ///也有对应的lastIndexOf(Object o)
ArrayList初始化及扩容(检索效率高,末尾增删高,随机增删效率低,无法存储大数据量,用的最多)
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transient Object[] elementData; private int size; //当前元素的个数 private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;//默认容量是10 public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } } public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } -
扩容,原容量加上原容量右移一位(除以2),相当于1.5倍
private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length; int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; //不一定1.5倍,看minCapcity大小,可能比1.5倍大 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); } // Arrays的copyOf方法 public static <T> T[] copyOf(T[] original, int newLength) { return (T[]) copyOf(original, newLength, original.getClass()); } public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class) ? (T[]) new Object[newLength] : (T[])Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength); System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length, newLength)); return copy; } -
利用集合的构造方法
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return //Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // replace with empty array. this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } }
LinkedList的源码分析
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节点
private static class Node<E> { E item; Node<E> next; Node<E> prev; Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) { this.item = element; this.next = next; this.prev = prev; } } -
属性
transient int size = 0; transient Node<E> first; transient Node<E> last; -
public boolean add(E e) { linkLast(e); return true; } //很多调用的都是linkLast这个方法 void linkLast(E e) { final Node<E> l = last; //是null final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);//l是上一个节点 last = newNode;//再让last指向最后的节点 if (l == null)// 如果是第一个值 first = newNode;// first也指向该节点 else l.next = newNode;// 双向链表还需要把先前最后节点的next指向它 size++; //长度加一 modCount++; //用于遍历时的计数 } -
//删除主要调用的 private E unlinkLast(Node<E> l) { // assert l == last && l != null; final E element = l.item; final Node<E> prev = l.prev; l.item = null; l.prev = null; // help GC last = prev; // last前移 if (prev == null) // 没节点了 first = null; else prev.next = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } -
push、pop底层调用的就是removeFirst()、addFirst()
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常用API
- add(E e): 指定元素追加到列表末尾
- addFirst(E e)
- addLast(E e)
- offer(E e):添加到尾部 调用addsss
- element():返回头但不删除 调用getFirst() 为null则抛异常
- peek():返回头但不删除 为null返回null
- poll():返回并且删除头 为null返回null
- pop():栈中弹出一个元素 调用removeFirst() 为null则抛异常
- push(E e):压栈 调用addFirst()
- removeFirst() 为null则抛异常
- removeLast() 为null则抛异常
- getFirst() 为null则抛异常
- getLast() 为null则抛异常
- size():返回大小
Vector
- 底层数组、初始容量为10、扩容为两倍、加synchronized保证线程安全
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