在 DogWatcher 和 HeartbeatService 中，CancellationToken 的核心作用是响应外部取消信号（如服务停止、客户端断开连接等），避免资源泄漏并确保程序优雅退出。以下是具体的使用分析和优化建议：

一、`CancellationToken` 的当前使用逻辑

1. `HeartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync`（服务器流）

作用：检测客户端是否断开连接（或服务终止），及时终止服务器流，释放资源。
当前逻辑：
- 循环条件 !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested 检查是否需要取消。
- 显式调用 cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested() 抛出取消异常。
- Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken) 传递令牌，确保延迟过程中能响应取消。

2. `DogWatcher.ExecuteAsync`（客户端流消费）

作用：响应宿主服务停止信号（stoppingToken），终止客户端对流的消费。
当前逻辑：
- 循环条件 !stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested 检查服务是否需要停止。
- 调用服务器流 ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync 时传递 stoppingToken，确保服务停止时能取消流。
- 捕获 OperationCanceledException 处理取消场景，捕获其他异常处理流异常。

二、可优化的点及建议

1. 简化 `HeartbeatService` 中的取消检查逻辑

当前代码中，while 循环条件和 ThrowIfCancellationRequested 存在冗余（两者都是检查取消信号）。ThrowIfCancellationRequested 会在取消时直接抛出异常，可简化循环条件：

public async IAsyncEnumerable<HeartbeatResponse> ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync(
    [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    while (true) // 取消由异常触发，无需循环条件检查
    {
        cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested(); // 关键：取消时立即抛出异常
        yield return new HeartbeatResponse 
        { 
            Message = "服务器流心跳正常", 
            Timestamp = DateTime.Now 
        };
        // 延迟期间也能响应取消（若取消，Delay会抛出异常）
        await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken); 
    }
}

优化理由：ThrowIfCancellationRequested 已涵盖取消检查，且能主动抛出异常让客户端感知取消，比单纯循环条件更直接。

2. 移除 `DogWatcher` 中不必要的延迟

当前代码在循环内先执行 Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken)，再消费流，这会导致首次连接延迟1秒，而服务器流本身已每秒发送一次数据，客户端无需额外延迟：

protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
{
    while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        try
        {
            // 移除多余的Task.Delay，直接消费流
            await foreach (var response in _heartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync(stoppingToken))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"流数据：{response.Message}，时间：{response.Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}");
            }
            // 若流正常结束（服务器主动关闭），延迟后重试连接
            Console.WriteLine("服务器流已结束，准备重试...");
            await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken);
        }
        catch (OperationCanceledException) when (stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            // 仅处理宿主停止的取消信号
            Console.WriteLine("服务停止，流已取消");
            break;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            // 异常时延迟重试，避免频繁失败（如网络波动）
            Console.WriteLine($"流异常：{ex.Message}，3秒后重试...");
            await Task.Delay(3000, stoppingToken); // 关键：添加重试延迟
        }
    }
}

优化理由：

去掉首次连接的延迟，让客户端尽快开始消费流。
异常时添加延迟（如3秒），避免短时间内频繁重试导致资源浪费。
使用 when (stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested) 过滤取消源，仅处理宿主停止的场景。

3. 明确取消信号的传递范围

服务器端：[EnumeratorCancellation] 特性确保 cancellationToken 能正确关联到异步枚举器，客户端断开时会自动触发取消，无需额外处理。
客户端：stoppingToken 是 BackgroundService 的宿主停止信号，必须传递给所有阻塞操作（如 Task.Delay、流消费），确保服务停止时能快速终止所有任务。

4. 补充资源释放逻辑（若有）

如果流操作涉及非托管资源（如文件、网络连接），需在 finally 块中释放：

// 示例：若有资源需要释放
public async IAsyncEnumerable<HeartbeatResponse> ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync(
    [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    var resource = new SomeResource(); // 假设需要释放的资源
    try
    {
        while (true)
        {
            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            yield return new HeartbeatResponse { ... };
            await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken);
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        resource.Dispose(); // 确保资源释放
    }
}

三、总结

CancellationToken 的核心原则：在所有阻塞操作（Task.Delay、IO操作等）中传递令牌，确保能及时响应外部取消信号。
优化核心：简化冗余检查、移除不必要延迟、添加合理重试策略，确保程序在取消或异常时优雅退出，减少资源浪费。

通过以上调整，代码会更简洁、高效，且对取消信号的响应更及时。

实例代码

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\appsettings.json`


{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "Kestrel": {
    "Endpoints": {
      "gRPC": {
        "Url": "http://*:9091",
        "Protocols": "Http2"
      }
    }
  }
}

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\HeartbeatService.cs`


using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using RpcDemo.RpcShared;

public class HeartbeatService : IHeartbeatService
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 普通 RPC 实现（略）
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public async Task<bool> HeartbeatAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"普通心跳：{DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}");
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 服务器流实现：持续返回数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public async IAsyncEnumerable<HeartbeatResponse> ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync([EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        while (true) // 取消由异常触发，无需循环条件检查
        {
            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested(); // 关键：取消时立即抛出异常
            yield return new HeartbeatResponse { Message = "服务器流心跳正常", Timestamp = DateTime.Now };
            // 延迟期间也能响应取消（若取消，Delay会抛出异常）
            await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationToken);
        }
    }
}

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\RpcDemo.Edge.csproj`


<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="ServiceModel.Grpc.DesignTime" Version="1.14.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="ServiceModel.Grpc.AspNetCore" Version="1.14.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.AspNetCore.Server" Version="2.71.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.AspNetCore.Web" Version="2.71.0" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
     <None Update="appsettings.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="Always" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\Program.cs`


using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

WebApplicationBuilder builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder();

builder.Configuration.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);

builder.Services.AddServiceModelGrpc();
WebApplication webApplication = builder.Build();

// webApplication.UseGrpcWeb();

webApplication.MapGrpcService<HeartbeatService>();

// webApplication.MapGrpcService<HeartbeatService>().EnableGrpcWeb();

_ = Task.Run(() => webApplication.RunAsync());
System.Console.ReadLine();

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\DogWatcher.cs`


using RpcDemo.RpcShared;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

public class DogWatcher : BackgroundService
{
    private readonly IHeartbeatService _heartbeatService;

    public DogWatcher(IHeartbeatService heartbeatService)
    {
        _heartbeatService = heartbeatService;
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            try
            {
                // 移除多余的Task.Delay，直接消费流
                await foreach (var response in _heartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync(stoppingToken))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"流数据：{response.Message}，时间：{response.Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}");
                }
                // 若流正常结束（服务器主动关闭），延迟后重试连接
                Console.WriteLine("服务器流已结束，准备重试...");

                await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken);
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException) when (stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                // 仅处理宿主停止的取消信号
                Console.WriteLine("服务停止，流已取消");
                break;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // 异常时延迟重试，避免频繁失败（如网络波动）
                Console.WriteLine($"流异常：{ex.Message}，3秒后重试...");
                await Task.Delay(3000, stoppingToken); // 关键：添加重试延迟
            }
        }
    }
}

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\GrpcClients.cs`


using RpcDemo.RpcShared;
using ServiceModel.Grpc.DesignTime;

// instruct ServiceModel.Grpc.DesignTime to generate required code during the build process
[ImportGrpcService(typeof(IHeartbeatService), GenerateDependencyInjectionExtensions = true)]
internal static partial class GrpcClients;

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\RpcDemo.Handler.csproj`


<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.Net.Client" Version="2.71.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.Net.Client.Web" Version="2.71.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.AspNetCore.Web" Version="2.71.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="ServiceModel.Grpc.DesignTime" Version="1.14.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="ServiceModel.Grpc.Client.DependencyInjection" Version="1.14.0" />
  </ItemGroup>


  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>


</Project>

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\Program.cs`


using System.Net;
using Grpc.Core;
using Grpc.Net.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using ServiceModel.Grpc.Client.DependencyInjection;

WebApplicationBuilder builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder();

builder.Services.AddSingleton<ChannelBase>(provider =>
{
    return GrpcChannel.ForAddress(new Uri("http://localhost:9091"), new GrpcChannelOptions { DisposeHttpClient = true, HttpVersion = HttpVersion.Version20 });
});

// builder.Services.AddChatHttp20Client(_ => new Uri("http://localhost:9091"));

builder.Services.AddServiceModelGrpcClientFactory().AddHeartbeatServiceClient();

builder.Services.AddHostedService<DogWatcher>();

WebApplication app = builder.Build();

_ = Task.Run(() => app.RunAsync());

Console.ReadLine();

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs`


using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using Grpc.Core;
using Grpc.Net.Client;
using Grpc.Net.Client.Web;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddChatHttp11Client(this IServiceCollection services, Func<IServiceProvider, Uri> serverAddressResolver)
    {
        // register GrpcChannel
        services.AddSingleton(provider =>
        {
            var serverAddress = serverAddressResolver(provider);
            return CreateGrpcChannel(provider, serverAddress, useGrpcWeb: true);
        });
        return services;
    }

    public static IServiceCollection AddChatHttp20Client(this IServiceCollection services, Func<IServiceProvider, Uri> serverAddressResolver)
    {
        // register GrpcChannel
        services.AddSingleton(provider =>
        {
            var serverAddress = serverAddressResolver(provider);
            return CreateGrpcChannel(provider, serverAddress, useGrpcWeb: false);
        });
        return services;
    }

    public static ChannelBase CreateGrpcChannel(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, Uri serverAddress, bool useGrpcWeb)
    {
        if (useGrpcWeb)
        {
            HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();
            GrpcWebHandler grpcWebHandler = new GrpcWebHandler(GrpcWebMode.GrpcWeb, handler);
            var channelOptions = new GrpcChannelOptions
            {
                DisposeHttpClient = true,
                HttpVersion = HttpVersion.Version11,
                HttpClient = new HttpClient(grpcWebHandler) { BaseAddress = serverAddress }
            };
            return GrpcChannel.ForAddress(serverAddress, channelOptions);
        }
        else
        {
            var channelOptions = new GrpcChannelOptions { DisposeHttpClient = true, HttpVersion = HttpVersion.Version20, };
            return GrpcChannel.ForAddress(serverAddress, channelOptions);
        }
    }
}

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj`


<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="ServiceModel.Grpc" Version="1.14.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceModel.Primitives" Version="8.1.2" />
  </ItemGroup>


</Project>

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\.csharpierrc.json`


{
  "printWidth": 200,
  "useTabs": false,
  "tabWidth": 4,
  "endOfLine": "auto"
}

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\build.bat`


dotnet build

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcDemo.sln`



Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "RpcDemo.Handler", "RpcDemo.Handler\RpcDemo.Handler.csproj", "{B8462209-2F7B-4A8C-8C69-7558E5037107}"
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "RpcDemo.Edge", "RpcDemo.Edge\RpcDemo.Edge.csproj", "{BD597AF8-B4C7-4209-B0B4-7B6EE2CBC063}"
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "RpcDemo.RpcShared", "RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj", "{53B5547A-8494-4EE6-859E-1119DFCB9CD1}"
EndProject
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	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
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		Release|x64 = Release|x64
		Release|x86 = Release|x86
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		{B8462209-2F7B-4A8C-8C69-7558E5037107}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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posted on 2025-10-27 08:00 超级无敌美少男战士阅读(0) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

怪奇物语

RPC ServiceModel.Grpc C#

一、`CancellationToken` 的当前使用逻辑

1. `HeartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync`（服务器流）

2. `DogWatcher.ExecuteAsync`（客户端流消费）

二、可优化的点及建议

1. 简化 `HeartbeatService` 中的取消检查逻辑

2. 移除 `DogWatcher` 中不必要的延迟

3. 明确取消信号的传递范围

4. 补充资源释放逻辑（若有）

三、总结

实例代码

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\appsettings.json`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\HeartbeatService.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\RpcDemo.Edge.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\Program.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\DogWatcher.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\GrpcClients.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\RpcDemo.Handler.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\Program.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\.csharpierrc.json`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\build.bat`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcDemo.sln`

怪奇物语

RPC ServiceModel.Grpc C#

一、CancellationToken 的当前使用逻辑

1. HeartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync（服务器流）

2. DogWatcher.ExecuteAsync（客户端流消费）

二、可优化的点及建议

1. 简化 HeartbeatService 中的取消检查逻辑

2. 移除 DogWatcher 中不必要的延迟

3. 明确取消信号的传递范围

4. 补充资源释放逻辑（若有）

三、总结

实例代码

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\appsettings.json

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\HeartbeatService.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\RpcDemo.Edge.csproj

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\Program.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\DogWatcher.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\GrpcClients.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\RpcDemo.Handler.csproj

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\Program.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\.csharpierrc.json

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\build.bat

RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcDemo.sln

一、`CancellationToken` 的当前使用逻辑

1. `HeartbeatService.ContinuousHeartbeatsAsync`（服务器流）

2. `DogWatcher.ExecuteAsync`（客户端流消费）

1. 简化 `HeartbeatService` 中的取消检查逻辑

2. 移除 `DogWatcher` 中不必要的延迟

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\appsettings.json`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\HeartbeatService.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\RpcDemo.Edge.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Edge\Program.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\DogWatcher.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\GrpcClients.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\RpcDemo.Handler.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\Program.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.Handler\ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcShared\RpcDemo.RpcShared.csproj`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\.csharpierrc.json`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\build.bat`

`RpcDemo.RpcDemo\RpcDemo.RpcDemo.sln`