HTTP方法详解
HTTP – 方法
GET Method
GET 请求通过在请求的 URL 中指定参数来从 Web 服务器检索数据。这是用于文档检索的主要方法。下面的示例利用 GET 方法获取 hello.htm:
GET /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
针对上述 GET 请求的服务器响应如下:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
</body>
</html>
HEAD Method
HEAD 方法在功能上与 GET 相似，不同在于服务器使用响应行和标头进行回复，但没有实体正文。下面的示例利用 HEAD 方法获取有关 hello.htm 的标头信息:
HEAD /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
针对上述 GET 请求的服务器响应如下:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed
您会注意到这里服务器在标头之后不发送任何数据.
POST Method
当您要将一些数据发送到服务器时使用 POST 方法，例如文件更新，表单数据等。下面的示例利用 POST 方法将表单数据发送到服务器，它将由服务器的 process.cgi 处理，最后将返回响应：
POST /cgi-bin/process.cgi HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 88
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://clearforest.com/">string</string>
服务器端脚本 process.cgi 处理传递的数据并发送以下响应:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>Request Processed Successfully</h1>
</body>
</html>
PUT Method
PUT 方法用于向服务器请求在 URL 指定的位置存储包含的实体。以下示例请求服务器将给定的实体正文保存在服务器根目录下的 hello.htm 中:
PUT /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-type: text/html
Content-Length: 182
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
</body>
</html>
服务器将给定的实体正文存储在 hello.htm 文件中，并将以下响应发回客户端:
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 30
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>The file was created.</h1>
</body>
</html>
DELETE Method
DELETE 方法用于请求服务器在 URL 指定的位置删除文件。以下示例请求服务器删除服务器根目录下的给定文件 hello.htm:
DELETE /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: Keep-Alive
服务器将删除提到的文件 hello.htm，并将以下响应发送回客户端:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 30
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>URL deleted.</h1>
</body>
</html>
CONNECT Method
客户端使用 CONNECT 方法通过 HTTP 建立到 Web 服务器的网络连接。以下示例请求与在主机 tutorialspoint.com 上运行的 Web 服务器的连接:
CONNECT www.tutorialspoint.com HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
与服务器建立连接，并将以下响应发送回客户端:
HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
OPTIONS Method
客户端使用 CONNECT 方法通过 HTTP 建立到 Web 服务器的网络连接。以下示例请求与在主机 tutorialspoint.com 上运行的 Web 服务器的连接:
OPTIONS \* HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
服务器将基于服务器的当前配置发送信息，例如：:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Allow: GET,HEAD,POST,OPTIONS,TRACE
Content-Type: httpd/unix-directory
TRACE Method
TRACE 方法用于将 HTTP 请求的内容回传给请求者，该请求可在开发时用于调试目的。下面的示例演示 TRACE 方法的用法：:
TRACE / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
服务器将响应以上请求发送以下消息:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Connection: close
Content-Type: message/http
Content-Length: 39
TRACE / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
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