Django的Models（三）

models类的元信息及拓展知识

  class UserInfo(models.Model):
        nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
        username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        class Meta:
            # 数据库中生成的表名称 默认 app名称 + 下划线 + 类名
            db_table = "table_name"

            # 联合索引
            index_together = [
                ("pub_date", "deadline"),
            ]

            # 联合唯一索引
            unique_together = (("driver", "restaurant"),)

            # admin中显示的表名称
            verbose_name

            # verbose_name加s
            verbose_name_plural

   1.触发Model中的验证和错误提示有两种方式：
        a. Django Admin中的错误信息会优先根据Admiin内部的ModelForm错误信息提示，如果都成功，才来检查Model的字段并显示指定错误信息
        b. 调用Model对象的 clean_fields 方法，如：
            # models.py
            class UserInfo(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

                email = models.EmailField(error_messages={'invalid': '格式错了.'})

            # views.py
            def index(request):
                obj = models.UserInfo(username='11234', email='uu')
                try:
                    print(obj.clean_fields())
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
                return HttpResponse('ok')

           # Model的clean方法是一个钩子，可用于定制操作，如：上述的异常处理。

    2.Admin中修改错误提示
        # admin.py
        from django.contrib import admin
        from model_club import models
        from django import forms


        class UserInfoForm(forms.ModelForm):
            username = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空.'})
            email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'invalid': '邮箱格式错误.'})
            age = forms.IntegerField(initial=1, error_messages={'required': '请输入数值.', 'invalid': '年龄必须为数值.'})

            class Meta:
                model = models.UserInfo
                # fields = ('username',)
                fields = "__all__"


        class UserInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
            form = UserInfoForm


        admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserInfoAdmin)