一、squid简介
Squid 是 Linux 系统中最常用的一款开源代理服务软件,是一个广泛使用的开源代理服务器和Web缓存加速器。它支持多种协议,可以很好地实现 HTTP 和 FTP,以及 DNS 查询、SSL 等应用的缓存代理。常用于提高网络性能、节省带宽、提供访问控制以及实现内容过滤,功能十分强大。
官方网站为: http://www.squid-cache.org

作为应用层的代理服务软件,Squid 主要提供缓存加速、应用层过滤控制的功能。
核心特点
(1)、缓存和加速:Squid可以缓存请求的网页、图片和其他文件,这样当同一个资源再次被请求时,它可以快速从本地缓存提供,而不是每次都从原始服务器下载。
(2)、控制访问:Squid可以用来控制哪些内容可以被用户访问。它支持强大的访问控制列表(ACLs),允许管理员根据源地址、目的地、使用的协议等标准过滤内容。
(3)、提供安全性:Squid可以作为一个透明代理来提高网络安全,可以用来拦截恶意流量和提供 SSL/TLS加密的代理服务。
(4)、减少带宽使用:通过缓存频繁访问的内容,Squid可以显著减少带宽需求,特别是在网络连接有限或昂贵的环境中非常有用。
(5)、提高响应时间:由于从近距离缓存提供内容,Squid能够减少数据的往返时间,从而提高响应速度。
(6)、支持多种协议:Squid支持 HTTP、HTTPS、FTP等多种网络协议。
应用场景
(1)、企业网关:在企业环境中,Squid通常用作网关代理,来管理和监控员工的互联网使用。
(2)、ISP缓存解决方案:互联网服务提供商(ISP)使用 Squid来减少带宽使用,加快用户访问互联网资源的速度。
(3)、内容分发网络:Squid可以用作内容分发网络(CDN)的一部分,来提供地理分布式的缓存服务。
(4)、反向代理和负载均衡:Squid还可以配置为反向代理,用于负载均衡和为后端服务器提供缓存服务。
(5)、安全和匿名浏览:Squid还可用于提高浏览的安全性和匿名性,尤其是当结合 VPN或 Tor使用时。
Squid但是和VPN还是有区别的:
(1)、Squid主要用于缓存和控制 HTTP/HTTPS流量,而 VPN用于保护整个网络连接的安全和隐私。
(2)、Squid在隐私保护方面不如 VPN,因为它不会对所有流量进行加密,也不会隐藏用户的真实 IP地址。
(3)、Squid的配置可能比 VPN复杂,尤其是在进行高级过滤和控制时。
二、CENTOS安装squid 代理服务器
1、服务端
(1)、安装squid
yum -y install squid
(2)、设置开机自启动
systemctl enable squid.service
(3)、配置squid
vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
配置如下:
# # Recommended minimum configuration: # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt to list your (internal) IP networks from where browsing # should be allowed acl localnet src 0.0.0.1-0.255.255.255 # RFC 1122 "this" network (LAN) acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC 1918 local private network (LAN) acl localnet src 100.64.0.0/10 # RFC 6598 shared address space (CGN) acl localnet src 169.254.0.0/16 # RFC 3927 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC 1918 local private network (LAN) acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC 1918 local private network (LAN) acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Recommended minimum Access Permission configuration: # # Deny requests to certain unsafe ports http_access deny !Safe_ports # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports # Only allow cachemgr access from localhost http_access allow localhost manager http_access deny manager # We strongly recommend the following be uncommented to protect innocent # web applications running on the proxy server who think the only # one who can access services on "localhost" is a local user #http_access deny to_localhost # # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt localnet in the ACL section to list your (internal) IP networks # from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost # And finally deny all other access to this proxy http_access deny all # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 3128 # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. #cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256 # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /var/spool/squid # # Add any of your own refresh_pattern entries above these. # refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320
修改如下:
# # Recommended minimum configuration: # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt to list your (internal) IP networks from where browsing # should be allowed acl client_61 src IP(保密) # RFC 1122 "this" network (LAN) acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Recommended minimum Access Permission configuration: # # Deny requests to certain unsafe ports http_access deny !Safe_ports # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports # Only allow cachemgr access from localhost http_access allow localhost manager http_access deny manager # We strongly recommend the following be uncommented to protect innocent # web applications running on the proxy server who think the only # one who can access services on "localhost" is a local user #http_access deny to_localhost # # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt localnet in the ACL section to list your (internal) IP networks # from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow client_61 # And finally deny all other access to this proxy http_access deny all # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 3128 # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. #cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256 # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /var/spool/squid # # Add any of your own refresh_pattern entries above these. # refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320
(4)、启动服务
# 启动服务
systemctl start squid
# 查看服务状态
systemctl status squid
# 结束服务
systemctl stop squid
(5)、查看日志
cat /var/log/squid/access.log #或 tail -f /var/log/squid/access.log
(6)、开放防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3128/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
(7)、想要测试代理是否设置成功,可以在服务器本地测试
在云服务器上,使用curl命令通过代理访问一个网站。假设代理监听在3128端口,且允许本地访问:
curl -x http://localhost:3128 https://www.baidu.com/
如果返回了网页内容,则说明代理在本地工作正常。
三、项目使用
使用代理前代码:
String result = HttpTool.doPost(url, data);
使用代理后代码:
String result = HttpTool.doPost(url, data, useProxyFlag, proxyIp, proxyPort);
参数配置
@Value("${proxy_port}") private int proxyPort; @Value("${proxy_ip}") private String proxyIp; @Value("${use_proxy_flag}") private boolean useProxyFlag;
工具类:
public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String data, boolean proxyFlag, String proxyIp, int proxyPort) { HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream inputStream = null; OutputStream outputStream = null; BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; String result = null; try { URL url = new URL(httpUrl); if(proxyFlag){ // 关键:创建代理对象 Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyIp, proxyPort)); // 使用带代理的 openConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy); }else { // 通过远程url连接对象打开连接 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); } // 设置连接请求方式 connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置连接主机服务器超时时间:15000毫秒 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间:60000毫秒 connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 默认值为:false,当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时,需要设置为true connection.setDoOutput(true); // 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。 connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 通过连接对象获取一个输出流 outputStream = connection.getOutputStream(); // 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的 outputStream.write(data.getBytes()); // 通过连接对象获取一个输入流,向远程读取 if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { inputStream = connection.getInputStream(); // 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置 bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; // 循环遍历一行一行读取数据 while ((temp = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { stringBuffer.append(temp); stringBuffer.append("\r\n"); } result = stringBuffer.toString(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭资源 if (null != bufferedReader) { try { bufferedReader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != outputStream) { try { outputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != inputStream) { try { inputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 断开与远程地址url的连接 connection.disconnect(); } return result; }
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