windows下用纯C实现一个简陋的imshow：基于GDI

intro

先前实现了GDI显示图像时设定窗口大小为图像大小，不过并没有刻意封装函数调用接口，并不适合给其他函数调用。现在简单封装一下，特点：

• 纯C

• 基于GDI，因此只支持windows平台

• 类似于opencv早期的接口：fc_load_image()读取图像，fc_show_image()显示图像，fc_free_image()释放图像，fc_destroy_window()释放窗口资源

• 样例代码经过检查，没有内存泄露

• 有很多没有实现的：例如waitKey, keyPress的处理

代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "png.h"

#pragma comment(lib, "D:/work/libfc/lib/libpng.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D:/work/libfc/lib/zlib.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "msimg32.lib") // for png's alpha channel

static const char* fc_window_class_name = "fc GUI class";

typedef enum FcImageType { FC_IMAGE_BMP, FC_IMAGE_PNG } FcImageType;

typedef struct FcWindow {
	HDC dc;
	//HGDIOBJ image;
	HBITMAP hBmp;
	unsigned char* im_data;
	FcImageType im_type;
	int width;
	int height;
	int top_left_x; // window position, top left point's x coordinate
	int top_left_y; // window posttion, top left point's y coordinate
	bool adjusted;
	const char* title;
} FcWindow;

FcWindow* fc_window;


long ReadPngData(const char *szPath, int *pnWidth, int *pnHeight, unsigned char **cbData)
{
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	long file_size = 0, pos = 0, mPos = 0;
	int color_type = 0, x = 0, y = 0, block_size = 0;

	png_infop info_ptr;
	png_structp png_ptr;
	png_bytep *row_point = NULL;

	fp = fopen(szPath, "rb");
	if (!fp)    return -1;            //文件打开错误则返回 FILE_ERROR

	png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0);        //创建png读取结构
	info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);        //png 文件信息结构
	png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);                //初始化文件 I\O
	png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND, 0);                //读取png文件

	*pnWidth = png_get_image_width(png_ptr, info_ptr);        //获得图片宽度
	*pnHeight = png_get_image_height(png_ptr, info_ptr);        //获得图片高度
	color_type = png_get_color_type(png_ptr, info_ptr);        //获得图片色彩深度
	file_size = (*pnWidth) * (*pnHeight) * 4;                    //计算需要存储RGB(A)数据所需的内存大小
	*cbData = (unsigned char *)malloc(file_size);            //申请所需的内容, 并将 *cbData 指向申请的这块内容

	row_point = png_get_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr);            //读取RGB(A)数据

	block_size = color_type == 6 ? 4 : 3;                    //根据是否具有a通道判断每次所要读取的数据大小, 具有Alpha通道的每次读4位, 否则读3位

	//将读取到的RGB(A)数据按规定格式读到申请的内存中
	for (x = 0; x < *pnHeight; x++)
		for (y = 0; y < *pnWidth*block_size; y += block_size)
		{
			(*cbData)[pos++] = row_point[x][y + 2];        //B
			(*cbData)[pos++] = row_point[x][y + 1];        //G
			(*cbData)[pos++] = row_point[x][y + 0];        //R
			(*cbData)[pos++] = row_point[x][y + 3];        //alpha
		}

	png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, 0);
	fclose(fp);

	return file_size;
}


//int DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HIGHT;
void SetWindowSize(HWND hWnd)
{
	if (fc_window->adjusted == false) {
		RECT WindowRect;
		RECT ClientRect;
		GetWindowRect(hWnd, &WindowRect);
		GetClientRect(hWnd, &ClientRect);
		WindowRect.right += (fc_window->width - ClientRect.right);
		WindowRect.bottom += (fc_window->height - ClientRect.bottom);
		MoveWindow(hWnd, WindowRect.left, WindowRect.top, WindowRect.right - WindowRect.left, WindowRect.bottom - WindowRect.top, true);
	}

	fc_window->adjusted = true;
}


LRESULT __stdcall WindowProcedure(HWND window, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
	switch (msg)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		if (fc_window->im_type == FC_IMAGE_BMP) {
			fc_window->hBmp = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL, "D:/work/libfc/imgs/lena512.bmp", IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_LOADFROMFILE);
		}
		else if (fc_window->im_type == FC_IMAGE_PNG) {
			fc_window->hBmp = CreateBitmap(fc_window->width, fc_window->height, 32, 1, fc_window->im_data);
		}
		if (fc_window->hBmp == NULL)
			MessageBox(window, "Could not load image!", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
		break;

	case WM_PAINT:
	{
		SetWindowSize(window);
		BITMAP bm;
		PAINTSTRUCT ps;

		HDC hdc = BeginPaint(window, &ps);
		SetStretchBltMode(hdc, COLORONCOLOR);

		fc_window->dc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
		HBITMAP hbmOld = SelectObject(fc_window->dc, fc_window->hBmp);

		GetObject(fc_window->hBmp, sizeof(bm), &bm);

#if 1
		//原样拷贝，不支持拉伸
		BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight, fc_window->dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
		//AlphaBlend(hdc, 100, 0, bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight, my_window->dc, 0, 0, bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight, bf);
#else
		RECT rcClient;
		GetClientRect(window, &rcClient);//获得客户区的大小
		int nWidth = rcClient.right - rcClient.left;//客户区的宽度
		int nHeight = rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top;//客户区的高度
		StretchBlt(hdc, 0, 0, nWidth, nHeight, hdcMem, 0, 0, bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight, SRCCOPY);//拉伸拷贝
#endif

		SelectObject(fc_window->dc, hbmOld);
		DeleteDC(fc_window->dc);

		EndPaint(window, &ps);
	}
	break;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		printf("\ndestroying window\n");
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0L;

	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		printf("\nmouse left button down at (%d, %d)\n", LOWORD(lp), HIWORD(lp));

		// fall thru
	default:
		//printf(".");
		return DefWindowProc(window, msg, wp, lp);
	}
}

void fc_destroy_window() {
	if (fc_window) {
		free(fc_window);
	}
}

void MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
	WNDCLASSEX wc;
	wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	/* Win 3.x */
	wc.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(0);
	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.lpszMenuName = 0;
	wc.lpszClassName = fc_window_class_name;
	/* Win 4.0 */
	wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);

	RegisterClassEx(&wc);
}

BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
	// hard code here. since x=600 and y=300 is good for most cases
	fc_window->top_left_x = 600;
	fc_window->top_left_y = 300;

	DWORD defStyle = WS_VISIBLE | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU;

	HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, fc_window_class_name, fc_window->title,
		defStyle, fc_window->top_left_x, fc_window->top_left_y,
		fc_window->width, fc_window->height, 0, 0, hInstance, 0);

	if (!hwnd)
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	return TRUE;
}

void fc_create_window(FcWindow** _my_window) {
	FcWindow* fc_window = (FcWindow*)malloc(sizeof(FcWindow));
	fc_window->dc = NULL;
	fc_window->im_data = NULL;
	fc_window->hBmp = NULL;

	fc_window->adjusted = false;

	*_my_window = fc_window; // write back
}

typedef struct FcImage {
	int width;
	int height;
	unsigned char* data;
	size_t elem_size;
} FcImage;

FcImage* fc_load_image(const char* im_pth, size_t elem_size, FcImageType im_type) {
	FcImage* im = (FcImage*)malloc(sizeof(FcImage));
	im->height = -233;
	im->width = -233;
	im->data = NULL;
	im->elem_size = elem_size;
	//TODO: check if im_pth exist and priviledge OK
	//TODO: guess image's file type, then load it via corresponding codec lib
	if (im_type == FC_IMAGE_PNG) {
		ReadPngData(im_pth, &im->width, &im->height, &im->data);
	}
	return im;
}

void fc_show_image(const char* title, FcImage* im) {
	fc_create_window(&fc_window);
	fc_window->width = im->width;
	fc_window->height = im->height;
	fc_window->im_data = im->data;
	fc_window->im_type = FC_IMAGE_PNG;
	fc_window->title = title;

	HINSTANCE hInstance = GetModuleHandle(0);
	int nCmdShow = SW_SHOWDEFAULT;

	MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

	if (!InitInstance(hInstance, nCmdShow))
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Error! failed to init window\n");
	}

	MSG msg;
	while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0)) {
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
}

void fc_free_image(FcImage* im) {
	if (im) {
		if (im->data) {
			free(im->data);
			im->data = NULL;
		}
		free(im);
		im = NULL;
	}
}

int main()
{
	printf("hello libfc!\n");
	const char* im_pth = "D:/work/libfc/imgs/Lena.png";
	FcImage* im = fc_load_image(im_pth, sizeof(unsigned char), FC_IMAGE_PNG);
	if (im->data == NULL) {
		printf("Error! failed to load image\n");
		return 1;
	}

	const char* im_pth2 = "D:/work/libfc/imgs/op.png";
	FcImage* im2 = fc_load_image(im_pth2, sizeof(unsigned char), FC_IMAGE_PNG);
	if (im2->data == NULL) {
		printf("Error! failed to load image\n");
		return 1;
	}

	const char* title = "Lena png";
	fc_show_image(title, im);

	const char* title2 = "op png";
	fc_show_image(title2, im2);

	fc_free_image(im);
	fc_free_image(im2);

	fc_destroy_window();

	return 0;
}

参考

D:\lib\opencv_345\sources\modules\highgui\src/window_w32.cpp