实验四
任务一
task1_1
#include <stdio.h> #define N 4 int main(){ int a[N]={2,0,2,3}; char b[N]={'2','0','2','3'}; int i; printf("sizeof(int)=%d\n",sizeof(int)); printf("sizeof(char)=%d\n",sizeof(char)); printf("\n"); for(i=1;i=0;++i) printf("%p:%d\n",&a[i],a[i]); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<N;++i) printf("%p:%c\n",&b[i],b[i]); printf("\n"); printf("a=%p\n",a); printf("b=%p\n",b); return 0; }
1.是连续存放的，每个元素占四个字节
2.是连续存放的，每个元素占一个字节
3.一样
task1_2
#include <stdio.h> #define N 2 #define M 3 int main() { int a[N][M] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}; char b[N][M] = {{'1','2','3'},{'4','5','6'}}; int i,j; for (i=0;i<N;++i) for(j=0;j<M;++j) printf("%p: %d\n",&a[i][j],a[i][j]); printf("\n"); printf("a=%p\n",a); printf("a[0]=%p\n",a[0]); printf("a[1]=%p\n",a[1]); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<N;++i) for(j=0;j<M;++j) printf("%p:%c\n",&b[i][j],b[i][j]); printf("\n"); printf("b=%p\n",b); printf("b[0]=%p\n",b[0]); printf("b[1]=%p\n",b[1]); printf("\n"); return 0;
1.是连续存放的，每一个元素占4个字节
2.一样
3.连续存在的，每一个元素占一个字节
4.一样
5.a[0]和a[1]差12个字节，每行有三个元素，是3*sizeof(int),b[0]和b[1]差3个字节，对应3*size*of(char)
任务二
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 80 void swap_str(char s1[N],char s2[N]); void test1(); void test2(); int main(){ printf("测试一：用两个一维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n"); test1(); printf("\n测试：用二维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n"); test2(); return 0; } void test1(){ char views1[N]="hey,C,I hate u."; char views2[N]="hey,C,I love u."; printf("交换前：\n"); puts(views1); puts(views2); swap_str(views1,views2); printf("交换后： \n"); puts(views1); puts(views2); } void test2(){ char views[2][N]={"hey, C,I hate u.","hey, C, I love u."}; printf("交换前：\n"); puts(views[0]); puts(views[1]); swap_str(views[0],views[1]); printf("交换后：\n"); puts(views[0]); puts(views[1]); } void swap_str(char s1[N],char s2[N]){ char tmp[N]; strcpy(tmp,s1); strcpy(s1,s2); strcpy(s2,tmp); }
1.是连续存放的，每一个元素占4个字节
2.一样
3.连续存在的，每一个元素占一个字节
4.一样
5.a[0]和a[1]差12个字节，每行有三个元素，是3*sizeof(int),
任务三
task3_1
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 int count(char x[]); int main(){ char words[N+1]; int n; while(gets(words) != NULL){ n = count(words); printf("单词数：%d\n\n",n); } return 0; } int count(char x[]){ int i; int word_flag = 0; int number = 0; for(i=0;x[i] !='\0';i++){ if(x[i] == ' ') word_flag = 0; else if(word_flag == 0){ word_flag = 1; number++; } } return number; }
task3_2
#include <stdio.h> #define N 1000 int main(){ char line[N]; int word_len; int max_len; int end; int i; while(gets(line) !=NULL){ word_len = 0;'' max_len = 0; end = 0; i=0; while(1) { while(line[i] == ' '){ word_len = 0; i++; } while(line[i] != '\0' && line[i] != ' '){ word_len++; i++; } if(max_len < word_len){ max_len = word_len; end = i; } if(line[i] == '\0') break; } printf("最长单词： "); for(i = end - max_len; i < end; ++i) printf("%c",line[i]); printf("\n\n"); } return 0; }
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任务四
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 void input(int x[], int n); void output(int x[], int n); double average(int x[], int n); void bubble_sort(int x[], int n); int main() { int scores[N]; double ave; printf("录入%d个分数:\n", N); input(scores, N); printf("\n输出课程分数：\n"); output(scores, N); printf("\n课程分数处理：计算均分、排序...\n"); ave = average(scores, N); bubble_sort(scores, N); printf("\n输出课程均分：%.2f\n", ave); printf("\n输出课程分数(高 -> 低):\n"); output(scores, N); return 0; } void input(int x[], int n) { int i; for(i = 0;i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &x[i]); } void output(int x[], int n) { int i; for(i = 0;i < n; i++) printf("%d ", x[i]); printf("\n"); } double average(int x[], int n){ double s = 0; int i; for(i=0;i<n;++i) s+=x[i]; return s/n; } void bubble_sort(int x[], int n){ int i,j,t; for(i=0;i<n;++i){ for(j=0;j<n;++j){ if(x[j]<x[j+1]) { t=x[j]; x[j]=x[j+1]; x[j+1]=t;} }} }
任务五
#include <stdio.h> #define N 100 void dec2n(int x, int n); int main(){ int x; printf("输入一个十进制整数："); while(scanf("%d",&x) !=EOF){ dec2n(x, 2); dec2n(x, 8); dec2n(x, 16); printf("\n输入一个十进制整数："); } return 0; } void dec2n(int x, int n){ char num1[N]; char str[N]="0123456789ABCDEF"; int i=0,j,t; while(x!=0) { t=x%n; x=x/n; num1[i]=str[t]; i++; } j=i; for(i=j-1;i>=0;i--) printf("%c",num1[i]); printf("\n"); }
任务六
#include <stdio.h> #define N 100 #define M 4 void output(int x[][N],int n); void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n); int main(){ int t[][N]={{21, 12, 13, 24}, {25, 16, 47, 38}, {29, 11, 32, 54}, {42, 21, 33, 10}}; printf("原始矩阵:\n"); output(t, M); rotate_to_right(t, M); printf("变换后矩阵:\n"); output(t, M); return 0; } void output(int x[][N], int n){ int i, j; for(i=0;i<n;++i){ for(j=0;j<n;++j) printf("%4d",x[i][j]); printf("\n"); } } void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n){ int i,j,t; for(i=0;i<n;i++){ int t=x[i][n-1]; for(j=n-1;j>0;j--){ x[i][j]=x[i][j-1]; } x[i][0]=t; } }
任务七、
task7_1
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char); int main(){ char text[N] = "c programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; printf("原始文本: \n"); printf("%s\n", text); replace(text, 'i', '*'); printf("处理后文本: \n"); printf("%s\n", text); return 0; } void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char){ int i; for (i=0; x[i] != '0'; ++i) if (x[i] == old_char) x[i] = new_char; }
task7_2
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 int main(){ char str[N], ch; int i; printf("输入字符串: "); gets(str); printf("输入一个字符: "); ch = getchar(); printf("截断处理......"); i=0; while (str[i] != '0'){ if (str[i] == ch) break; i++; } str[i]= '\0'; printf("\n截断处理后字符串: %s\n", str); return 0; }
replace()执行替换操作
'\0'代表字符结束串
任务八
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 5 #define M 20 void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n); int main(){ char name[][M] = {"Bob", "Bill" ,"Joseph", "Taylor", "George"}; int i; printf("输出初始名单: \n"); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) printf("%s\n", name[i]); printf("\n排序中...\n"); bubble_sort(name, N); printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n"); for (i=0;i<N;i++) printf("%s\n",name[i]); return 0; } void bubble_sort(char str[][M],int n){ int j,i; char t[M]; for (i=0; i<n; i++) for (j=0; j<n-1; j++){ if( strcmp(str[j],str[j+1])>0) { strcpy(t, str[j]); strcpy(str[j],str[j+1]); strcpy(str[j+1], t); }} }
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