实验6
TASK1
contestant.hpp
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#pragma once
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct Contestant {
long id; // 学号
std::string name; // 姓名
std::string major; // 专业
int solved; // 解题数
int penalty; // 总罚时
};
// 重载<<
// 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) {
out << std::left;
out << std::setw(15) << c.id
<< std::setw(15) << c.name
<< std::setw(15) << c.major
<< std::setw(10) << c.solved
<< std::setw(10) << c.penalty;
return out;
}
// 重载>>
inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) {
in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty;
return in;
}
utils.hpp
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#pragma once
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "contestant.hpp"
// ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序
inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) {
if(a.solved != b.solved)
return a.solved > b.solved;
return a.penalty < b.penalty;
}
// 将结果写至任意输出流
inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
for (const auto& x : v)
os << x << '\n';
}
// 将结果打印到屏幕
inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
write(std::cout, v);
}
// 将结果保存到文件
inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
std::ofstream os(filename);
if (!os)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
write(os, v);
}
// 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行)
inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
std::ifstream is(filename);
if (!is)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
std::string line;
std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题
std::vector<Contestant> v;
Contestant t;
int seq;
while (is >> seq >> t)
v.push_back(t);
return v;
}
task1.cpp
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#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
#include "contestant.hpp"
#include "utils.hpp"
const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
void app() {
std::vector<Contestant> contestants;
try {
contestants = load(in_file);
std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve);
print(contestants);
save(out_file, contestants);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
return;
}
}
int main() {
app();
}

ans.txt

问题1
(1)std::ostream 是所有输出流类的基类(包括 std::cout 和 std::ofstream),因此多态允许 write() 接受它们的引用。
(2)不需要改动 write(),因为它接受通用 std::ostream&,任何支持该接口的设备都可直接使用。
问题2
(1)第一处当输出文件无法成功打开;第二处是输入文件无法打开
(2)在task1.cpp的app()中被捕获,处理方式是打印错误信息后返回,程序安全退出。
问题3
可以,使用结果一致
问题4
(1)

缺失值哪一行出现数据读入有误,当 data_bad.txt 中有空白行或字段缺失时,程序会因 operator>> 提取失败而停止加载,导致结果不完整。原因是流提取遇到格式错误时会进入失败状态。
TASK2
student.hpp
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#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Student {
public:
Student() = default;
~Student() = default;
const std::string get_major() const;
int get_grade() const;
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s);
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s);
private:
int id;
std::string name;
std::string major;
int grade; // 0-100
};
student.cpp
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#include "student.hpp"
using namespace std;
const string Student::get_major() const {
return major;
}
int Student::get_grade() const {
return grade;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Student& s) {
os << s.id << "\t" << s.name << "\t" << s.major << "\t" << s.grade;
return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Student& s) {
is >> s.id >> s.name >> s.major >> s.grade;
return is;
}
stumgr.hpp
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#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "student.hpp"
class StuMgr {
public:
void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔)
void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序
void print() const; // 打印到屏幕
void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件
private:
void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流
private:
std::vector<Student> students;
};
stumgr.cpp
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#include "stumgr.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
void StuMgr::load(const string& file) {
ifstream ifs(file);
if (!ifs)
throw runtime_error("cannot open file: " + file);
string header;
getline(ifs, header);
students.clear();
Student s;
while (ifs >> s)
students.push_back(s);
}
void StuMgr::sort() {
::sort(students.begin(), students.end(),
[](const Student& a, const Student& b) {
if (a.get_major() != b.get_major())
return a.get_major() < b.get_major();
return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade();
});
}
void StuMgr::write(ostream& os) const {
for (const auto& s : students)
os << s << "\n";
}
void StuMgr::print() const {
write(cout);
}
void StuMgr::save(const string& file) const {
ofstream ofs(file);
if (!ofs)
throw runtime_error("cannot save to file: " + file);
write(ofs);
}
task2.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
#include "stumgr.hpp"
const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
void menu() {
std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n"
"1. 加载文件\n"
"2. 排序\n"
"3. 打印到屏幕\n"
"4. 保存到文件\n"
"5. 退出\n"
"请选择:";
}
void app() {
StuMgr mgr;
while(true) {
menu();
int choice;
std::cin >> choice;
try {
switch (choice) {
case 1: mgr.load(in_file);
std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break;
case 2: mgr.sort();
std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break;
case 3: mgr.print();
std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break;
case 4: mgr.save(out_file);
std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break;
case 5: return;
default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n";
}
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
}
}
}
int main() {
app();
}

ans.txt

改动
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void StuMgr::load(const string& file) {
ifstream ifs(file);
if (!ifs)
throw runtime_error("cannot open file: " + file);
string header;
getline(ifs, header);
students.clear();
string line;
int lineNo = 2;
while (getline(ifs, line)) {
istringstream iss(line);
Student s;
if (iss >> s) {
if (s.get_grade() < 0 || s.get_grade() > 100) {
cerr << "警告:第" << lineNo << "行成绩值不合法,跳过\n";
} else {
students.push_back(s);
}
} else {
cerr << "警告:第" << lineNo << "行字段缺失或格式错误,跳过\n";
}
lineNo++;
}
}

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